SGS-蜡烛-烛台内部培训资料

TrainingOfCandle,Candleholder,PreparedbyHeroTu,ThecontentofTraining培训内容,Foreword前言Terminologyanddefinitions产品术语及定义Introduction产品简介CautionaryLabeling警示标识Workmanship/Construction产品工艺/结构MeasurementandMaterial产品测量及材料要求SafetyRequirement/Performance安全要求/产品性能CaseStudy案例分析,ThistrainingmaterialisonlyusedforinternaltrainingincludinggeneralinspectionknowledgeofCandle,Candleholder,butdonotincludeallaspectsofCandle,Candleholderproductsrequirement该培训材料只适用于蜡烛，蜡烛烛台的一般检验相关知识的内部培训，但并不包扩蜡烛，蜡烛烛台所有方面技术要求。Thetextofthetrainingmaterialcoversaspectsofsafety,inspection,basicknowledgeofattachment,material,anddesigning.该培训材料包含产品安全，检验，配件，材料和设计的一般知识。Therelatednationalstandards相关标准：ASTM:PS59-02ProvisionalSpecificationforFireSafetyforcandlesASTM:F2058SpecificationForcautionaryLabelingForCandleBurnedinHomeRAL-GZ041QualityInspectionSpecificationsforCandles16CFR1500.44FlammabilityTestforCandleholder,Foreword前言,Towellunderstandcandleinspection,weneedtolearnsomecandle-relatedterminology.为更好理解蜡烛的检验，需要学习相关术语。ParaffinWaxAwaxy,whiteorcolorless,solidhydrocarbonmixtureusedtomakecandles,waxpaper,lubricants,andsealingmaterials.石蜡，一种蜡质的白色或无色的固体碳化氢混合物，用于制做蜡烛、蜡纸、润滑剂和密封材料。WickAcordorstrandoflooselywoven,twisted,orbraidedfibers,asonacandleoranoillamp,thatdrawsupfueltotheflamebycapillaryaction.灯芯，烛芯一条编织、缠绕或编得很松的纤维，用于蜡烛或油灯上通过毛细引力使燃料升成火焰。FilledcontainercandleAcandleproducedandusedwithinthesamevessel罐蜡，被放置在容器中使用的蜡烛FuelPoolPoolofmoltenbasematerial蜡烛本体融化后所形成的池状区域。,Terminologyanddefinitions产品术语及定义,CandleFlashoverConditionwherethebasematerialsvaporsigniteovertheentirefuelpool.蜡烛跳火-底部材料的蒸汽点燃整个油池的现象。SecondaryIgnitionAself-Sustainedflameotherthanthatontheintendedwickthatoccursduringcandleuse,includingflashover.二度燃烧-使用蜡烛时不在烛芯的自身维持下的火焰，包括跳火。EndofusefullifeWhenthecandleceasestosupportcombustionandthecandleflamegoesoutonitsown,asintended,andcannotbere-lit.使用寿命终结-蜡烛停止燃烧，火焰按设计自己熄灭,且不能重新点燃。Tea-lightCandle,whichwillbeburntupinanon-flammablecontainer,e.g.madefrommetal,glassorplastic.茶叶灯，放置在不易被燃烧的铁皮，玻璃或塑料容器中使用的蜡烛。,Terminologyanddefinitions产品术语及定义,Definition定义WhatisCandle?何谓蜡烛?Candle-Asolid,usuallycylindricalmassoftallow,wax,orotherfattysubstancewithanaxiallyembeddedwickthatisburnedtoprovidelight.蜡烛通常是由动物油脂、蜡或其它脂肪物质构成的固态柱状物体，轴心中有烛绳，被点燃以照明。Typicalstylesofcandle常见的蜡烛类型Taper/锥形蜡烛,Pillar/柱状蜡烛,Votive/奉献型蜡烛,Floating/漂浮蜡烛,Tea-light/茶叶灯型,WaxContainers/罐蜡,Gel/果冻蜡烛,TerraCotta/陶土罐蜡,Introduction产品简介,Candleholder蜡烛烛台Theholderisintendedforthefollowingstylecandle.(Taper,pillar,tea-light,etc.)蜡烛烛台用于以下类型蜡烛：锥形，柱形，和茶叶灯形等。Capacity-Numberofcandles容量-蜡烛数量Typeofbase(Individuallegs,smoothbase,etc.),CandleHoldersorLanternsusuallymadeofGlass,Ceramic,MetalOrWooden底座类型（单个支架，平滑底座等），通常由玻璃，陶瓷，金属或木材制作蜡烛烛台或者成灯笼状。