非谓语动词作成分.ppt

,主语Itisveryimportanttomasteraforeignlanguage.Readingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledge.BeingadmittedtoHarvardUniversityisanhonor.Itisnouse/good/uselessdoingItisfun/awasteoftimedoingThereisnoneedtodo/nodoubtthat/nopointindoingThereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事是不能开玩笑的。,宾语(1)有些动词只要求动词不定式作宾语，如want,decide,learn,pretend,hope,expect,refuse,manage,long,promise,offer,hate,(2)要求用动名词作宾语，常见的这类动词有admit,advise,appreciate,avoid,consider,confess,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,envy,fancy,favor,finish,forbid,imagine,include,involve,keep,mind,miss,mention,pardon,permit,practice,prevent,quit,resist,risk,stand,suggest,understand等。,动词不定式复合结构ItsdifficultforyoutostudyEnglish.Itsniceofyoutohelpme.Ifeelitrighttotellherthetruth.动名词复合结构在句中作主语或宾语等由动名词的逻辑主语即物主代词或名词所有格+动名词短语构成TheircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtousSheinsistedonme/my/hermother(s)stayingforlunch,Weconsidered/foundhim(tobe)dishonest.我们发现他不诚实。Weallsupposehimtobedead.我们都以为他死了。,有些动词如consider,prove,know,feel,suppose,discover,imagine,find等也可跟“宾语+tobe”的形式，使用中应注意。例如：,宾语补足语有些动词如allow,advise,ask,beg,believe,call,cause,enable,encourage,get,invite,order,teach,tell等后边常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。Iinvitedhimtocomehere.Hewasinvitedtocomehere.,TheteacherallowedmetofinishmyhomeworkonFriday.在make,let,have等使役动词后；在see,watch,lookat,observe,feel,hear,listento,notice等表示感官的动词后省去动词不定式符号“to”。但如这些词用被动，则带toThatmademequit.Hewasheardtorejectthesuggestion.,1.不定式作宾补,Iwasmadetoquit.,2.-ing做宾补1.感官动词see,hear,findsb.doing等2.使役动词have，get,leave,keep,send,wonthavesbdoing等Ifoundthemanlyingontheground.Tomkeptuswaitinginthewind.Theexplosionsentusrunninginalldirections.Iwonthavemychildrensayingdirtywords.当谓语动词变成被动时Themanwasfoundlyingontheground.Wewerekeptwaitinginthewind.,-ed做宾补1.感官动词see,hear,findsb/sthdone等2.使役动词have，get,leave,keep等Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.Weheardthestorytold.Weheardthestorybeingtold.当动词变成被动时Theylefttheworkhalfdone.Theworkwaslefthalfdone.Herbikewasfoundstolen.,Shefoundherbikestolen,当“have”作“有”解释时，如果后面跟有表达某些感情的名difficulty,trouble,problem,fun,ahardtime等通常使用动名词，实际上这种句型是在动名词前省去了介词in。例如：,Hehasdifficulty(in)speakingEnglish?IstillrememberthegreatfunIhad_Disneyland.A.visitedBvisitingCvisitDtovisit,定语不定式作定语常表将来，与靠近的名词或代词有逻辑的动宾关系，但其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般用主动语态。,Ihavemuchworktodo.Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.Idlikesomeexcitingmusictolistento.,Wefoundthebookdifficulttounderstand.,如果句子找不出上述逻辑主语，或不定式的逻辑主语不是句中主语时，则一般用被动语态。,Herbossgotalotofletterstobetyped.(不是老板自己打，而是别人打),“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashedtoday”,-ing作定语与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系，或表进行-ed作定语表被动，或完成Thecarwaitingoutside,songswrittenbyJackson.Fallenleaves,retiredworkers不能用分词的完成式作定语，但中间有逗号隔开时可以如Theboyhavingwonthegoldmetalismycousin.XThequestion,havingbeendiscussedforthousandsofyears,hasnowbeensolved.对比：Themeetingheldyesterday/beingheldnow/tobeheldtomorrow,状语,不定式做状语大多表目的，放后面时不用逗号隔开；有时表出乎意料的结果，一般有逗号。Thechildrenallturned_thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookatSchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,_reduceunemploymentpressures.A.helpB.tohavehelpedC.tohelpD.havinghelpedHewokeup（only）toseehewasinhospital.,分词及分词短语作状语可表示时间，原因，条件，结果，让步，方式或伴随情况。分词（短语）可以放在句首也可放在句末，通常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。分词前可带“when,while,as,once,until,if”等连接词。例如：（While）Walkingalongthestreet,wefoundapurselyingontheground.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyhisstudents.Nothavingreceivedananswer,Iwroteagain.Nothavingbeentested,thisnew-typeoilpumpcantbeputintoproduction.,常用过去分词形式作定语，补语，状语的动词：Seated,dressed,lost,gone,hidden,exposed,devoted,absorbed,caught,stuck等，但如果这些词后有宾语则用主动，如_hiswayintheforest,heburstintotears._intheforest,heburstintotears.Isawagirl_totherain.Isawagirl_herselftotherain.