英文作文之五种段落结构

英语作文之五种段落结构一个自然段只有一个中心思想。因此，在组织自然段时，我们必须首先确立一个中心思想。然后，根据这个中心思想确立写入哪些内容并确立以何种方法安排这些内容。这里，我们介绍15种方法。一 时间顺序法时间顺序法指按照事物发展的顺序按照要写的内容。常用的标志词有: before, after, then,in the mean time, at the same time, next, finally, at last, in the end.如：First the computer was fed all the information necessary for designing a chemical plant(化学工厂). After running through 16,000 possible designs, it picked out（选中） the plan for the plant that would produce the most chemical at the lowest cost. Then it issued a printed set of exact specifications（图样）。二 对照法对照法指写出两种事物的特征，使它们形成对照的方法。常用的标志词有：on the contrary, instead, on one handon the other hand(一方面.另一方面) Some people consider failure a bad thing. It not only brings about sadness and depression but also a negative psychological influence on the future life. On the contrary, some other people think that a failure is what they must pass through before reaching their destination. So they are likely to fight a failure with persevarance.(见坚持不懈).三 递进法递进法指根据由轻到重的方式安排所写的内容。常用的标志词由：moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides, whats more, also, in fact.如： Owing to the convenience of modern transportation, people make contact with each other more frequently. They no longer regard a foreigner on the street as a monster. Besides, people of different nationalities are getting to know and understand each other better.四 概括法概括法指先说具体内容再对它们进行概括总结的方法。标志词有：in short, in a word, to sum up( 总而言之), all in all. 如： Early every morning, we hear the shouts of the forest rangers(护林员) echoing( 发出回声) in the mountains, and see women and yound girls washing clothes and vegetables by the river and farmers working with hoes and ploughs(锄头和犁) in the field. All in all, the people in my native town are living a simple and peaceful life.五 主题句法主题句法指把自然段的中心思想概括成主题句，然后用支持句阐明主题句，然后再写出结论句，或不写结论句 ，或让几个自然段共一个结论句。主题句可摆在句首，也可摆在句中。根据支持阐明主题句的方式我们得出下列几种自然段的方法。a) 理由法：理由法指让支持句用提供理由的方法阐明主题句。如：Honesty is the best policy. If you are honest in all matters, youll be trusted and respected by others. A liar is always looked down upon and regarded as a black sheep( 害群之马) by the people around. Once you lie, people will never believe you even if you speak the truth. The fable(故事) of the shepherd boy is the example. Honest, your reputation(名声) will become great. Dishonest, your name will be spoiled and your personality degraded.(降低)b) 定义法：定义法指让支持句给主题句给出定义。标志词：defineas, refer to, mean.如：What is honesty? Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair and upright(正直) in act. Honest is a good virtue（美德）. He who lies and cheats is dishonest. Those who gain fortunes not by hard labor, but by other means are dis honest.c) 因果法：因果法指把主题句作为因，把支持句作为果来安排所写内容。常见词：thus, so , therefore, as a result, consequently(因此), hence（因此）.如： （4）果因法：果因法指把主题句作为果，把支持句作为因安排所写内容。(5)列举法 列举法指让支持句以举例的方式说明主题句. 常见标志词有：in the first placein the second place(首先.其次.), for one thingfor another thing(一则.二则.), firstly.;secondly ;thirdly（.第一.第二.第三.）.如： Fake commodities(伪劣产品) prevail (泛滥) in many places of our country because of three reasons. Firstly, our economy is developing very fast. Secondly, some profitteers( 牟取利益的人)try to make and sell fake commodities. Finally, the punishment is not severe enough. (6)总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 There are five people in my family. My father is a professor of chemistry at the University of California. My mother is a very good piano teacher in a high school. My two elder brothers study at Michigan State University. And I myself am a middle school student. 课文：The U.S. is definitely a telephone country. Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social appointments, to say “ thank you”, to shop and to obtain