,Introduction产品简介,Workmanship/Construction产品工艺/结构,Workmanship(Forallsamplingcandles)工艺Smoothfinish,freefromdirt,dust,andforeignmatter蜡烛表面应光滑，无污垢Freefromcracksorfractures无破碎，裂缝Goodoverallappearance整体外观良好Construction结构Shapeconformstolabeledshape产品与标贴形状相符Wickisproperlycenteredandisnotvisiblealongtheshaftofthecandle蜡烛灯芯应居中，沿边不能看到Multiplewicksareadequatelyspacedfromeachotherandfromtheedgeofthecandle.多个烛芯的蜡烛的烛芯和烛芯及烛芯和蜡烛边沿留有充分间隔Wicksextendstheentirelengthofthecandleandbeyondthetip烛芯延伸到蜡烛全长并超出其顶端,CautionaryLabeling警示标识,CautionaryLabelingAsperASTMF2058-00,visualinspectiononlabels,thecandleshallbearthefollowingequivalentwording.WARNING:ToPreventFire,Burncandlewithinsight.Outofthereachofchildrenandpets.Neverburnacandleon/nearanythingthatcancatchfire.警告：为防火灾，在视线范围内燃烧蜡烛，放于小孩和宠物接触不到的地方,不可在容易起火的地方燃烧蜡烛。Warningstatementshouldbeprecededbyanexclamationpointcontainedwithinanequilateraltriangle.警告语前须有一置于等边三角形内的感叹号。OtherInformationKeepwicktrimmedto”beforelightingcandlesPlacethecandleonheatresistantsurfaceorwithappropriatecandleholderthathassufficientspacetoretainthewaxspillageRemovetheholderaftercooling,thecontainermaybehotForoutdooruseonly(ifapplicable)Countryoforigin,MeasurementandMaterial产品测量及材料要求,Weight记录蜡烛的长宽高等：相同类型（尺寸，颜色）的蜡烛只测量一件；检验时至少记录两套成品蜡烛重量.ParaffinPointofFusioncheck石蜡熔点Accordingtothemanufacturersinstructionorspecification,checkthetemperaturerangeofparaffinpointoffusionforrecords依照说明书或制造规格要求，检查并记录蜡烛融化时的温度。ParaffinwaxandPalmContentcheck固体石蜡和棕榈含量Reportthe%ofparaffinwaxandpalmaccordingtothemanufacturersinstructionorspecification,theseresultsareforreferenceonly依照说明书或制造规格要求记录固体石蜡和棕榈的百分比，结果仅供参考。Wickcontentcheck灯芯成分检查Shouldbe100%cotton.Thecordmaterialofthewickshouldbeidentified(Metallic/Polymeric).应为100%纯棉。灯芯材料须说明（金属/聚合体），含铅的烛芯禁止被使用。,FlameheightCheck火焰高度检查AcceptableFlameHeight可接受的火焰高度ShouldNotLessThan0.25”(6.4mm)ButNeverExceed3”(76.2mm)Tea-lightShouldNotBeHigherThan0.75”(19mm).OutdoorCandleIsExemptedFromThisRequirement.Flamemeasurement测量方法,SafetyRequirement/Performance安全要求/产品性能,Stability/BalanceCheck稳定性检查(Note:Freestandingcandlesorcandlessuppliedwithholdersonly)（注意：只适用于独立式的或带有烛台的蜡烛）AccordingtostandardofASTMPS59-02,placetheunlitcandleontheinclinedsurfaceintheorientationmostlikelytocausetipping.(testtogetherwithcandleholder,ifapplicable)依照ASTMPS59-02标准的要求，将未被点燃的蜡烛以最容易引起倾倒的方向放置在倾斜测试台面上。（带有烛台的蜡烛，蜡烛与烛台须装配一起进行检测）Shouldnottipoverataminimumangleof10degreestothehorizontal.将样品置放于10度的斜面上不翻倒。NotapplicableEaster,Paschal,SacramentalandAltarcandles.不适用于复活节，逾越节，举行圣典和祭拜所用的蜡烛。,SafetyRequirement/Performance安全要求/产品性能,BurningPerformance燃烧性能Test2setsofsamples.Placethecandleinaholder/platewiththewickinastraight/uprightpositionandburnfor30minutesatatime抽检2套样品，将蜡烛放入烛台或托盘中，并使烛芯保持垂直向上的位置燃烧30分钟/一个燃烧周期。