经济学中的英文词缩写

微观经济学术语的英语和缩写第一章引言理性人(Rational man )微观经济学(Microeconomics )，微观经济学(Macroeconomics )消费者(Consumer )生产者(Producer )企业(企业)事业单位establishment企业商业company公司/商号corporation )供应商(Firm/Manufacturer )第二章需求、供应和价格需求(demand )缩写d供应(Supply )缩写s省略灵活性e或e需求价格弹性(price elasticity of demand ) Ed或ed或简称价格弹性需求收入弹性(Income elasticity of demand ) EM或em需求相互弹性(cross-pricelasticityofdemand ) exy或exy供应价格弹性域(preciselelasticityofsupply)es或es或简称供应弹性域均衡价格(Equilibrium price ) (均衡数量(equilibrium quantity； 馀额净值； 平衡品质(balanced quantity )第三章效用论基数效用论(Cardinal utility )序数效用论： (Ordinal utility )总效用(Total utility )缩写TU边际效用(Marginal utility )缩写MU“无差异曲线”(Indifference curve )的缩写I商品间界限替代率(marginal rate of substitution )的缩写MRS12第四章生产论供应商(Firm )事务处理成本(transaction cost )生产要素(Factors of Production )劳动(labour )缩写l资本(capital )缩写k土地(Iand )是指所有自然资源(Natural resources )的简称n企业家的才能eC-D生产函数(Cobb- Douglas production function )短期(short-run )、长期(long-run )总产量(Total Product )省略TP或q劳动总产量TPL平均产量(Average Product )省略AP劳动的平均产量APL边际产量/产品(margininalproduct )省略MP劳动的边际产量MPL边际技术替代率(margininalrateoftechnicalsubstitution )缩写规模报酬也称为规模收益(return of scale )分数增量保留软件缩放、一致性恢复缩放和分析恢复缩放等成本线(Isocost line )等生产线(Isoquant line )第五章成本论成本(cost )缩写c费用(expense )机会成本(Opportunity cost )显式成本(Explicit cost )隐藏成本(Implicit cost )普通利润(Normal profit )超额利润(Excess profit )或经济利润(economicimicprofit )通常以表示。利润最大化(profit maximization )利润最大化原则(principle of profit maximization )短期总成本(Short-run total cost )的简称STC或TC总固定成本(TFC或FC )总变动成本(Total variable cost )的简称TVC或VC平均固定成本(AFC )缩写平均可变成本(AVC )短期平均成本(Short-run average cost) SAC或AC短期边际成本(Short-run marginal cost) SMC或MC长期总成本(LTC或TC )长期平均成本(lac或AC )长期边际成本(LMC或MC )比例经济(Economies of scale )、比例经济(Diseconomies of scale )外部经济(The external economy )、外部经济(External diseconomy )收入(Revenue) R总收入(total revenue) gross earnings； gross income) TR平均收入(average revenue) AR边际收益(marginal income ) MR第六章完全竞争市场市场结构(Market structure )完全竞争市场(perfect competition market )长期供应线ls (长期供应线)消费者剩馀(consumers surplus ) cs生产者馀数(producers surplus ) PS (producer surplus )看不出手的原理第七章不完全竞争市场(Imperfect competition market )完全垄断市场(completemonopolymarket (monopoly ) :卖方垄断(Monopoly)/买方(Monopsony )垄断竞争(Monopolistic Competition )/垄断竞争市场(Monopolistic Competition Market )寡头垄断(Oligopsony)/寡头垄断市场(Oligopsony market )价格歧视(Price discrimination )第一级价格歧视(first-degreepricediscrimination )次级价格歧视(second-degreepricediscrimination )三级价格歧视(third-degreepricediscrimination )博弈论(Game theory )纳什均衡(Nash equilibrium )囚犯困境(prison RSdiemma )第八章生产要素边际收益产品(Marginal Revenue Product) MRP边际产品价值(Value of marginal product) VMP边际因素成本(Marginal Factor Cost) MFC工资(Wage) w最低工资minimum wage实际工资(Real wages)名义工资(Normal wages )地租/租金(rent) R利率(Interest )、利率(Interest rate )缩写r实际利率(Real Interest rate )，名义利率(Normal Interest rate )洛伦兹曲线(Lorenz curve )基尼系数(Gink coefficient )简称g第十章一般均衡与福利经济学(本章不见)埃及华斯箱(edgeworthsbox )帕累托最优化帕累托最优化状态帕累托效率(帕累托效率)，帕累托改进(帕累托效率提高)福利经济学(welfare economics )福利经济学第一定律福利经济学第二定律边际生产率(themarginalrateofproducttransformation ) mrt sxy极限转换率(marginalrateoftransformation ) MTS xy=mrt sxy=y /x第十一章微观经济政策市场失灵外部效果(External effects )、外部效果(Externalities )外部经济(external economies )、外部经济(external diseconomies )私人成本个人成本，社会成本(social cost )科斯定理(Koss theorem)the Coase theorem (科斯定理)共享财产的联合属性)私有商品(private goodst )、公共商品(Public goods )搭便车(freeriding/free-riding )或thumbliftorriding； hitchhike； pick up； hitch a ride )搭便车者pick up a hitch-hiker竞争(Competitive )、非竞争non-competitive/non-riville排他性(Exclusive )、非排他性non-exclusive /nonexcludable公共选择(Public choice )完整信息(Complete information )、不完整信息(Imperfect information； 完整信息(incomplete information )不对称信息(Asymmetric Information )