2011届高考英语复习课件：动词

动词,动词,动词(Verbs)是最复杂的一种词类。它既可以表示动作，又可以表示状态；它有人称和数的变化，而且必须与主语的人称和数保持一致；它还有一些特有的语法特征，如时态，语态和语气。动词可分为五类：及物动词、不及物动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。常考动词的词义与搭配,I.动词的基本形式,动词原形VerbStem一般现在时第三人称单数形式ThirdPersonSingularPresentTenseForm过去式PastTenseForm过去分词PastParticiple现在分词PresentParticiple,一般现在时第三人称单数形式的构成,过去式和过去分词的构成,现在分词的构成,II.动词的分类,及物动词不及物动词系动词(be,become,get,go,seem,smell,turn,stay等)助动词时态助动词(be,have,will/would,shall/should)do助动词情态动词,a.及物动词(TransitiveVerbs),及物动词后要接宾语，这类动词很多，常见的有：avoid,buy,catch,cut,describe,discuss,enjoy,exchange,expect,get,give,have,lack,love,make,need,protect,recommend,record,provide,risk,support,trust,upset,want,welcome等。,1.接双宾语的及物动词,有些及物动词可以接双宾语，常见的这类动词有：bring,buy,choose,do,get,give,hand,find,keep,order,pass,pay,promise,read,return,same,sell,show,sing,teach,tell,wish等。例：Suchanarrangementwillsaveusalotoftrouble.（08徽）-Areyouhappywithyournewcomputer?-No,itis_mealotoftrouble.A.showingB.leavingC.givingD.sparing,C,2.接复合宾语的及物动词,有些及物动词可以接复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语），常见的这类动词有：ask,call,believe,consider,choose,elect,hear,have,imagine,think,get,find,feel,keep,leave,make,name,prove,push,order,teach,tell,wish等。例：Hekeptusalive.他使我们活了下来。,3.与名词搭配表示一次动作的及物动词,have,give,take,make等少数及物动词常和许多名词搭配，表示一次动作。,b.不及物动词(IntransitiveVerbs),不及物动词后不接宾语，常见的不及物动词有：ache,appear,belong,come,cough,crawl,cry,die,disappear,exist,fall,flow,glide,go,happen,hesitate,kneel,laugh,lie,live,pause,sigh,sit,smile,sneeze,swim,travel,weep等。例：Willlookedaroundcarefully.,1.接同源宾语的不及物动词,可接同源宾语的不及物动词有：live,laugh,smile,sleep,die,dream等；同源宾语前往往有定语修饰。例：Idreamedastrangedreamlastnight.LikeHuck,MarkTwainlivedanadventurouslife.,2.与介词搭配组成短语动词的不及物动词,有些不及物动词可与介词搭配组成短语动词(PhrasalVerbs)，相当于及物动词，其后接宾语。例：Hekeptonsayingreallymeanthingstohurtme.IlistenedtomusicbeforeIcouldspeak.,Tips,有些动词与介词或副词搭配构成短语动词，表达一个概念，其作用相当于一个单独的动词。例：arriveat=reachcallon=visitcomeabout=happencarefor=likegoup=risekeepon=promisemakefor=understandputoff=postponeringup=telephone,3.容易混淆的不及物动词和及物动词,lie与layYourbookislyingonthedesk.Ilaidyourbookonthedesk.rise与raiseTheteachersvoicerose.Theteacherraisedhisvoice.sit与seatPleasesitdown.Pleasebeseated.,Tips,英语中有很多动词兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如meet,move,hurt,pass,run,remember,answer,write等。词义有的不变，有的会有所不同。例如：ShecanwritepoemsinEnglish.Shewritesverywell.Gladtomeetyou.Whereshallwemeet?,c.系动词(LinkingVerbs),系动词与其后的表语一起才能表达一个完整的意义。表语多用名词或形容词。常见的系动词有：appear,be,become,fall,get,go,grow,keep,look,prove,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。例如：Heoftenbecameveryexcitedduringthesereadings.MymouthfellopenandIjustlookedathim.,Tips,英语的系表结构中，有一些固定搭配，如：fallasleep/ill/sick;gobad/blind/hungry/pale/red/tired/wrong;growangry/big/cold/calm/dark/fat/hot/loud/old/rich/serious/thin/tall/worse;keepcalm/close/cool/fit/fine/quiet/silent/warm,d.