2011年高考英语第一轮知识点梳理复习

.高频单词思忆1.Theystartedactoprotectthewildlife.2.Recentlytheyhaveheldafierceaabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofads.3.Itscofyoutoincludeme.4.Iurgemycolleaguestojoinusinsofthisplan.,基础落实,Book4Unit1Womenofachievement,ampaign,rgument,onsiderate,upport,5.Thereisaclosecbetweensmokingandlungcancer.6.Thefirstperiodoftheengineering_(项目)isnowcomplete.7.Heisa_(专家)ingeography.8.Hegainedourrespectbyhisgreat_(成就).9.Ajazzbandprovidedthe_(娱乐),whileweateanddrankunderthestars.10.Mindyour_(举止)！Itsbadmannerstodolikethat.,onnection,project,specialist,achievements,entertainment,behavior,.重点短语再现1._离开；起程2._过着的生活3._(想法、问题等)涌上心头4._蔑视；瞧不起5._查阅；谈到；参考6._(偶然)遇见7._碰巧；凑巧8._继续；坚持9._献身于10._判死刑11._为设计12._某人自己的,moveoff,leada.life,crowdin,lookdownupon/on,referto,comeacross,bychance,carryon,devote.to.,putsb.todeath,beintendedfor,ofonesown,.典型句式运用1.FollowingJaneswayofstudyingchimps，ourgroupareallgoingtovisitthemintheforest.我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。现在进行时除表示现在外,还可以表示_,用进行时表示一种期待感，比较生动。常用的动词有：come,go,leave,start,begin,arrive,stay,take,stop等。,考点提炼,将来常有的意图、安排或打算等,2.Watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisourfirstactivityoftheday.我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。watchingafamilyofchimpswakeup是_,在句中作_。动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。,考点提炼,动名词短语,主语,3.Sheisleadingabusylifebutshesays：“OnceIstop,itallcomescrowdinginandIrememberthechimpsinlaboratories.”她的生活是繁忙的，然而，她却说：“我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。”onceIstop是once引导的_从句,主句是由_连接的两个并列分句,crowdingin为现在分词短语作伴随状语，修饰comes。,考点提炼,时间状语,and,4.Isaytomyself，“Arenttheylucky?”我会对自己说，“难道它们不幸运吗？”arent.是否定式疑问句，表示“_？”，可以用来表示责备等。5.WhynotstudyatmedicalcollegelikeLinQiaozhiandcarryonhergoodwork?为什么不像林巧稚那样去医学院学习然后继续她的有益的事业呢？Why(not)dosth.是一个很常见的句型。_形式有时还含有责备的意味;_形式则常用来表示建议。Whycomesolate?为什么这么晚才来？Whynotaskhim?为什么不问问他呢？,考点提炼,考点提炼,难道不吗,肯定,否定,重点单词1.argueShehas_thatwildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewild.(回归课本P2)观察思考Theyarguedtheplanforalongtime.他们就该计划辩论了很长时间。Werealwaysarugingwitheachotheraboutmoney.我们总是为钱吵嘴。,导练互动,argued,Hewastootiredtoarguethepoint.他太累了，不想讨论这个问题。归纳总结argue_。arguewithsb.on/about/oversth.与某人争论某事argueagainst/for为反对/赞成而辩论o/outofdoingsth.说服某人做/不做某事arguethat-clause辩论说argumentn.争论，辩论；论据；理由anargumentagainst反对的理由anargumentfor/infavorof赞成的理由putforwardanargument提出论点,vi.观测者;遵守者observationn.观测，监测，观察，观察力underobservation在观察中;在监视中即学即用Thoughhavinglivedabroadforyears,manyChinesestill_thetraditionalcustoms.A.performB.possessC.observeD.support解析observe在此句中意为“遵守,奉行(法律、协议或习俗等)”。句意为：尽管在国外居住了这么多年，许多中国人仍然遵循着传统的风俗习惯。,C,3.respectForfortyyearsJaneGoodallhasbeenoutspokenaboutmakingtherestoftheworldunderstandand_thelifeoftheseanimals.