2013年高三英语被动语态复习

WhatisthePassiveVoice?,Onlineshopping_(welcome)bymostpeopleduetovariousreasons.,iswelcomed,英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice),Whatisit?,A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。,B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,Weplantedthetree.,Thetreewasplantedbyus.,Whentouseit?,（1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。,（2）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。,这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的)。,这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）,Thedictionaryiswellkept.,Thesebookwerefoundinthe1920s.,theStructureis,be+及物动词的过去分词(be+V.P.P),Wewatchedafilmlastnight.Idrinkmilkeveryday.Afilm_.Milk_.Summary一般现在时am/is/are+done一般过去时was/were+done(p.p),Present/pastsimple(一般现在/过去时),waswatchedbyuslastnight,isdrunkbymeeveryday,will/wouldbedone新电脑下周将投入使用。Thenewcomputers_nextweek.那位老教授告诉我们他将被邀请开一个讲座。Theoleprofessortoldusthathe_(invite)togivealecture.,Present/pastfuture(一般将来时/过去将来时),willbeused,wouldbeinvited,am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone中国国家大剧院当时正在建设当中。TheNationalOperaBuilding_atthattime.他的自行车正在被修理。Hisbike_.,Present/pastprogressive(现在进行时/过去进行时),wasbeingbuilt,isbeingmended,has/havebeendonehadbeendone这个问题已经得到了圆满的解决。Theproblemhasbeenwellsolved.昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。ThemilkhadbeensoldoutwhenIgottothesupermarketlastnight.,Present/pastperfect(现在完成时/过去完成时),一般现在时:be(am/are/is)+done(过去分词)一般过去时:be(was/were)+done一般将来时:willbe+done过去将来时:wouldbe+done现在进行时:be(am/are/is)+being+done过去进行时:be(was/were)+being+done现在完成时:have/has+been+done过去完成时:had+been+done情态动词的被动语态can/may/should/mustbedone,1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_twiceamonth.,areused,are,cleaned,3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor._onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_toreturnthebookintime.,Theticketwasfound,wastold,3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.,5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He_onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers_tohelpthem.,wasmadetohave,canbe,used,7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?_atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_ourwork_today?,Weremanytreesplanted,Mustbefinished,9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)_somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_.,Weweregiven,were,giventous,10.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike_intwodays.11.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine_threetimesaday.,canbemended,mustbe,taken,四几种值得注意的被动语态变化,（）makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.,MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome.,JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome.,watchletmakehearseenotice,一些特殊结构的被动结构:,感觉动词(hear,see等)、使役动词(let,make等)改被动语态时要加上“to”。如：Isawhimfalloffthetree.Hewasseentofalloffthetree.,1IusuallyhearhersingEnglishsongsinthemorning.Sheinthemorning.,isusuallyheardtosingEnglishsongs,2Shemakesherhorseworkallday.Herhorseallday.3.Myfatherallowedmetogooutforapicnic.Ioutforapicnic.,ismadetowork,wasallowedtogo,(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.,Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.,Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.,hear/watch/keep,三，带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加to或for.Mymotherboughtmeanewbike.=Iwasboughtanewbikebymymother.=Anewbikewasboughtformebymymother.JackhasgivenTomabook.=AbookhasbeengiventoTombyJack.=TomhasbeengivenabookbyJack.,变为被动语态：,Wegavehimsomebooks.He.Somebooks.,wasgivensomebooks(byus),weregiventohim(byus),3.注意:,约翰打开了收音机。,Johnturnedontheradio.,Theradiowasturnedon.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandmatakescareofmysister.,MysisteristakencareofbyGrandma.,注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或副词。,Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.,Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.,动词短语的被动语态,takecareofbetakencareof,cutdownbecutdown,laughatbelaughedat,lookafterbelookedafter,Theysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.,Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.,4.常用被动语态的句型有：Itisreported/believed/supposedthat.人们认为hoped/,据报道,据报道在事故中没有乘客受伤。Itisreportedthatnopassengerswereinjuredintheaccident.人们普遍认为男孩子必女孩子更擅长理科。Itsgenerallybelievedthatboysarebetteratsciencethangirls.,1).不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,breakout,appear,last,start等。,*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.,*ThatbikedoesntbelongtoMike.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have/fit,IhaveaTVset.,Thecoatfitsmewell.,3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正】Lookattheblackboard，please【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou,不用被动语态的几种情况：,4.系动词没有被动语态和进行时态,这鱼味道很好。,这条围巾摸上去很软。,Thefishtastesgood.,Thescarffeelssoft.,4.某些动词表主语的性质时是不及物动词，不用被动语态。,这书很好卖。,这种布很好洗。,Thebooksellswell.,Thiskindofclothwashesverywell.,这书卖完了。,Thebookissoldout.,这块表需要修理一下。,Thewatchneedsmending.,=Thewatchneedstobemended.,want/require/needdoing=want/require/needtoberequired,1Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog.Itwhilewewereonholiday.A.wastakencareB.tookcareofC.istakencareofD.wastakencareof2.AttheendofthemeetingMissGreentwominutestodecidewhethersheshouldjointheprojectornot.(2004)A.gaveB.hadgivenC.wasgivenD.wasgiving,D,c,3.Mr.Johnsonsstorybyeveryonewhoheardit.(2003)A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedat,D,二、请把下面句子改为被动语态,1.TheyshowedJackcarefullyhowtouseit.Jackcarefullyhowtouseit.2.Theywillholdthe31thOlympicGamesinBrazilin2016.The31thOlympicGamesin2016.,wasshowed,willbeheldinBrazil,3.Theyhavesenthertothehospitalalready.4.Theysawtheboyplayingbasketballat3:00yesterday.Theboy_at3:00yesterday.,Shehasbeensenttothehospitalalready.,wasseenplayingbasketball,5.Weshouldmakeourcountrybecomemoreandmorebeautiful.Ourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.,shouldbemadetobecome,Thebridge_inthreeweeks.(finish),Youcangooutifyourhomework_(do),willbefinished,isdone,Thisisoneofthethingsthat_(see)thatday.,wereseen,WhenwasPRC_(found)?,wasseen,Thisisthonlyoneofthethingsthat_(see)thatday.,founded,Youshouldgetyourshoes_(wash),washed,练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。,Thecomputerclubheldawritingcompetition(竞赛）.Thefastestplayerfinishedthegameineighthours.Wetookmanyphotos.Theyusethisroomforplayingtabletennis.Thebankbuiltaparkforthem.,Awritingcompetitionwasheldbythecomputerclub.,Thegamewasfinishedbythefastestplayerineighthours.,Manyphotosweretakenbyus.,Aparkwasbuiltforthembythebank.,Thisroomisusedforplayingtabletennisbythem.,1.Ourschool_in2002.(开办)2.Theyoungtreesmust_well.(照顾)3._thisbuilding_(建成)lastyear?4.Thebook_(写)byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge_(不建造)in1989.6.The29thOlympicGameswill_(举行)inBeijingin2008.,wasopened,belookedafter,Was,built,waswritten,wasntbuilt,beheld,用所给动词的正确形式填空：,1)Thebike_(fix)upbyXiaoMingyesterday.2)Sunglasses_(use)forprotectingpeopleseyes.3)Apicture_(put)upontheblackboard.4)French_(speak)inFrance.5)Teenagersshould_(allow)tochoosetheirownclothes.,wasfixed,areused,isput,isspoken,beallowed,练习一请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时态的一致）,1Hewroteanarticlelastweek.,Anarticlewaswrittenbyhimlastweek.,2Thepeoplemakehistory.,Historyismadebypeople.,3DopeopleuseChineseonlyinChina?,IsChineseusedbypeopleonlyinChina?,4Theydidntvisitthecitytwoyearsago.,Thecitywasntvisitedbythemtwoyearsago.,5Wheredidyoumakethem?,Whereweretheymadebyyou?,一用适当的形式填空1Historyis_bythepeople.(make)2Heisoften_todotheworkbytheteacher.(ask)3Thebook_byhimlastyear.(write)4Theradio_lastweek.(mend)5Sometrees_onthehillthisspring.(plant)6Anewsubway_(build)nextyear.7She_(take)tothehospitalalready.8Thousan