2012专升本：名词性从句 定语 状语从句

名词性从句,定语、状语从句,一。英语简单句：只含有一个主谓结构,1.陈述句AnOlympicMarathonis26milesand385yards,approximately_fromMarathontoAthens.A)distanceB)isthedistanceC)thedistanceD)thedistanceis,2.疑问句,1)一般疑问句和特殊疑问句例1：HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?例2：Whatisthemostimportantthingintheworld?2)反意疑问句IfIdontmakeamistake,youusedtoliveinWuhan,_?A)doyouB)dontyouC)didyouD)didntyou,二、英语中的并列句：,1.表示并列关系的并列句通常由and,nor,neithernor和notonlybutalso等连接。例如：Turnonthetelevisionoropenmagazineandyou_advertisementsshowinghappy,balancedfamilies.A)areoftenseeingB)oftenseeC)willoftenseeD)haveoftenseen,2.表示转折关系的并列句通常由but,however,while,evenso，still和yet等连接,例1：_Iadmitthatthereareproblems,Idontthinkthattheycannotbesolved.A)UnlessB)UntilC)AsD)While例2：Johnseemsaniceperson,_Idonttrusthim.A)eventhoughB)evensoC)thereforeD)though,3.表示选择关系的并列句通常由or,otherwise,eitheror等连接；表示因果关系或推论关系的并列句通常由for,therefore等连接。例如：Dresswarmly,_youllcatchcold.A)onthecontraryB)orratherC)orD)innoway,主从复合句,Ilovemoney.(简单句)Iearnmoneyintheproperway.(简单句)IlovemoneyandIearnitintheproperway.（复合句）IlovemoneywhichIearnintheproperway.(主从复合句)WhatIloveismoneywhichisearnedintheproperway.(主从复合句),名词性从句,1.主语从句Thathewillcometothediscussioniscertain.Whetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.Howhemanagedtoaccomplishthejobisofinteresttousall.Whenandwhereweshalldothetestisstillinquestion.Whysheleftmeisstillamysterytome.,为了避免头重脚轻，It做形式主语,Itsnecessary/important/essential+that-clauseItsnecessarythattheclassroom_equippedwithair-conditionerinsummer.BeB.isC.wasD.areItsofimportancethateveryone_hisownparttoprotectournature.A.DoesB.doC.didD.hasdoneItsreported/believed/said/supposed+that-clauseIt+be+N+that-clauseItsafact/surprisethat4.It+VI+that-clauseItappears/happens/occurredtome/turnedout+that-clause,_hewillcomeandhelpyouiscertain._thereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.WhatB.thatC.whetherD.ifcomestothefinishinglinefirstwillbethefirst-prizewinner.WhoeverB.thatC.whomeverD.whoThefirst-prizewinnerwillbegivento_comestothefinishinglinefirst.,Insomecountries_iscalled“equality”doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.（CET-4，1995/6）A)whichB)whatC)thatD)one,Whether和if的区别,主语从句中只能用whether不可用if。whether常与ornot连用，不能用if代替。作介词宾语要用whether不能用if。从句是否定句时一般用if引导。Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Idontknowif(whether)itisinteresting.Hedoesntcareifitisntafineday.,2、表语从句：,Theproblemis(that)theycantgethereearlyenough.Itlooksasifitsgoingtorain.ThatsjustwhatIwant.Thequestioniswho(whichofyou)willbethenextspeaker.Thisiswhereourproblemlies.Thatiswhyhedidntcometothemeeting.,Outputisnowsixtimes_itwasbefore1990.(CET-4,1995/1)A)thatB)whatC)thatwhichD)ofthatThelengthofYangzeriveristwice_ofYellowriver.Waterwillcontinuetobe_itistoday-nextinimportancetooxygen.A.howB.whichC.asD.what,3、宾语从句：,1）做及物动词的宾语Idontknowif(whether)itisinteresting.。Hedoesntcareifitisntafineday.（从句是否定句时一般用if引导。）Ibelieve(that)heishonest.Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.,BysuccessIdontmean_usuallythoughtofwhenthatwordisused.(CET-4,1996/6)A)whatisB)thatweC)asyouD)allisThisbookwillshowthereaders_canbeusedinothercontexts.(CET6,1996/1)A)howthattheyhaveobservedB)thathowtheyhaveobservedC)howwhattheyhaveobservedD)thattheyhaveobservedTheteachertoldushowwhatwethinkcanberealized.Thebookshowshowwhatisconsideredastruemaynotbetrue.Thebosstellseveryonewhenwhatisdecidedshouldbedone.,2）做介词宾语,Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.Wemustmakeitclearthatanyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.Illseeto_everythingisreadyontime.A.itB.thatC.itthatD.what,3)做形容词的宾语,Imnotsurewhetheritwillrainornot.Thebosswaspleasedthatthetaskhadbeenfinishedaheadoftheschedule.,4、同位语从句：,同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact,news,idea,hope,thought,question,order,fear,doubt,word,proof，belief,story等。Thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonspreadallovertheworld.Thenewsthathasspreadallovertheworldisthathehadlandedonthemoon.