2013年中考英语语法专题复习 被动语态

被动语态,学习目标,1.掌握被动语态的用法2.掌握如何将主动语态变成被动语态,英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态,A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的对象)。被动语态的谓语构成:助动词be动词过去分词,什么时候要用被动语态呢？,在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态,主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：,Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.,Ourclassroom,iscleaned,主语,谓语,宾语,byus,everyday,结构：主动语态：主语谓语宾语,被动语态：,主语,be+过去分词,by+宾语,即:、主变宾、宾变主,谓语动词变被动。”(注:主变宾即主语变为介词by宾语),注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。且be动词和新主语保持一致。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。,归纳总结方法,把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、”来进行。即：变把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。套根据原句的时态套用相应时态。注意注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。例：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishbymanypeople.Hewashedhisshoesyesterday.Hisshoesbyhimyesterday.,isspoken,werewashed,一变,二套,三注意,各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表,在被动语态中要注意的问题,一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感官动词(see,hearwatch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如：Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.Isawhimenterthehouse.Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.注意当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被动),使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表,go,把下列主动句改为被动句,Lilywritesmanyletterseveryday.(主动)Theyvisitedthisfarmlastyear.（主动）Wehavelearned3000Englishwordssofar.（主动）,Manyletters,arewritten,byLily,everyday.,Thisfarm,wasvisited,bythem,lastyear.,3000Englishwords,havebeenlearned,byus,sofar.,把下列主动句改为被动句,1.Theboycleanedthedeskamomentago.Thedeskwascleanedbytheboyamomentago.2.Wewillplant2000treesnextyear.2000treeswillbeplantedbyusnextyear.3.Youmustkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.Theroommustbekeptcleanandtidybyyou.4.Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Thethiefhasbeencaughtbythepolice.5.Thefarmersarecuttingdownthetreesonthehill.Thetreesonthehillarebeingcutdownbythefarmers.,1.Shewaterstheflowerseveryday,Theflowers,everyday.,arewatered,byher,3.Theydotheirhomeworkafterschool.,Theirhomeworkisdonebythemafterschool.,2.Iboughtacomputerlastterm,Acomputerwasbought(byme)lastterm.,4.Ourstudentsmustntsmokecigarettes.,Cigarettesmustntbesmokedbyourstudents.,5.ChinesepeoplebuilttheGreatWallmanyyearsago.,TheGreatWallwasbuiltbyChinesepeoplemanyyearsago.,FillintheblankswiththePassiveVoice.1、Tea_(grow)inFujian.2、Chinese_(speak)inChina.3、T