2011年高考英语语法专题讲解课件--虚拟语气

,虚拟语气用于条件句,语气及其种类,语气是一种动词形式,随着说话人的意图的不同,动词需要用不同的语气.英语中有三种语气:1.直陈语气(Indicativemood):表示所说的话是一种事实,动词可用各种时态.如:(1).Ithinkyourapproachiscorrect.我认为你的方法是正确的。(2).Thesituationcouldstillberemedied.事情还有挽回的余地。(3).howmanystepsgothroughfromrawmaterialstoproducts?从原料到成品需要多少工序？2.祈使语气(Imperativemood):表示说话人向对方提出请求或命令等,动词用原形.如:(1).Dontmakeanoise.别出声。(2).Remembertoe-mailme.记得给我发电子邮件。,3.虚拟语气(subjunctivemood):虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。如：(1).IwishIcouldhavesleptlongerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.我希望今天早上能多睡一会，但我得起来去上课。(2).Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe(should)takeshortleaveofabsence.医生建议他休几天假。(3).Ifheweretoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.如果他今天出发，星期五前就能到那。,虚拟语气用于条件句,条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。1.真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句和结果从句皆用直陈语气。如：(1).IfIhaveenoughmoney,Iwillbuyacomputer.假若我有钱，我就买台电脑。(2).Iftheykeeponstealing,theywillreapwhattheysow.如果他们继续偷窃，必将自食其果。(3).Ifyouhavenotfinishedwiththatbook,youcankeepitforonemoreday.如果那本书你还没读完，你可以再看一天。,2.非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句和结果从句皆需用虚拟语气。,与现在事实相反的非真实条件句,虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的条件句中时,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were),结果主句的谓语should,would,could,might+动词原形.如:,(1).IamsorryIamverybusynow.IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlycometoseeyou.很抱歉,我很忙。如果有时间我一定去看你了。(2).Ifitwerenotfortheirsupport,wewouldbeinadifficultsituation.要不是有他们的支持，我的处境会很困难。(3).Ifplaceswerealike,therewouldbelittleneedforgeographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。(4).IfIwereyou,Iwouldapplyforthejob.如果我是你，我会申请那份工作。,Exercise:Ifhe_(smoke)less,he_(notcough)somuch.IfI_(be)you,I_(go)tohospital.Ifit_(be)notsnowing,we_(go)out-doors.IfI_(be)you,I_(think)differently.I_(help)himifhe_(ask)me.IfI_(be)abird,I_(be)veryhappy.,smoked,wouldnotcough,were,wouldgo,were,wouldgo,were,wouldthink,wouldhelp,asked,were,wouldbe,与过去事实相反的非真实条件句,虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的条件句中时，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，结果主句的谓语用should,would,could,might+have+过去分词。如：,(1).IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnothavemadesuchamistake.如果当时听了你的话，我就不会犯这样的错误了。(2).Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldnothavefinishedtheworksoeasily.要不是你的帮助，我的工作不会这么容易完成。(3).Ifwehadknownthebasicprinciples,weshouldhavecontrolledtheprocessevenbetter.如果我们知道这些基本原理，我们早就能更好的控制这个工序了。(4).Iffactshadbeencollectedoneweekearlier,weshouldhavehadmoretimetostudythem如个早一个星期收集事实，我们就能有更多的时间研究他们了。,Exercise:Ifyou_(leave)alittleearlier,you_(catch)thetrain.IfI_(finish)thejob,I_(go)tothefilmwithyou.IfI_(know)hernumber,I_(call)her.Ifhe_(notlose)hismoney,he_(buy)thecomputerlastweek.IfI_(know)hername,I_(talk)withher.Ifyou_(get)upearlier,you_(reach)schoolontime.,hadleft,wouldhavecaught,hadfinished,wouldhavegone,hadknown,wouldhavecalled,hadnotlost,couldhavebought,hadknown,wouldhavetalked,hadgot,wouldhavereached,与将来事实相反的非真实条件句,虚拟语气用在与将来事实相反的条件句中时,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)，should+动词原形或wereto+动词原形,结果主句的谓语用should,would,could,might+动词原形.如:,Ifitrainedtomorrow.Ishouldstayathome.如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里。Iftheteacherknewit,hewouldbeangry.万一老师知道了这件事，他会生气的。IwouldnotlosecourageevenifIshouldfailagain.即使再次失败我也不会气馁。IfImadeamistake,Ishouldtrytoremedyit.如果我犯了错误，我就会设法补救。IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitanotherway.要是我来做这件事，我会用另一种方式。,Exercise:Ifit_(notrain),I_(go)tothecinema.IfI_(have)anotherchance,I_(learn)howtousecomputer.Ifit_(snow)thisevening,they_(go)out.IfI_(become)ayoungmanagain,I_(study)harder.Ifhe_(come)tomorrow,I_(speak)tohimaboutit.Ifshe_(become)morebeautiful,she_(be)amodel.,shouldnotrain,wouldgo,weretohave,wouldlearn,weretosnow,wouldnotgo,weretobecome,wouldstudy,weretocome,wouldspeak,Shouldbecome,wouldbe,+动词原形,+have+过去分词,+动词原形,Exercise:(1).EvenifI_(have)themoney,I_(buy)it.(2).I_(try)itagainifI_(be)you.(3).Ifit_(benot)forthewater,theplants_(notlive).(4).IfI_(nothave)thatchancetoshowmyability,I_(notbecame)thepresidentofthisschool.(5).Ifit_(notbe)yourhelp,I_(notbecome)asuccessfulman.,had,wouldnotbuy,wouldtry,were,werenot,wouldnotlive,hadnothad,wouldnothavebecame,hadnotbeen,shouldnothavebecame,(6).Ifyourteacher_(know)thismatternextweek,she_(blame)you.(7).Ifjane_(receive)thisletter,she_(be)happy.(8).Ifthestudents_(do)moreexercisesthey_(notfail)inthisexam.9).Ifyou_(speak)loud