国际商法 Part 6 Intellectual Property Law知识产权法.ppt

IntellectualPropertyLaw,PartIIntroductiontoIntellectualProperty(Law),I.WhatisIntellectualProperty1.DefinitionIntellectualproperty,verybroadly,meansthelegalrightswhichresultfromintellectualactivityintheindustrial,scientific,literaryandartisticfields.,2.Scopeofintellectualpropertyrights（Dynamic）CopyrightandRelatedRights(版权及相关权)Trademarks(商标)Patents(专利)/InventionsLayout-Designs(Topographies)ofIntegratedCircuits(集成电路布图设计)PlantVarieties(植物新品种),2.SourceofInternationalIPLaw2.1ComprehensiveAgreementsTRIPS与贸易有关的知识产权协定(AgreementonTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualProperty)TRIPS是WTO体系下的一个多边条约，其宗旨是期望减少国际贸易中的扭曲和障碍，促进对知识产权充分、有效的保护，保证知识产权的执法措施与程序不至于变成合法的障碍。,2.2ArtisticAgreementBerneConvention伯尔尼公约(TheBerneConventionfortheProtectionofLiteraryandArtisticWorks)：最早的国际版权公约，1887年生效。伯尔尼公约的实施管理最初由伯尔尼联盟国际局负责，1967年起由世界知识产权组织（WIPO）负责。,2.3IndustrialPropertyAgreementParisConvention保护工业产权巴黎公约（ParisConventionontheProtectionofIndustrialProperty）：简称巴黎公约，1883年3月20日在巴黎签订，1884年7月7日生效。保护范围是工业产权，包括发明专利权、实用新型、工业品外观设计、商标权、服务标记、厂商名称、产地标记或原产地名称以及制止不正当竞争等。,MadridAgreement商标国际注册马德里协定（MadridAgreementConcerningtheInternationalRegistrationofMarks）：1967年7月14日签订于斯德哥尔摩，于1989年5月25日生效，是用于规定、规范国际商标注册的国际条约。,PartIICopyrightandRelatedRights,1.SubjectMatter(保护对象)Literary,ArtisticandScientificWorksLiteraryworks(文字作品):novels,poems,dramaticworksandanyotherwritings,computerprograms;Musicalworks(音乐作品):songs,choruses,operas;Artisticworks(美术作品):drawings,paintings,sculptures,architecturalworks;,Cinematographicworks(电影作品):motionpicturesormoviesCompilations(汇编作品):DatabasesDerivativeworks(派生作品):includingtranslations,adaptations(改编),andarrangements(整理).,2.Whatisprotectableandwhatisnot?2.1Idea/ExpressionDichotomy思想/表达二分法Copyrightprotectionshallextendtoexpressionsandnottoideas,procedures,methodsofoperationormathematicalconceptsassuch.(TRIPS,Art.9.2),2.2ThresholdofProtection(版权保护的最低要求)Originality(独创性)orIntellectualCreation(智力创作)Authorship(作者创作)Fixation(固定),(1)Originality(独创性)/IntellectualCreation(智力创作)DoesntmeanQualityoraestheticvalue(审美价值)DoesntneedNovelty(新颖性)oradvance(进步)Anauthorgetsacopyrightinanindependentlycreatedworkeveniftheworkissimilartoapre-existingone.(独立创作的雷同作品亦可享有版权),(2)Authorship(作者创作)Copyrightableworkshouldbetheresultofintellectualcreation.(3)Fixation(固定)US:Workstobeprotectablebycopyrightmustbefixedinanytangiblemedium(有形介质)fromwhichtheycanbeperceived,reproduced,orotherwisecommunicated.(section102,CopyrightAct1976),3.CopyrightandRelatedRights3.1NatureofCopyrightAswithotherintellectualpropertyrights,copyrightisan“exclusiveright”toauthorizeotherstousetheprotectedwork.Thecoreofcopyrightispreventingothersfromusingcopyrightedworkwithoutauthorization.,3.2RightsComprisedinCopyrightEconomicRights(经济权利)MoralRights(精神权利)RelatedRights(邻接权),3.3MajorEconomicRightsEconomicRights(经济权利)areconcernedwithprotectingtheeconomicinterestsofcopyrightowners.RightofReproduction(复制权):therighttopreventothersfrommakingcopiesofhisworks.Therightofreproductionisthemostbasicrightundercopyright.RightofPerformance(表演权):Exclusiverightofauthorizingpublicperformanceofworks,includingsuchpublicperformancebyanymeansorprocess.,RightofDistribution(发行权):theexclusiverightofauthorizingthemakingavailabletothepublicoftheoriginalandcopiesoftheirworksthroughsaleorothertransferofownership.