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.,重点：同位语从句有时不是紧跟在名次的后面,Thethoughtcametohim_Maryhadprobablyfallenill.ThatB.whatC.whichD.it,重点精炼,1.ShewantedtoknowAwhetherIknewherandwheredidsheworkBifIknewherandthefactorysheworkedthereCwhertherIknewherandthefactorysheworkedDifIknewherandthefactorywheresheworked,2.AsimpleexperimentshowsairhassomestrengthAwhatBThatCwhichDWho3IcantunderstandishewantstochangehismindAThat,thatBWhich,whatCWhat,whatDWhat,why,4Itispossiblehemisunderstood_IsaidAthat,thatBwhat,whatCwhat,thatDthat,what5ThethoughthemightfailintheexamworriedhimAwhichBthatCwhenD/,6IhavewillbeyourssoonerorlaterANomatterwhatBNomatterwhateverCWhateverDThat7HealwaysthinkshecandomoreforthepeopleAofhowBhowCofthatDwhy,8WethinkitimportantcollegestudentsshouldmasteratleastoneforeignlanguageAwhichBThatCWhatDWhether9.ThetownisnolongeritwastenyearsagoAwhichBthatCwhatDwhen,10WordcameIwaswantedattheofficeAwhichBwhyCthatDWhether11nothingtodowithusAWhathedidisBWhathehasdonehaveCWhatdidhedoDWhathehasdonehas12TheproblemiswillgoAthatBthatwhoCwhoDwhoever,13thereislifeonanotherplanetisalmostimpossibleAHowBThatCWhyDWhether14wasawell-knownfactAThattheirteamwasweakBThattheirteambeingweakCTheirteamwasweakDIftheirteamwasweak,定语从句,1定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关联词。2定语从句在选择关连词that与which时，常常容易出错，所以应记住什么时候只能用that，什么时候只能用which.（1）只能用that的情况归纳4种：即先行词被序数词最高级修饰过；先行词为all、everything、nothing等不定代词；先行词同时是人和物并列时；最后先行词分别被theonly、theverythesame、thelast修饰。,Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistoworkoutaplan.Italmostseemedasifthegoodmanweretryingtoteachusallthatheknewatthislesson.LatermyfatherandMr.Crossettalkedforabouthalfanfourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedinschool.ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttofind.,2）只用which有两种情况：一是非限制性定语从句，关连词要用which；二是做介词宾语时只能用which。,Isaidnothing,whichmadehimmoreangry.Ihavethebookaboutwhichyouaretalking.Lightisthefastestthingintheworld,thespeedofwhichis300,000kps.,3).As引导的定语从句,通常As可以放在整句的句首，as本身含有“正如”，thesameas,suchas,soas,在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语Asappearfromherpaper,shehasreadwidelyinRomanticliterature.Sheisremarkable,asIhavetoldyou.ThisisthesamecomputerasIhavebought.Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.,4.Who做宾语,SheisthenewstudentIwanttointroducetoyou.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose,5.关联词whose,Theprofessor_daughterteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams.Theprofessor,thedaughterof_teachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose,Thebike_brakewasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.Thebikethebrakeof_wasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.A.whichB.whomC.thatD.whose,6).Where=介词+which,Thisistheroomwhereheputupforthenight.Itsthatmeansweachievedourpurposeatlast.InwhichB.whereC.atwhichD.forwhich,真题精炼,1ThelastplacewevisitedwastheGreatWallAwhichBThatCwhereDit2HetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooksinterestedhimgreatlyintheschoolAWhichBWhoCitDthat,3Thereisntsomuchnoiseinthecountry-inbigcitiesAthatBwhichCwhereDas4TheycouldonlyreadsuchstorieshadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglishAthatBwhichCasDwhat,5HisuncleworksinafactorybicyclesaremadeAthatBwhichCwhereDThere6ThereisnodictionaryyoucanfindeverythingAthatBwhichCwhereDinthat,7.Crusoesdoghecameillanddied,-madehimverylonelyAasBwhichCthatDThis8.Johngotbeateninthegame,hadbeenexpectedAasBthatCwhatDwho,9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,writeswellAnoneofwhichBneitherofwhichCnoneofthemDneitherofthem10Therearetwothousandstudentsinourschool,aregirlsAofwhomtwothirdsBtwo-thirdsofthemCtwo-thirdinthemDtwo-thirdsinwhich,11Theoldwomanhastwosons,oneisateacherAofthemBofwhichCofwhomDofwho12MyhometownisnolongerthesameitusedtobeAwhichBasCthatDlike,13IstillrememberthedayshefirstworethatpinkdressAwhichBinwhichConthatDonwhich14Illshowyouastoreyoumaybuyall_youneedAinwhich,/Bwhere,whichCInwhich,thatDthat,that,三，状语从句,1、时间状语从句2、地点状语从句3、原因状语从句4、目的状语从句5、结果状语从句6、条件状语从句7、方式状语从句8、让步状语从句9、比较状语从句,1、时间状语从句,WhenIcameintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.Whilehewaswritingaletter,Icameintotheroom.Weshallgotherewheneverwearefree.Wewaitedtill(until)hecameback.