(回归课本P2)观察思考Ideeplyrespecthiscourage.=Ideeplyrespecthimforhiscourage.我深深敬佩他的勇气。Werespecthimasagreatleader.我们敬重他是伟大的领袖。,respect,Atwominutesilencewasheldasamarkofrespect.人们静默两分钟以示尊敬。Inthisrespectweareveryfortunate.在这方面我们是很幸运的。归纳总结respect_。have/showrespectfor尊敬，尊重；重视holdsb.inrespect尊敬某人innorespect无论在哪方面都不是，完全不是withrespectto关于，就来说,vt.交出某物deliversb.(fromsth.)拯救/解救某人deliveron不负所望；履行诺言deliveraspeech/lecture发表演讲,v.递送；接生；发表(演说等),即学即用(1)一些新书已被送到学校。Somenewbooks_totheschool.(2)昨天校长在大会上发言了。Theheadmaster_atthemeetingyesterday.,havebeendelivered,deliveredaspeech,5.considerationWhatmadehersucceedlateronwasthekindnessand_sheshowedtoallherpatients.(回归课本P6)观察思考Afterafewmomentsconsideration，hebegantospeak.他考虑了片刻后开始讲话。Theirkindnessandconsiderationwillnotbeforgotten.人们不会忘记他们的友善和体贴。,consideration,Hehasnevershownmuchconsiderationforhiswifesfeelings.他从不顾及他妻子的感情。归纳总结consideration_。inconsiderationof.考虑到，顾及oconsideration考虑到;体谅beunderconsideration在考虑中，在审议中giveconsiderationtosth./givesth.consideration考虑某事considerv.考虑；认为considerdoingsth.考虑某事beconsideredtobe/as.被认为；被看作,n.U考虑;体贴;体谅；关心,outofconsiderationfor出于对的关心/体谅showconsiderationforsb./sth.体谅/关心considerateadj.考虑周到的；体谅的；体贴的considerableadj.相当多/大/重要的即学即用(1)他们考虑到他还年轻没给他重活。Theydidntgivehimheavywork_hisyouth.(2)老师说对于学生的要求他会予以考虑的。Theteachersaidthathewould_therequestofthestudents.,in,considerationof,takeinto,consideration,6.intendIlookedcarefullyatthetextandrealizedthatitwas_forwomeninthecountryside.(回归课本P6)观察思考Thiskindofbicycleisintendedforpeoplewhoistootall.这种自行车是专为身材过高的人设计的。Thisdictionaryisintendedforchildren.这本词典是给小孩用的。,intended,Ididntintendhertoseethispaintinguntilitwasfinished.我本来不想在这幅画还没完成之前让她看到。Today,Iintendtofinishreadingthisbook.今天我打算读完这本书。归纳总结intend_。(1)intendsb.todosth.打算让某人做某事endsb./sth.for打算使成为；想让从事某事,vt.意指，愿意；计划，打算，意欲,打算做某事,beintendedtodosth./forsth.是用来intendthat.打算，想hadintendedtodosth.(=intendedtohavedonesth.)过去本打算做(2)intentionn.意图；打算；目的byintention故意havenointentionofdoing.无意做withtheintentionof抱有目的；打算withoutintention无意中，不是故意地,即学即用(1)我本来是打算去北京的，但我没买到票。I_toBeijing,butIdidntgettheticket.(2)Shewentoutwiththedoorunlockedby_althoughsheknewearlythatitwouldresultintheft.A.accidentB.intentionC.chanceD.purpose解析byintention=onpurpose故意;bychance=byaccident偶然。,intendedtohavegone,B,重点短语与句型eacrossBychanceI_anarticleaboutadoctorcalledLinQiaozhi,aspecialistinwomensdiseases.(回归课本P6)观察思考Icameacrosshiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上无意中碰到了他。Whilecleaningtheroomyesterday,Icameacrossanoldphotoofmymother.我昨天清扫房间时,意外地发现一张我母亲的照片。,cameacross,归纳总结comeacross意为:_。Howcome?为什么？怎么会？怎么搞的？