(通过买卖或其他转移所有权的方式向公众提供作品原件或复制件),3.4MoralRightsMoralRights(精神权利)areconcernedwithprotectingthepersonalityandreputationofauthors.Therighttoclaimauthorshipofthework(作者身份权)Therighttoobjecttoanydistortion(歪曲),mutilation(毁损)orothermodification(修改)of,orotherderogatory(贬损)actioninrelationtothework.,3.5RelatedRightsRightsofperformers,producersofphonograms(soundrecordings)andbroadcastingorganizations.,4.TermofProtection(保护期)TheBerneConvention:Thetermofprotectiongrantedbyisthelifeoftheauthorandfiftyyearsafterhisdeath.Inthecaseofaworkofjointauthorship,thetermshallbecalculatedfromthedeathofthelastsurvivingauthor.Chinaadoptsthisrule.China:thesameastheBerneConvention.,EuropeanUnionandtheUS:extendingcopyrighttermstolifeoftheauthorplus70yearsandforworksofcorporateauthorshipto120yearsaftercreationor95yearsafterpublication,whicheverendpointisearlier.,PartIIITrademarkLaw,1.IntroductionofTrademark1.1DefinitionTrademarkisanysign,oranycombinationofsignscapableofdistinguishingthegoodsorservicesofoneundertakingfromthoseofotherundertakings.,1.2FunctionIndicatingsourcesInformingconsumersGeneratinggoodwill(商誉),2.CriteriaofProtectabilityDistinctiveness(显著性、识别性):thefunctiontodistinguishproductsorservices.Thedistinctivecharacteroftrademarksmustbeevaluatedinrelationtothecontext,namelythegoodsorservicestowhichthetrademarkisapplied.Publicorderandmorality(公序良俗),3.ExclusionsfromRegistrationSignsconflictwithearliernon-trademarkrights,suchascopyright,patent,name,design,portrait,publicityFunctionalsigns:signs(generallyshapesorpackages)resultingfromthenatureofthegood,necessarytoobtainatechnicalresultorsubstantiallyvaluableforthegooditself.,4.TrademarkRightsTheownerofaregisteredtrademarkshallhavetheexclusiverighttopreventallthirdpartiesnothavingtheownersconsentfromusinginthecourseoftradeidenticalorsimilarsignsforgoodsorserviceswhichareidenticalorsimilartothoseinrespectofwhichthetrademarkisregisteredwheresuchusewouldresultinalikelihoodofconfusion.,PartIVPatentLaw,1.IntroductionPatentisasetofexclusiverightsgrantedbyastate(nationalgovernment)toaninventorortheirassigneeforalimitedperiodoftimeinexchangeforapublicdisclosureofaninvention.,Majortypesofpatents:(invention-creation)InventionUtilityModelIndustrialDesign第二条本法所称的发明创造是指发明、实用新型和外观设计。,2.PatentableSubjectMatter：GeneralRules专利保护要件Patentsshallbeavailableforanyinventions,whetherproductsorprocesses,inallfieldsoftechnology,providedthattheyarenew,involveaninventivestepandarecapableofindustrialapplication.(TRIPSArt.27),Utility(实用性)：Theinventionmustbecapableofbeingusedinanykindofindustry.Novelty(新颖性)：Aninventionmustnothavebeenavailabletothepublicpriortotheapplicationdate.InventiveStep(创造性，进步性)：Theinventionmustnotmerelybesomethingnew;itmustrepresentadevelopmentoverpriorart.,3.ExceptionsofPatentabilityArticle25Foranyofthefollowing,nopatentrightshallbegranted:对下列各项，不授予专利权scientificdiscoveries科学发现：本身并不是一种技术方案，不是专利法意义上所说的发明创造，不能直接实施用以解决一定领域内的特定技术问题，因而不能被授予专利权。,rulesandmethodsformentalactivities智力活动的规则和方法:人的大脑进行精神和智能活动的手段或过程，是一种抽象的东西，作用仅是指导人们对其表达的信息进行思维、判断和记忆，不需要采用技术手段或者遵守自然法则，不具备技术特征，因而不能被授予专利权。比如，交通行车规则、字典的编排方法、情报检索的方法、速算法或口诀。,methodsforthediagnosisorforthetreatmentofdiseases;疾病的诊断和治疗方法（这类方法以人体或者动物作为直接实施对象，涉及健康，不能为少数人所独占）animalandplantvarieties;动物和植物品种（动物和植物是自然生成的，不是人们创造出来的，不能以工业方法生产，不具备专利法意义上的创造性和实用性）,substancesobtainedbymeansofnucleartransformation.用原子核变换方法获得的物质（由于用原子核变换方法获得的物质关系到国家的经济、国防、科研和公共生活的重大利益，关系国家安全，不宜公开）Forprocessesusedinproducingproductsreferredtoinitems(4)oftheprecedingparagraph,patentrightmaybegrantedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisLaw.对前款第（四）项所列产品的生产方法，可以依照本法规定授予专利权。,4.PatentRightsApatenteehastheexclusiverightstoexploithispatentedinventionasfollowing:Productpatent:topreventthirdpartiesnothavingtheownersconsentfromtheactsof:making,using,off