-itwasraining,theywentout.A.WhileB.whenC.asD.what,Hardly/rarely/scarecelywhennosoonerthan,Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadwegottothestationthanthetrainleft.Hardlyhadwebegunwhenweweretoldtostop.,2.地点状语从句,Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherethereiswaterthereislife.Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.,3.原因状语从句,Sinceeveryoneishere,letsbeginourmeeting.AshedidntknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthedictionary.Now(that)theweatherhasclearedup,wecanstartourjourney.Seeing/considering(that)hewasbadlyill,wesentforthedoctor.,Inthat=because,14.Criticismandself-criticismisnecessary_ithelpsustocorrectourmistakes.sincethatB.inthatC.duetoD.becauseof15._wehavefinishedalltheexams,wellhaveagoodtimeenjoyingourselves.(04)A.AfterthatB.NowthatC.UnlessthatD.Until,4,条件状语从句,Unless=ifnot1.Iwontpaythem_theyworkharder(02)AifBincaseCunlessDLestProvided/providing=onconditionthat_thatyoupromisenottotellanynoneelse,Illexplainthesecret.AifB/CunlessDprovided,Incase(that)=intheeventthat=lestincaseof=intheeventof,IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.Pleaseturnoffthepower_fire.IneventofB.incaseofC.IncaseD.intheeventthat,Given+名词,_timeandmoney,Iwanttotravelaroundtheworldagain._anotheropportunity,Iwouldnothavelethergo._sifficientfund,theprojectwoulldnthavefailed.A.providedB.providingC.GivenD.giving,5,让步状语从句,“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。Although(Though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.Wewerenottiredthough(although)wehadworkedallday.,Nomatter+who/where/when/how/what=whoever/wherever/whenever/however/whatever,Nomatterhowbusyhewas,hestudiedEnglisheveryday.Nomatterwhotakesupthematterforme,Ishallbeverygrateful.Whateverhappens/mayhappen,weshallnotloseheart.Whoevercomes,hewillbewelcome.,Adj/adv/n+as,Childasheis,heknowsalot.Coldasitis,(=Thoughitiscold,)thechildrenplayoutdoors.我很丑，但是我很温柔。,Whetherornotbeitor,Whetheritrainsornot,Iwillcometomorrow.Iwillcometomorrow,beitrainorshine.AllnationsshouldhaveanequalseatinUN,_itbigorsmall,richorpoor.A.whetherB.beC.whatD.if,Butfor+名词=Ifitwerenotmuchas+句子,_yourprompthelp,Iwouldhavefailedinthisproject.MuchasB.butforC.ifnotD.unless_Iwanttohelpyou,Idontknowhow.A.MuchasB.butforC.ifnotD.unless,6,方式状语从句,As;Asso;like/unlike,asif/thoughDrawacatasItaughtyou.Doasyouaretold.Shelooksasifsheisill.Heactedasif(though)nothinghadhappened.(虚拟),_herunhelpfulsister,sheisquitewarm-hearted.AsB.unlikeC.likeD.for,7，比较状语从句,Hedoesntrunso(as)fastasJack(does).HenryisnotsuchagoodworkerasPeter.HenryisnotsogoodaworkerasPeter.Shehasmadegreaterprogressthisyearthanshedidlastyear.HeboughtfewerbooksthanI(did).,Americanseat_astheyactuallyneedeveryday.A)twiceasmuchproteinB)twiceproteinasmuchC)twiceproteinasmuchD)proteinastwicemuch,Themoreticketsyousell,themoremoneyyouwillget.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.Thesooner,thebetter.Thewarmer,thebetter._myfuturehusbandis,_Iwillbe.Thericher,themorehappyThemorerich,thehappierThericher,thehappierThemorerich,themorehappy,what,Wateristothefish_airistotheman.Foodistothebody_bookistothemind.A.AsB.whatC.likeD.asif,Besuperior/inferiorto,Asfarastherankofpositionisconcerned,anassociateprofessoris_toaprofessorthoughtheyrealmostequallyknowledgeable.A)attachedB)subsidiaryC)previousD)inferiorMenssuperiority_womenarereflectedinallwalksoflifeandeveryaspectsofsociallife.toB.againstC.forD.with,8,目的状语从句,IshallwritedownyourtelephonenumberthatImaynotforget.Welltellyouthetruthsothatyoucanjudgeforyourself.Theyworkedharderthanusualinorderthattheycouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.,虚拟：Incase/forfear/intheeventthat=lest,Putonmorecloth