常用主动的感官动词（look，smell,taste等），sell，hang,measure,Losing,Lost,exposed,exposing,固定结构：Generally/honestlyspeakingJudgingfrom/byComparedto/withTotellthetruthTobehonestConsidering/givenGiven/consideringhisinterestinchildren,teachingseemtherightjobforher.,分词独立结构,Everythinghavingbeenprepared,theybegantomakeanewexperiment.Themeetingbeingover,weheldadiscussion.Helefttheroomangrily,withoutawordmorespoken.Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.,1._(finish)hishomework,hewentouttoplay.2._theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.A.CompletingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete3._,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner4._andshortofbreath,AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.A.TobetiredB.TiredC.TiringD.Beingtired5._downtheradio-thebabysasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn6._inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose7._up,oryoullbelate.A.HurryingB.HurryChavinghurriedD.hurried8._(buy)somechocolatewhenyouareinItaly.9._somechocolateiswhattouristsinItalyoftendo.,在句型“Therebeno主语”中，习惯上常用ing形式作主语，且不带逻辑主语。如：Thereisnoparkingaroundhere.这周围不准停车。Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.(=Itisimpossibletotellwhatwillhappen.)无法知道会发生什么。,不定式进行式：动词不定式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生IhappenedtobetravelinginLondon.不定式完成式：动词不定式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生,Theyareknowntohavecometoadecisiononthematter.,完成进行式：不定式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前开始发生，并延续到那个时候，可能仍在进行。,Heissaidtohavebeenworkinginthisfactoryformorethantwentyyears.,动名词完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。例如,Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.,动名词被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：Istillremember_totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken,如果主要谓语所表示的动作（或情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行，这时，不定式就要用进行式。,不定式的进行式主要有下列几种用法,1在某些动词后作宾语，如：Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeacrosstheriver.Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell.Ihappenedtobegoingthatwaytoo.Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.在某些动词后宾补，如：Wedidntexpectyoutobewaitingforushere.,如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行，就需要用完成进行式，如：TheyaresaidtohavebeencollectingfolksongsinYunnan.Shewishedtohavebeenstudyingashardastheothers.Itsagreatpleasuretohavebeenworkingwithyou.,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。,十、不定式的被动形式有下列用法,1作主语：Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.2作宾语：SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.3宾补：Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidntlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.5作定语：Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachersoffice?6作状语：Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.,不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.（主语）Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(宾语)）Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.总结：不定式各种形式常考要点：happen，seem，pretend，besaid/believed/reported,Itsanhonortodo/tobedone/tobedoing/tohavedone/tohavebeendoing/tohavebeendone,分词各种形式,1.beingdoneBeingexposedtosunlightisharmfultoourskin.Thehousebeingbuiltwillbeourlibrary.Heisfondofbeingpraised.Bytakingthebackway,heescapedbeingseen.Beingpainted,thehouselookslikeamess.Isawmysonbeingbeatenbythatrudeman.,主语,定语,宾语,状语,宾补,宾语,Heforgothavinglockedthedoor.Havingfinishedhishomework,Tomwenthome.Havingbeenkeptinthefridgefortwohours,thefoodhasgonebad.Everythinghavi