助动词,动词根据其含义和语法功能可分为实义动词(NotionalVerbs)和助动词(AuxiliaryVerbs)。实义动词意义完整，能够独立作谓语，而助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。试比较：Theboydoeshishomeworkeveryday.TheboydoesntdohishomeworkonSundays.,助动词的分类,助动词常用来与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定和疑问结构，以表达说话人的各种情态。助动词可分为时态助动词和do助动词两种。,1.时态助动词,时态助动词有be,have,will/would,shall/should可以用来构成各种时态、语态和语气。例如：WewillgotoAfricafirst.ThemodernOlympicGameswereheldin1896,inAthens.(04沪)ThefirstuseofAtomicweaponswasin1945,andtheirpower_increasedenormouslyeversince.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen,C,2.do助动词,do可帮助构成疑问句和否定句，还可表示强调或代替前面动词以避免重复。例如：Doyoufindhomeworktiringandboring?Asyoucansee,Ididescape.Walkingandridingyourbikecount,andsodoschoolsports.,III.常考动词的词义与搭配have的各种句型及用法,1.havesth.done(注重“结果”)2.havesb./sth.doing3.havesb.do4.havesb./sth.done/doing/do,make的各种句型及用法,make+宾语make+双宾语make+宾语+名词（补足语）make+宾语+形容词（补足语）make+it+adj/noun+infinitive/that-clausemakesb./sth.+infinitivewithout“to”makesth./oneself+pastparticiple,consider的用法,1.consider+宾语（名词、代词、从句、动名词或不定式的疑问式）2.consider+宾语+补足语（名词、形容词、不定式tobe/tohavebeen）3.considerit+名词或形容词+todosth.4.consider(as)类似说法：haveAasBtreatAasBthinkofAasBspeakofAasBregardAasBlookon/uponAasBrefertoAasBacceptaslookuptoasrememberascountasuseAB,三建议advise,persuade,suggest三个看起来seem,look,appear四打击beat,hit,strike,knock四想要hope,wish,want,expect五输赢win,defeat,beat,gain,fail五收到receive,accept,admit,get,take六穿puton,wear,haveon,dress,bein,pullon七花费spend,cost,pay,take,charge,buy,sell,IV.一些重点动词短语归纳,breakbringcallgetgo,holdmakeputturntake,break,a.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.breakonesword(promise)/therules(regulations)/theappointment(违背)b.Thecriminaltriedtobreakawayfromthepoliceman.(摆脱)c.Ourcarbrokedownandwehadtotowittoagarage.(抛锚)Allourplansbrokedown.(计划、谈判等失败)Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.(身体垮掉)Chemicalsinthebodybreakdownourfoodintousefulsubstance.(分解),d.Duringourconversation,heoftenbrokeinwithaslightjest.(插嘴)e.Thievesbrokeintoourapartmentlastnight.(闯入)f.Ourtradingconnectionwasbrokenoffowingtoadisagreementoverprices.(中断)g.WorldWarIbrokeoutin1914.(火灾、战争等爆发)h.Aftermidnight,thepartybrokeup.(散开)I.Ourtroopshadlittledifficultyinbreakingthroughthelinesofthepolice.(突破),bring,a.Theaccidentwasbroughtaboutbythecarelessnessofthedriver.(引起)b.Goodharvestwillbringdowntheprice.(降低价格)c.Itsbraveofhimtobringforwardobjectionsatthemeeting.(提出)d.Topromotethelocaleconomy,thegovernmentdecidedtobringinlargeamountsofadvancedequipment.(引进)e.Hebringsin5,000yuaneverymonth.(赚得)f.Hismotherdiedwhenhewasyoungandhisgrandmotherbroughthimup.(抚养)g.Hewassoillthathebroughtupeverything.(呕吐),call,a.Theprofessioncallsfortheabilitytoimprovise.