英语文体学知识重点[1]

Chapter 1 IntroductionWhat is the English Stylistics？it is a science that deals with the research for a wide variety of the styles of written and oral English in English language。What are language functions？a)to deliver some infor to other peopleb)to communicate with each other in societyhow do we express ourselves in a proper way？Several factors do work。a)ponnet icsB) vocbularyc)gramerd)some knowledge concerning English stylisticsthe correctness in using the language can not replace the appropriate ness in language communication . why？Four examples:a)“hello”和“hi”b)“assist me！Assist me！And aid！Aid！单击c)“that s all right” thats to say . “its o.k .”D) See next paged)“I am terribly sorry to hear that your husband has just died，but dont let it upset you too much .youre an attractive，Young lady . I m pretty sure it is very easy for you to find some one else soon . the effects of language expressions are some times related to some non-linguistic factors。A) sex -“哦，我的好！单击b)age-“cheers！”And bye for now . c)vocation-“watch the birde”d)received education-“go to w . c .”e)social station-“what prompted you to apply for this job？”why should we learn and study English stylistics？a)it will help us to express ourselves in English properly。b)it will help us to know something about language features of a variety of English written styles。c)it will help us to select a proper way for getting the best language effects and attaining our communicative purposes。d)it will help us to go at literary criticism。e)it will help us to do the translation work well。chapter 2 language description stylistic analysisthere are 4 phonetic means in English :(1)stress 2)into nation 3)pause 4)voice quality。strss has sever al apparent stylistic and gramma functions。(1)the first function is for emphasis。(2)the second function is to change the meaning or the part of speech of some words，or both .(3)the third function is to differ some English words(4)the fourth function is to show somene s surprise，anger，fear，doubt，pleasure，o nation can be employed to express people s happines，sadness，cerainty，hesitation，depression，etc .there are 5 pitches in phonetics :(1)the falling pitch is used to show the meanine of definitions，cerainty and completed ness。(2)the rising pitch is employed to show the meaning of in definitions，uncertainty and in completed ness。(3)the fall-rise pitch is used to give people some encouragement or give people a warning。(4)the rise-fall pitch is employeed to give people a sincere praise or to show the feeling of shock。(5)the level pitch is used to give account on something happened in the past。Pause can be divided into two。A) voiced pause b) silent pauseSome useful rhetorical devices1.持续时间和inverse2.Parallelism and antithesisClimax和反climax4.Repetitionchapter 3 oral style and written styleseveral occasions for using oral style :1.In literary masterpieces2.in everyconversion3.In informal speechesthe differences between oral communication and written communication1.使用some gestures(body language)in oral communication s2.use a statement as a question in oral communication3.使用some pure oral words in oral communicationthe comparison of language styles in oral style and in written styleWhat can be used with oral style？(1)slangs 2)bog words 3)abbreviations 4)phrasharal verbs 5)idiomsWhat can be used with written style？(1)scientific English 2)legal English 3)religous English 4)formal speech 5)official documentschapter 4 formal style informal stylefive styles were advanced by Martin joos in the book“the five clocks”1) frozen style : legal items，historic literature，the documents for international conferences，etc .2)formal style : this style is usually used to deliver some infor on formal occasions。3)consultative style : with this style people usually offer some background information。it is usually employeed in business activities。(4)casual style : people usually use it between friends，acquaintances，or insiders . its main feature is that people usualy empple5)intimate style : it is usually used between husband wife。more over it is employed in jargons some times。chapter 6 society deviation in Englishwhat is society deviation in English？society deviation is something about socieal dialects。Black English Vernacular:(土语)urban black Englishwhat are the reasons for you to know black English vernacular？n(1)it will help us to know the status que of AE。(2)it will help to read some novels in American literature。Chapter 7 Time Deviation in Englishthree stages of the development of English language1)the 1st stage is from 449 to 1100(old English)。(the verbs in old English can be divided into two categories-one is strong verbs and another is weak verbs。the past tense forms of most of weak Verbs are with the ending-CEC，-ode，or-de after the original weak verbs .2) the 2nd stage is from 1100 to 1500(中间引擎)。(at that time“HW”in old English beame“wh”and“CW”beame“qu”)3)the 3rd stage is from 1500 to present time(modern English)。(there are two remarkable features in modern English。）(1)there are many loans in modern English。from Japanese/from French/from Latin/from Chinese。(2) there are some neologies(新单词)in Modern English。the application of