Inbetweenburningcycles,allowcandlewaxtocoolfor10minutes,trimwicksinaccordancewiththemanufacturersinstruction(1/4”)betweeneachcycleandnopouringofmoltenwaxduringburning.在每个燃烧周期间，令蜡烛冷却10分钟，并按照说明书的要求修剪将烛芯（一般剪至1/4英寸），且在燃烧过程中不要将融化的蜡油到出。Totalfourburningcyclesduringonsitetesting.Recordthefollowingburningcharacteristicduringeachcycles,whichwillcausefailureofperformance.检验过程共燃烧四个周期。记录以下每个周期导致燃烧性能不合格的燃烧特征。,SafetyRequirement/Performance安全要求/产品性能,BurningCharacteristicthatwillcausefailureofperformance致使燃烧性能不合格的燃烧特征Excessivesmokerelease/smokyflame产生过多烟/火焰冒烟Excessiveflameheight火焰过高Fallingwickoroff-centerburning烛芯燃倒落/烧偏离中心Liquidwaxreleasethroughsidewall/Sidewallcollapse从侧面流油/侧面烧塌Excessivedripping/Liquidwaxoverflow过分流油/蜡油溢出Self-extinguishing自动熄灭Determineifthereisapossibilityofsecondarywickformationfromdebrisinthewax,candlecoatingsordecorationorthecontainer.判断是否会由灯芯残片，蜡烛涂层或装饰物，或容器形成另外的蜡烛心Doesthewickbendduringburning灯芯燃烧时是否弯曲Doesthewickformaloopthatdipsbackintothewaxpool.灯芯是否烧成曲线伸到油池Flameorwaxspluttersorspits.火焰或蜡烛劈啪响或喷溅Anyothereventthatcancauseanincreaseordecreaseintheburningcharacteristic.其他能影响燃烧性能的现象,SafetyRequirement/Performance安全要求/产品性能,SecondaryIgnition二度燃烧Demonstratesnounintendedignitionofsecondaryignitionsourcessuchasembeddeddecorativematerial,raffia,ribbons,orotherdecorationsduringnormalburn.Thesampleisallowedtoburncompletelytotheendofthewick.Embeddeddecorativematerialdoesnosustainaflamewhenremovedfromthecandleandtestedseparately.Thedecorativematerialisplacedonahorizontalsurfaceandaflameisappliedtotheedgeforamaximumof10seconds.Endoflife(Filledcontainercandlesonly)Containerdoesnotcrack,melt,orexhibitotherdegradationwhencandleceasestosupportcombustion.Flammability可燃性Alldecorationsuchasraffia,ribbons,orotherdecorationsaroundthebaseofacandledemonstrateaburningratenotexceeding0.10inchespersecondwhentestedasspecifiedin16CFR1500.44,正常燃烧时无二度燃烧物质引起非设计的燃烧，如植入的装饰材料，纤维，丝带或其他饰物。让蜡烛充分地烧到蜡烛烛芯的底部。将植入的装饰材料从蜡烛中取出单独进行测试不得产生持续的火焰。装饰材料放于水平面，并用明火燃烧其边缘位置不超过10秒。寿命终结（只对带容器蜡烛）当蜡烛停止燃烧时，容器不可产生破裂，融化或呈现其他的不良现象。按16CFR1500.44测试时，所有装饰物的水平燃烧速率均不得超过0.10英寸/秒。,SafetyRequirement/Performance安全要求/产品性能,ExternalSurfaceTemperatureTest外表面温度测试OnlyperformtestonsamplewithcandleholderbyrecodingtemperatureduringTest9.Periodicallycheckthesurfacetemperaturewarm,hot,veryhot.Warm:37C-42C;Hot:42C-60C;VeryHot:60Corabove.只测试带烛台的样品：记录燃烧测试时的温度。周期性地检查表面温度-暖：37C-42C;热:42C-60C;非常热:60C或以上.PorositycheckforCandleholder烛台多孔性测试Shallnotallowabsorptionofwaxintoholder.烛台不允许吸入蜡油。FlammabilityTestforCandleholder(16CFR1500.44)烛台可燃性测试(16CFR1500.44)Holdercupdoesnotignitewithin5secondsofdirectflamecontact(onlyapplicabletomaterialsindirectcontactwithcandle).