2012动词时态和语态(含高考真题)

动词时态和语态,一.一般现在时态：1.一般用法:1表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用.时间状语:every,sometimes,at,onSunday。e.g.Heoftengoestothecinema.2表示现在的能力、特征、职业等,e.g.Hesingswell.（能力）3表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实,e.g.Knowledgeispower.（客观真理）,2.特别用法:1主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g.IllwritetoherwhenIhavetime,2让步状语从句和方式状语从句用一般现在时表将来,e.g.Whetheryouhelphimornot,hewillfail.NexttimeIlldoashesays.3表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,e.g.Thetrainleavesat12:00.,二.一般过去时态（did式）:1.基本用法:1表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态:时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等Heboughtthecomputerfiveyearsago.2)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g.Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would,usedto,e.g.Heusedtogotoworkbybus.,2.特别用法:过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气:1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等:Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.能不能帮我一下。2)情态动词could,would。e.g.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?能借用一下你的自行车吗？,三.一般将来时（will/shalldo）:1.will表示没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事,e.g.-Youforgettoclosethedoor.-Oh,Illcloseitatonce.will表意愿Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.,2.begoingto+不定式，表示将来。主语的意图，即将做某事。e.g.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？b.计划，安排要发生的事。e.g.Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。这出戏下月开播。c.有迹象要发生的事。e.g.Lookatthedarkclouds;thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。,3.be+不定式表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事;命中注定的事;命令。e.g.WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4.beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做某事。e.g.HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他马上要去北京。注意：beabouttodo不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。5.bedueto与时间表,旅行计划等有关。e.g.Thetrainisduetoleaveat7:00.,四.现在完成时（have/hasp.p.）1.基本用法:1影响性用法:表示一个动作发生在过去,已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果,e.g.Hehasleftthecity.（结果:他不在这个城市）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.（结果:窗户仍破着）2持续性用法:表示一个动作从过去持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束,e.g.Wehavebeenbusythisafternoon.,2.用现在完成时的典型场合:1“since过去时间”或“since接that从句（从句中用一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时,e.g.Ihaventseenhersincelastweek.WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?2句中有sofar/in（for/during）thepast（last）years（months）/uptonow/untilnowe.g.Sofartherehasbeennonews.3“It/This/Thatisthefirst（second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/Thatistheonlythat从句”或“It/This/Thatisthe最高级that从句”e.g.,It/This/ThatisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoZhejiang.It/This/ThatistheonlypartythatIhaveeverreallyenjoyedinmylife.It/This/ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.（注:以上句型把is改为was,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）,3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:1)现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果,而一般过去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,already,recently,lately等,e.g.Ivelivedherefortenyears.（现在仍住在这儿）Ilivedherefortenyears.（现在不住在这儿）Hehasboughtahouse.（现在已拥有这房子）Heboughtahouse.（现在拥不拥有这房子,不知道,只是知道买了房子,现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了）,五.现在完成进行时（have/hasbeenv-ing）1.一般用法:表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止,e.g.Ithasbeenrainingsincetwodaysago.,-Isntithardtodrivedowntowntowork?-Yes,thatswhyI_toworkbytrain.havebeengoinghavegonewasgoingtowillhavegone,六.过去完成时（hadp.p.）1.表示过去的过去时间状语before,by,until,when,after,oncee.g.Ihadhardlyopenedthedoorwhenhehitme.用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间是“过去的过去”。2.want/think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等动词的过去完成时不定式的一般式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等e.g.Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.（Imeanttohavecome,butsomethinghappened.）Ihadintendedtospeakatthemeeting,buttimedidntpermit.（Iintendedtohavespokenatthemeeting,buttimedidntpermit.）,3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时:1“It/This/Thatwasthefirst（second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/Thatwastheonlythat从句”或“It/This/Thatwasthe最高级that从句”2by（theendof)/bythetime过去时间,e.g.Wehadlearnt3,000wordsbytheendoflastterm.Bythetimehecameback,wehadrepairedthemachine.3nosoonerthan;hardly/scarcelywhenNosoonerhadhegonetothegardenthanhissonwenttoplaywithhisclassmates.Hardlyhadheheardthenewswhenhecried.,七.