comeabout发生comealong一起来；一道走comedownto下垂到；达到；流传下来comeon得啦；快点comeout出来；出版；开花cometo达到；总计为；结果是cometooneself(昏迷后)苏醒过来；恢复理性comeup上来；(从土中)长出，发芽comeupwith提出；想出cometrue实现,(偶然)遇上，碰见；发现,即学即用(1)Itsalready10oclock.Iwonderhowit_thatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.A.cameoverB.cameoutC.cameaboutD.cameup解析comeover过去；comeout出来;comeup出现，到来。comeabout发生，符合题意。,C,(2)Haveyou_somenewideas?Yeah.Illtellyoulater.A.comeaboutB.comeintoC.comeupwithD.comeoutwith解析comeabout发生；comeinto进入,得到;comeupwith想出；comeoutwith发表，公布，说出。句意为:你想出新的主意了吗？是的，我过会儿告诉你。,C,8.carryonWhynotstudyatmedicalcollegelikeLinQiaozhiand_hergoodwork?(回归课本P6)观察思考Carryon(with)thegoodwork!好好做下去！Despiteallthenoise,shecarriedonstudying.尽管很吵，她还在继续学习。Negotiationswerecarriedon，inspiteofthefighting.尽管还在打仗，谈判仍在进行。,carryon,归纳总结carryon意为:_。carry.about随身携带carryaway拿走，冲走，掠走；吸引住(某人)carryback将送/带回原地；使某人忆起carryforward过帐，结转carryoff运走，带走；获得(奖项)，夺得carryit/sth.off成功地应付(困难)局面carryout搬出；实施，执行，履行；完成carrythrough达成，贯彻；使渡过难关,继续，继续下去,即学即用(1)我不在的时候你要继续工作。_/GoonwithyourworkwhileImaway.(2)Themealover,themanagerswentbacktothemeetingroomto_theirdiscussion.A.putawayB.takedownC.lookoverD.carryon解析putaway收好,放好,takedown写下,记下;lookover从上面看；查看,检查;carryon继续。句意：吃完饭,经理们回到会议室继续讨论。,Carryonworking,D,9.Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。典例体验_thestresshewasunder.直到那时她才意识到他所承受的压力。_theproblem.只有用这种方法你才能解决问题。,Onlythendidsherealize,Onlyinthiswaycanyousolve,归纳总结此句是only引导的一个_。当only修饰_、_或状语从句，且_时,主句必须用部分倒装结构。(1)否定副词(词组)never，nor,hardly，little，seldom,bynomeans等置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装结构。NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.我从来没有看过这样感人的电影。Bynomeanswillwegiveintothem.我们决不会向他们让步。(2)so或neither/nor表示前者的情况也适用于另一人或物时,其句型为“so/neither/nor+be/助动词/情态,部分倒装句,副,词,介词短语,放在句首,动词+另一主语”。so指肯定情况，意为“也是如此”,neither/nor适用于前者是否定的情况,意为“也不这样”。Lilycantride,neither/norcanLucy.莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。注意如果句意不是“也是如此”,而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的so=indeed)，那么句子不可使用倒装语序。Youforgottotakeyourkeywithyouagain!你又忘记带钥匙了！Oh,mygod.SoIdid!噢，我的天哪，我确实忘了带！,(3)so+adj./adv.+that.引导的结果状语从句结构中,so+adj./adv.置于句首时，句子须用部分倒装。SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood.他英语讲得如此清晰，以致于别人总能理解他的意思。注意that引导的句子不倒装。(4)在非真实条件句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首构成部分倒装结构。Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.若明天下雨，我们就不去爬山了。Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.如果你早点来，你就赶上公共汽车了。,即学即用(1)OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly_howmuchIlovedthem.A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize解析考查部分倒装。“only+状语”放于句首时,主句用部分倒装。(2)Sodifficult_ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.A.IdidfindB.didIfindC.IhavefoundD.haveIfound解析so(such).that结构中,so或such位于句首加强语气时用倒装。