蜡烛烛台与火焰直接接触5秒内不会点燃（只适用于与蜡烛直接接触的材料）。Demonstratesahorizontalburnratenotexceeding0.10inchespersecondwhentestedusingmethoddescribedin16CFR1500.44Eachcomponentistestedseparatelyformaterialotherthanglass/ceramic.Holdermaterialdoesnotcrackorbreakwhentestcandleisburnedinitsentirety(Glass/Ceramicmaterials)根据16CFR1500.44描述的方法测试，对于玻璃/陶瓷以外的每个烛台的材料分别进行检验，其燃烧速率均不得超过0.10英寸/秒。当蜡烛全部充分燃烧完时，玻璃/陶瓷材料容器不可出现裂缝或破裂现象。,SafetyRequirement/Performance安全要求/产品性能,ThermalShockTestingonContainer冷热冲击测试placethecontainerinanovenapprox.at90Cfor30minutesandplungeintocoldwater(approx.at20C)for1minutex2cycles.将被测样品放在烤箱内在90C左右高温下烘烤30分钟取出，然后放入20C左右冷水中一分钟取出为一个循环,两次OnlyapplicabletoGlasswareholderwithnocracksorbrokenoccurs此测试只适用于玻璃容器，测试后无裂痕或破裂现象。ToxicologicalHazard化学毒性危害Complieswiththefollowingguidelinesformaximumallowablecontentofleachableleadandcadmium:铅与镉等重金属含量必须符合相应法规。USFDA(IfmarketedinUSA)WarningstatementorSymbolisvisibleandisaffixedtoeitherthepackaging,labeling,orthesample.IfCaliforniaProposition65limitsareexceeded.包装或产品本身须附带警告语或标识。,SafetyRequirement/Performance安全要求/产品性能,CaseStudy案例分析,TheimportanceofQualityAssurance质量保证的重要性Evaluateproductperformance/Safety评定产品性能/安全性Therehasbeenanincreaseinhouseholdfirescauseddirectlybycandlesandthoughinappropriateuseofcandlesispartlytoblame,candlesandcandleholdershavealsobeenfoundtobeunsafe.Therefore,itisnecessarytoevaluatetheirsafety.直接由蜡烛引起的家庭失火一部分因为使用不当，也有是蜡烛和蜡烛容器本身不安全。Responsibility责任Supplierresponsibilityistoensurethesuppliedproductiscorrectandcomplieswiththerelevantproductsafetyregulationsandstandardstotheimportingcountries.供应商要保证提供正确产品，产品须符合进口国家的安全规定和标准。,CASE-NEWSFROMCPSC案例-来自美国消费品安全委员会的消息,CASE-NEWSFROMCPSC案例-来自美国消费品安全委员会的消息,CASE-NotifyingFromEU/UnitedKingdom案例-来自欧盟消费品安全通报,Product:Category:DecorativearticlesProduct:Candles-StarLytesRoseGardenScentedcandleBrand:StarLytesType/numberofmodel:RoseGardenScentDescription:113g/4ozRoseGardenscentedcandle(pink)inadimpledglassjar,containedwithincardboardpackaging.Countryoforigin:UnitedStatesDanger:productposesariskoffirebecause:-secondaryignitionmayoccurinthecandleasaresultofasecondarywickbeingformedaftercarbondebrisaccumulatesinthewaxpool.Thisisasignificantsafetyhazardasthecandleisnolongerundercontrol.Thissecondaryignitioncausesthesideandbaseofthecontainertooverheatwhichcouldresultinpersonalinjuryi.e.burns,-secondaryignitioncanalsobecausedasaresultoftheglassshattering,thespreadingoffiretosurroundingitemsbyvirtueofanenlargedflameheight,waxspillageasaresultofshatteringallofwhichconstitutesafetyhazards.sMeasuresadoptedbynotifyingcountry:Voluntarywithdrawalfromthemarketandr