将来完成时（will/shallhavep.p.）1.表示到将来某一时间为止会完成的动作,e.g.Whenwegetthere,shellhavegonetowork.2.by（theendof）将来时间,e.g.Wewillhavelearnt3,000wordsbytheendofnextterm.Bythetimehecomesback,wewillhaverepairedthemachine.3.与用一般现在时态表示将来一样,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来,e.g.IllgowithyouwhenIhavefinishedmywork.等我完成工作以后我就同你去。,八.现在进行时（bev-ing）:1.表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。e.g.Werehavingameeting.（说话时正在进行的动作）2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Heisteachinginaschool.（目前这个阶段正在进行的动作）3.现在进行时表示将来,表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g.Imleavingtomorrow.,4.现在进行时与always/forever/constantly/continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g.Shesalwayshelpingothers.5.动词be的现在进行时,表示一时的表现或暂时的状态,e.g.Sheisfoolish.（生性如此）Sheisbeingfoolish.（一时的表现）能这样用的形容词多为angry,careful,clever,stupid,kind,brave,friendly,rude,polite等动态形容词。,不用进行时的动词1）表示事实状态的动词，如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。例如：Ihavetwobrothers.我有两兄弟。Thishousebelongstomysister.这房子是我姐的。2）表示心理状态,情感的动词，如know,realize,think,see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。例如：Ineedyourhelp.我需要你的帮助。Helovesherverymuch.他爱她很深。3）瞬间动词，如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等。例如：Iacceptyouradvice.我接受你的劝告。4）系动词，如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,等。例如：Youseemalittletired.你看上去有点累。,九.过去进行时（was/werev-ing）1.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作,HewasplayingwhileIwasstudying.,-Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!-Oh,Imterriblysorry._.A.ImnotnoticingB.IwasntnoticingC.IhaventnoticeD.Idontnotice,十.将来进行时（will/shallbev-ing）1.基本用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,e.g.WhenIgethomeat9:00tomorrow,mysonwillbewatchingTV.,-Isntithardtodrivedowntowntowork?-Yes,thatswhyI_toworkbytrain.havebeengoinghavegonewasgoingtowillhavegone,语态被动语态的构成方式：be/get+过去分词注意1.主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)2.短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Yourpronunciationshouldbepaidattentionto.3.当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式:（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用从句来表示。如：Heissaidtobeasmartboy.Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.,.,不用被动语态的情况1.不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态。例如：（错）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（对）Thepricehasrisen.（错）Thepricehasraised.（对）Thepricehasbeenraised.（错）Pleaseseat.（对）Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。2.系动词无被动语态，如appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。例如：Itsoundsgood.听上去不错。,主动形式表示被动意义1.表示主语特征、状态的动词wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等。例如：Thebooksellswell.这本书销路好。2.betoblame(受谴责)，betorent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。例如：Iwastoblamefortheaccident.事故发生了，我该受指责。3.在need,require,want,worth（形容词）,deserve后例如：Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.门该修了。,4.在“be+形容词+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。Thiskindofwaterisntfittodrink.Thegirlisnteasytogetalongwith.5.用来做定语和被修饰的名词有动宾关系，又和另一名词或代词有主谓关系的动词不定式。Ihavesomethingtotellyou.,1.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasntstoppedringing.People_toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning2.-Imsorry,butyouarefined$50!Youknowyou_120kmanhour,dontyou?A.aredrivingB.weredrivingC.havedrivenD.haddriven,D,B,3.They_ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe_onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.A.hadbeenworking,arestillworkingB.hadworked,werestillworkingC.havebeenworking,haveworkedD.haveworked,arestillworking,A,4.-Youaredrinkingtoomuch.-Onlyathome.Noone_mebutyou.isseeingB.hadseenC.seesD.saw5.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945,andtheirpower_increasedenormouslyeversince.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen6.WhoisJerryCooper?-_?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.DontyoumeethimyetB.HadntyoumethimyetC.DidntyoumeethimyetD.Haventyoumethimyet,c,C,D,7.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_forLondontoattendameeting.A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.left8.Thecrazyfans_patientlyfortwohours,andtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.A.werewaitingB.hadbeenwaitingC.hadwaitedD.wouldwait9.-IhearJaneshasgonetotheHolyIslandforherholiday.