,D,B,1.选择恰当的词填空（1）Iambusypreparingfortheweeklytest.IwillgetintouchwithyounextMonday.A.thenB.nowC.nowandthen（2）Wewillbeabletodiscusstheplan,soyouwontdisturbme.A.thenB.nowC.nowandthen,B,A,C,品味构词,串联扩展对立意义的词并列构成新义,nowandthen,hereandthere,upanddown,backtofront,backwardand,forward,once(and)more,(through)thick,andthin,inandout,四面八方,2.利用-spect相关的派生词，品句填词(1)Ifyoudontothers,ofcourseotherswontyou.(2)Theleadercametoourofficeandthecaseofthetheftbecausehesomeonehadstolenit.However,ifyouwanttofindthethiefandthenyoucantjudgeapersonbyhis.Allinall,wethepolicewillbeabletocatchthethiefsoon.,respect,respect,inspected,suspected,aspect,expect,串联扩展,面貌,inspect,怀疑,【例1】Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituation_theycanseethemselvesdifferently.(福建高考)A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where解析当先行词为situation,case,stage,point等时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则定语从句的引导词为where。课文原文Thismeansgoingbacktotheplace_weleftthefamilysleepinginatreethenightbefore.,考题回扣,where,D,【例2】Doyouthinkitsagoodideatomakefriendswithyourstudents?_,Ido.Ithinkitsagreatidea.(安徽高考)A.ReallyB.ObviouslyC.ActuallyD.Generally解析句意为:你认为和你的学生交朋友是个好主意吗？我认为是个好主意。由下句肯定回答可知赞同对方的观点，故用actually。课文原文She_observedchimpsasagrouphuntingamonkey.,C,actually,【例3】Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof_hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.(上海高考)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how解析句意为:作为一个新外交官，他常常考虑在这样的场合中如何更恰当地反应。句中react是不及物动词，不能与what(什么)和which(哪一个)搭配；that没有具体的含义，因此只有how(如何)符合题意。课文原文Shealsodiscovered_chimpscommunicatewitheachother,.,D,how,【例4】Howmuch_shelookedwithoutherglasses!(全国高考)A.wellB.goodC.bestD.better解析句意为:她不戴眼镜看起来好看多了!much修饰比较级，故只有better正确。课文原文Wassheso_clevererthananyoneelse?,much,D,【例5】Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.Thefirsttwoarefree_thethirdcosts$30.(安徽高考)A.whileB.untilC.whenD.before解析句意为:我想知道你的服务收费多少？前两个是免费的，但第三个收费30美元。根据句意,“前两个免费”和“第三个收费30美元”之间是前后对比关系。而until表示“直到时候”；when表示“当时候”;before表示“在之前”，均不合题意。,A,课文原文Everybodysitsandwaitsintheshadeofthetrees_thefamilybeginstowakeupandmoveoff.,while,.品句填词1.Withhergreatefforts,shehasaeverythingshewantedtodo.2.“Haveyoutakenpartineitherofmylasttwoc?”Theofficeraskedthesoldier.3.Ifyouwanttohelpthepoor,youcanjointheo,whichusuallyhassomesuchactivities.4.Heisanagriculturals，whodevotesallhislifetotheresearchintoagriculture.,自主检测,chieved,ampaigns,rganization,pecialist,5.Thelittleboysbadbatthepartymadehisparentsupset.6.Ibytheteacherswords,heisdeterminedtostudyharderthanbefore.7.Inourschool,everyteacherisaskedtowriteoneortwoaaboutteachingeveryyear.8.Everythingtakenintoc,hehasdoneagoodjobthistime.9.Thefamousdoctorhasdhundredsofbabiesduringherlife.10.Itiscofyounottomakeanynoisewhiletheothersarehavingarest.,ehaviour,nspired,rticles,onsideration,elivered,onsiderate,.