(需要)b.Iwillcallforyouatsixtomorrowmorning.(来接)c.Itstimethatyoucalledforyourpackages.(来取)d.HehappenedtobeoutwhenIcalledinhishome.(拜访)e.Youshouldcallinadoctoratonce.(请来)f.Thearmywascalledintocutthroughfallentreesandtohelpcleartheroadsandpaths.(召集),g.Thebasketballmatchwascalledoffbecauseoftherain.(取消)h.HehappenedtobeoutwhenIcalledonhim.(拜访)i.Thegovernmentcalledonthepublictotakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.(号召),get,a.Youaresupposedtotryyourbesttogetyourstudiesimproved.(使得)Thelecturesoongotusthinking.Igothimtocleanthefloorthistime.b.Myworkisgettingalong/onbetternow.(进展)Tomiseasy-goingandgetsalong/onwellwitheveryone.(相处)c.Theteacherwasunabletogethismeaningacrosstotheclass.(使被理解)d.Thestoryhasgotround-everybodyknowsaboutit.(消息传开),e.Dontyouthinkitstimewegotdowntobusiness?(开始认真做某事)f.Withmyfriendshelpingmegetoverthedifficulties,Icanfinishthetaskinadvance.(克服)g.Theoperatorfinallygotmethrough.(接通电话)h.Hehasgotthrough$1,000inlessthanayear.(用完)i.Johnhasgotthroughtheexamination.(通过)j.IllbewithyouassoonasIgetthroughthiswork.(做完)k.geton/offthebus(上下汽车)gettogether(相聚),go,a.Butifyougoagainstnatureanddothingsatthewrongtimeofyear,youwillhavetodomoreworkandtheresultswillnotbesogood.(违背)b.-Howiseverythinggoing?-Thingsaregoingverywell.(进展)c.Theblackhairwasgoinggrey.(变得)d.Theenginewentbeautifully.(运转)e.Asthesayinggoes,“Nopains,nogains.”(流传)f.Ifyouthinkyoucansolvetheproblem,goahead.(开始做某事)g.-MayIborrowyourdictionary?-Yes,goahead.(表同意),h.Timewentbyquickly.(过去)i.Shareshavegonedownagainbytenpoints.(价格下降)j.Shehadnotimetogodeeplyintothematterjustthen.(调查)k.Whatisgoingonoutthere?(发生)l.WhynotbuysomeEnglishtapesandsomebookstogowiththem?(相配)m.Whensmokerswhoareusedtonicotinegowithoutitforanhourortwo,theybegintofeelbad.(不吃，不用)n.Gooveryourworkbeforeyouhanditin.(仔细检查)o.Hedoesntgoinforteamgames.(对某事有兴趣，爱好),hold,a.Sheheldback,notknowingwhattodoorsay.(犹豫不决)b.Dontholdanythingback,youmusttellmeeverything.(隐瞒)c.Iftheyhadntheldhimback,hewouldhavebeatenyou.(阻碍)d.ImademychoiceandIwillholdontotheend.(坚持下去)e.Heaskedmetoholdonwhileheleftthephonetofindapencil.(别挂电话),f.Couldheholdoutinspiteofthedifficulty?(坚持顶住压力)g.Thepupilhelduphishandtoasktheteacheraquestion.(举起)h.Alotofcarswereheldupintheaccident.(使停顿)i.holdoffice(任职)holdapost/position(担任某个职位),put,a.Johnputstendollarsasideeveryweek.(存储)b.Heputasidehistextbookswhenheleftschoolandneverreopened.(放下)c.Putasideallthathashappenedandtrytostartagain.(搁在一边)d.Putyourbooksaway.(收起来)e.Putthedictionarybackontheshelf.(放回原处)f.Themeetinghasbeenputoffuntilnextweek.(推迟)g.Heputoutthelampandwentout.(使熄灭)h.Putonmoreclothesoryoullcatchacold.(穿戴),i.Areyouseriousinputtingforwardsuchaview?(提出)j.putintoeffect(使实现)putintoforce(使生效)putintopractice(实行)putonweight(增加体重)p