-Oh,hownice！Doyouknowwhenshe_?A.wasleavingB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left,C,B,D,10.Idontknowifhe_.Ifhe_,Illletyouknow.A.willcome;willcomeB.comes;comesC.willcome;comesD.comes;willcome11.-Katehascomebackhomefromherlongholidaysabroad.-Oh,really?I_._visither.A.didntknow;IllgoandB.dontknow;IllgoandC.dontknow;I,mgoingtoD.didntknow;Imgoingto,C,A,12.Ireallydontthinkkettywillmindit,butyoudbettergoandseeherincaseshe_.A.doesB.doC.willmindD.hasminded13.-Howaretheteamplaying?-Theyareplayingwell,butoneofthem_hurt.A.gotB.getsC.areD.were14.Dontdisturbher.She_lettersallthemorningandhasfinishedeight.A.waswritingB.haswrittenC.hasbeenwritingD.wrote,A,A,C,15.Inmyopinion,allMr.White_goodtohisstudentsinhisclassatpresent.Heisverystrictintheirstudy.A.doesdoesdoesB.doesdodoC.doesdoesdoD.diddodoes16.Theyintendtogoonwiththeexperimentuntil10oclocktomorrowmorning,andbythenthey_for22hours.A.areworkingB.havebeenworkingC.willbeworkingD.willhavebeenworking17.Becareful!Dontgettheorangejuiceonyourshirt,forit_.A.isntwashingoutB.wontbewashedoutC.IsntwashedoutD.wontwashout,C,D,D,18.Thewater_coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels19.Oh,whereismywallet?MaybeIleftitinthecar.-You_thingsbehind!A.arealwaysleavingB.wereleavingC.haveleftD.alwaysleave20.Mybrother_homefortwoyearsandwehaventheardfromhimeversincehe_.A.hasleft;leftB.hasbeenaway;wasawayC.hasbeenawayfrom;leftD.left;wasaway,C,A,C,22MyformerEnglishteacher,who_inourschoolforover20years,nowlivesinhishometown.A.hasworkedB.workedC.hadworkedD.works23.Thenotice_“Nosmoking”.A.istoldB.readsC.tellsD.isread24.-Youlooktired.-Yes.I_non-stopuntil8oclock.A.hadworkedB.hadbeenworkingC.haveworkedD.wasworking,B,B,D,25.YoudbetternotcallMr.Greenbetween7and8thisevening,forhe_animportanttalkthen.willhaveB.wouldhaveC.willbehavingD.willhavehad,C,08高考：动词时态、语态01、(08全国卷I27)HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?Yes,sinceshe_theChineseSociety.A.hasjoinedB.joinsC.hadjoinedD.joined02、(08全国卷I29)Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrowwhenacoldfront_toarrive.A.isexpectedB.isexpectingC.expectsD.willbeexpected03、(08全国卷II11)Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit_allday.A.rainedB.rainsC.hasrainedD.israining,D,A,A,04、(08全国卷II14)Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they_theirsalesby20percent.A.willincreaseB.havebeenincreasingC.haveincreasedD.wouldbeincreasing05、(08北京卷21)Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe_notsmoke,andhehasnotsmokedeversince.A.mightB.shouldC.couldD.would.06、(08北京卷22)HaveyoureadbookcalledWaitingforAnya?Who_it?A.writesB.haswrittenC.wroteD.hadwritten07、(08北京卷27)Thehotelwasntparticularlygood.ButI_inmanyworsehotels.A.wasstayingB.stayedC.wouldstayD.hadstayed,A,D,C,D,08、(08北京卷29)Nodecision_aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.A.willbemadeB.ismadeC.isbeingmadeD.hasbeenmade09、(08上海春卷29)Populationexpertspredictthatmostpeople_incitiesinthenearfutureliveB.wouldliveC.willliveD.havelived10、(08上海春卷31)Officialssaythatfewpatients_withthevirusowingtotheeffectivepreventioninfectedB.areinfectedC.haveinfectedD.beinfected,A,C,B,11、(08上海卷28)-DoyouknowifTerrywillgocampingthisweekend?-Terry?Never!She_tentsandfreshair!A.hashatedB.hatedC.willhateD.hates12、(08上海卷32)Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs_asbusinesstomakeaprofit.A.haverunB.havebeenrunC.hadbeenrunD.willrun13、(08天津卷14)He_footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.A.wasplayingB.playedC.hasplayedD.hadplayed,D,B,B,14、(08重庆卷23)JudyisgoingtomarrythesailorsheinRomelastyear.A.meetsB.metC.hasmetD.wouldmeet15、(08重庆卷31)HeasanationalheroforwinningthefirstgoldmedalforhiscountryintheOlympics.A.regardedB.wasregardedC.hasregardedD.hadbeenregarded16、(08重庆卷35)Teenagerstheirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.A.havedamagedB.aredamagingC.damagedD.willdamage,B,B,B,17、(08辽宁卷23)Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe_eachotherforyears.A.knewB.haveknownC.hadknownD.know18、(08辽宁卷29)Haveyougotanyjoboffers?No.I_.A.waitedB.hadbeenwaitingC.havewaitedD.amwaiting19、(08山东卷25)Bythetimeherealizeshe_intoatrap,itllbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A.walksB.walkedC.haswalkedD.hadwalked,C,D,C,20、(08江苏卷33)ImsureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.Ithinkso.He_foritformonths.A.ispreparingB.waspreparingC.hadbeenpreparingD.hasbeenpreparing21、(08江西卷32)Doyouthinkweshouldacceptthatoffer?-Y