短语运用carefor,carryon,put.todeath,setup,catchoneseye，devote.to,lookdownupon,ononesown,makeup,workout1.Thegovernmentthecriminals_byhangingthem.2.Weneedanotherthreeplayersto_ateam.3.Heisanindependentchild;hedoesallthethings_.4.AfterheleftIjusttriedto_asnormal.,todeath,makeup,onhisown,carryon,put,5.Theyounggirl_allhersparetimestudyingEnglish.6.Youll_theproblemifyoukeepworkingonit.7.Aspecialhospitalwas_totreatSARSinBeijing.8.Hehatestobe_,sotreathimasourhonoredguest.9.Heisgoodat_sickanimals.10.Iwaslookingthroughthenewspaperandsuddenlyaphoto_.,devotes,workout,setup,lookeddownupon,caringfor,caughtmyeye,to,.完成句子1.Mycarhasbeen_(车况良好)sinceitwasrepaired.2.Mr.Brown_(忠于)hiswife.3.Itis_(仔细考虑是值得的）thewaytosolvetheseproblems.4.BynowI_(迫不及待地想了解)moreabouther.5.Butitwasnothersuccessatuniversity_(使她成名).6.Sheworkedhard_(让尽可能多的国家同意)nottousethem.,ingoodcondition,isdevotedto,worthwhileconsideringcarefully,cannotwaittofindout,thatmadeherfamous,tomakeasmanycountries,aspossibleagree,.单项填空1.Smokinginallpublicplaces，includingbars,restaurants,cafes,andhotels,_prohibitedinNewZealand.Ifyousmoke，pleaseremembertosmokeoutside.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.isbeing解析考查主谓一致及时态。因为句子的主语是smoking，故谓语动词应用单数形式;由句意可知此句是说明一种现在的事实，故用一般现在时，选A项。,A,2.IamsurethispaintingwasnotpaintedbyPicasso.Itsonlyanunsuccessfulfake(赝品)andsoits_.A.pricelessB.invaluableC.worthlessD.precious解析priceless,invaluable和precious都表示“无价的,珍贵的”;而worthless指“不值钱的，没有价值的”，符合句意。3.Wevealwayswantedahouseinthecountry,butwe_aboutwhereitshouldbe.A.arguedB.hadarguedC.willargueD.arearguing解析由前一个分句知后半个分句应使用以现在为起点的时态，故排除A、B、C三项，选D项。,C,D,4.Heistherightpersonyoucanrelyonto_yourresearchwhenyouareonvacationforthenexttwoweeks.A.takeupB.carryonC.fixonD.goover解析考查动词短语辨析。carryonyourresearch继续开展你的研究。takeup干扰性最大，但它的意思是“开始从事”，而由句意“在你的两周度假期间，他就是你可以依赖、继续你的研究的人”可知，研究工作早已经开始，所以应该排除。,B,5._thedangerfromenemyaction,peoplehadtodealwiththelackoffood,clothing,fuelandalmosteverything.A.AsfarasB.AslongasC.AswellasD.Assoonas解析考查固定搭配。句意为：除了来自敌人的危险，人们还要解决缺少食物、衣服、燃料等几乎所有问题。aswellas=inadditionto，besides除了。A、B、D三项只能引导句子。,C,6.Itwasfromtheyear2006_theChinesegovernmentstoppedraisingtaxesfromfarmers.A.sinceB.whichC.whenD.that解析考查强调句型。句意为：从2006年起,中国政府就停止向农民征收税收。这是用强调句型强调时间状语。A项前后时态不对,B项和C项表示定语从句，但如果空格后是定语从句,那么前面句子的意思不完整。,D,7.Believeitornot,intheUnitedStates,40percentofthetoys_aredesignedforadults.A.soldB.sellingC.tosellD.tobeselling解析由于该句谓语是“aredesigned”,所以这里要填的是非谓语动词作后置定语。所填的分词与所修饰的中心词构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，意思是“在美国被卖出的玩具的40%是为成年人设计的”。,A,8.Youprom