美国文学课件Herman_Melville_and_Moby_____dick

HermanMelvilleandMobyDick,HermanMelville(1819-1891),Works,1.Redburn18492.Typee18463.Omoo18744.MobyDick18515.Mardi18496.WhiteJacket18507.Pierre18528.BillyBudd1924,Life,MelvillewasborninNewYorkCity.Bothhisparentscamefromwell-to-dofamilies,butlatertheirfamilybusinessfailed.Melvilleschildhoodwashappytotheageof11,whenhisfatherdiedindebt.,Melvillewasbornintoaslightlyeccentric,establishedNewEnglandfamily.HisfatherAlanimportedclothesandothergoodsfromFrance,providingHermanwithacomfortableandhappychildhoodinNewYork.AfterHermansfatherdiedin1832,thefamilyreliedonfinancialassistancefromhismotherswealthyfamilyandHermanleftschooltogotowork.,Hermaneducatedhimselfwhileworkingavarietyofjobsthroughoutteens.In1839,MelvillebeganhisaffairwithseawhenhejoinedthecrewoftheSt.LawrenceandsetsailforLiverpoolEngland.,In1840,MelvillesetsailaboardtheAcushnet,awhalingshipheadedfortheSouthPacific.TheroughconditionsoftheseatoughenedtheromanticNewEnglanderandhetooksuchalikingtosealifethathesailedaroundtheglobefouryearsaboardvariousships.,Melvillewaswelcomedhomebyhisfamilywhowasentertainedbyhistalesofthehighseasandencouragedhimtowritethemdown.HermanwroteTypeequicklyin1845,andpublisheditthenextyear.Typeebecameacriticalandfinancialsuccessin1847,MelvillemarriedElizabethShaw,daughteroftheChiefJusticeofMassachusetts.,Tomakehimselfmorefinanciallystableforhisimpendingmarriage,MelvillesoughtapositionwiththeU.S.Treasuryandtookonextraworkwritingbookreviews.MobyDickpublishedinNovember1851,receivedpoorreviewsanddidnotsell.,Despitethiscontinuedoutputandthefacthisearliernovelscontinuedtobereprintedandsoldfairlywell,Melvillesliteraryreputationwasinrapiddecline.HisdeathfromaheartattackonSeptember28,1891wententirelyunheededbythegeneralpublic.,Melvillesliteraryreputationremainedindeclineuntilhewasrediscoveredinthe1920s,whenageneration,disillusionedbytheGreatWarbegantoappreciatethedepthofMelvillesspiritualstrugglesandthemodernexperimentalstyleofhisstories.,Typeofwork:symbolicnovelFirstpublication:1851Setting:Mostofthebooktakesplaceonvariousoceans,suchastheAtlantic,theIndian,andthePacific,intheearlytomid1800s.However,agooddealofthefirstpartofthenoveltakesplaceinNewEnglandinsideandaroundNantucket.,MobyDick,PrincipalCharacters:Ishmaelschoolteacherandpart-timesailor;aPresbyterian,likeMelville,heprojectsCalvinisticthinkingtemperedbyhisbackgroundinliteratureandphilosophy.Hediscussessuchissuesasfreewill,predestination,necessity,anddamnation.HeisthesolesurvivorofthePequod.,CaptainAhabAmanwhoisobsessedwiththekillingofawhitewhalethathasmaimedhim.Hehasascarwhichextendsfromhisheadtohisleg.StarbuckThefirstmate,isboldenoughtocriticizeAhabsvengeance,considersmutinybutfails.StubbThesecondmatewhoiscarefree,indifferent,andfatalistic.,MobyDickItistheWhiteWhale;theworldslargestcreature.Itispowerful,legendaryimageofnature.Itswimspeacefullyintheseauntildisturbedbyhumans,thenshowsaterriblefuryandanger.ForAhab,MobyDickisthesymbolofevil.捕鲸是当时的一项大生意，白鲸中所描写的捕鲸船皮廓德（Pequod）号的船长阿哈（Ahab）就是南塔开特人，也是个捕鲸老手。,ThemesofMobyDick,Searchfortruth：Thestorydealswiththehumanpursuitoftruthandthemeaningofexistence.ConflictbetweenGoodandEvil.ConflictbetweenManandNature.Isolationbetweenmanandman;manandnature;manandsociety.Solipsism（唯我论）.,Symbols,ThePequodThePequodisasymbolofdoom.Itispaintedagloomyblackandcoveredinwhaleteethandbones,literallybristlingwiththemementosofviolentdeath.Itis,infact,markedfordeath.Adornedlikeaprimitivecoffin,thePequodbecomesone.,.SymbolsMobyDickMobyDickpossessesvarioussymbolicmeaningsforvariousindividuals.1)Symbolofnatureforhumanbeings,becauseitismysterious,powerful,unknown.2)SymbolofevilfortheCaptainAhab.3)Symbolofgoodandpuritybecauseofitswhiteness.,Symbols,VoyageofthePequodSymbolofthepursuitofideals,adventure,andthehuntinthevastwilderness.AhabSymbolofsolipsism,revengeandthenevil.,SymbolsStarbuck大副Symbolofgoodandnoble.theDoubloonSymbolofthelureofevilandenticementstogreed.SeaSymbolofvastness,loneliness,andisolation.,Evaluation,MobyDickis,criticshaveagreed,oneoftheworldsgreatestmasterpieces.Togettoknowthe19thcenturyAmericanmindandAmericaitself,one