状语从句公开课.ppt

AdverbialClauses,1.什么是状语：在句中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的成分被称为状语。如：Heworksveryhard.Heisrealhandsome.2.什么是状语从句：用作状语的句子被称为状语从句。,really,1.AdverbialClausesofTime:（时间状语从句）,3.DifferentKindsofAdverbialClauses:,2.AdverbialClausesofReason(原因状语从句）,3.AdverbialClausesofConditions(条件状语从句）,4.AdverbialClausesofPlace(地点状语从句）,5.AdverbialClausesofPurpose(目的状语从句）,6.AdverbialClausesofResult（结果状语从句）,7.AdverbialClausesofComparison（比较状语从句）,8.AdverbialClausesofConcession(让步状语从句）,9.AdverbClausesofManner(方式状语从句),4.位置：主前从后亲密没够，从前主后得有小逗，从在主中需俩逗逗。Iwasreadingabookwhenhecamein.Whenhecamein,Iwasreadingabook.Iwas,whenhecamein,readingabook.,时间状语从句,whenwhileas,beforeaftertill/untilsince,assoonas,普通连词,特殊连词,themomenttheminutethesecondtheinstant,every/eachtimenexttimeanytimebythetimethefirsttime,immediatelydirectlyinstantly,When的用法When即可以引导一个持续性动作，又可引到一个短暂行动作。可用以表示主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句。(从句动词可延续也可非延续)IwasthinwhenIwasachild.Thefilmhadbeenonwhenwearrived.,2.beabouttodowhenbedoingwhenbeononeswaywhenbeonthepointofdoingwhenhadjustdonewhen以上句式中的“when”译为“这时或那时”不可以用其它连词替换。ThetelephonewasringingwhenIgothome.Iwasabouttogotobedwhenhecameback.,Wewerejust_callinghimup_hecamein.about;whenB.onthepointof;whileC.onthepointof;whenD.onthepointof;as,IwaswalkingdownthestreetwhileIheardsomeonecallingforhelp.,when,3.When还以引导条件状语从句相当于ifHowcanIexplainittoyouwhen/ifyouwontlisten.Whenyoureaditagain,themeaningwillbecomeclearertoyou.,While的用法1.必须引导持续性动作，强调在一段时间内，主句和从句动作同时发生。MymotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.Pleasedonttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.,2.“然而”表示对比。IlikewatchingTVwhilehelikesreading.,3.引导让步状语从句“虽然、尽管”WhileIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisshortcomings.尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是看到了他的缺点。4.引导条件状语从句“只要”Whilewearehere,dontworry.,As的引导时间状语从句的用法“随着”“一边一边”“当”强调动作同时发生，无先后,.,1.AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。2.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.他匆匆忙忙回家，边走边往后看。3.Ashewasgoingout,itbegantorain.当他出去时开始下雨了。,“as”可以引导的其它状语从句：Youngasheis,heknowsalot.（让步）Ashewasntreadyintime,wewentwithouthim.（原因）DoasItoldyou./doasyoulike.（方式）HeisasoldasI/me.（比较）,连接词when,while,as的用法区别：1while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是非延续的动词。如：When/Whilehewaseatinghisbreakfast,heheardthedoorbellring.WhenIstoppedmycar,amancameuptome.2从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。如：Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.3表示“随着,一边一边”，连词用as.如：Astheelectionapproached,theviolencegotworse.4如果主句谓动是非延续性的，而从句谓动是延续性动词并使用进行时态时，when,while与as可互换使用。如：When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.,问题1:1.(04北京春)Wewereswimminginthelake_suddenlythestormstarted.A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before2.(02上海)Hewasabouttotellmethesecret_someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whileD.when3.(05上海)Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden_itwasthebesttimeforit.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.until4.(05福建)DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?Yes.Itwasnotyeteightoclock_hearrivedhome.A.BeforeB.whenC.thatD.until（注：句型：Itis/was+点时间+when从句）,A,D,B,B,问题2:6.(06天津)ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,_thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.while7.(04年江苏)_Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless8.(06辽宁)Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal_afamiliarvoicecametohisears.A.whyB.whereC.whenD.while,D,A,C,Before的多种翻译方式：在之前2.在It+be+短时间+before句型中主句是肯定句式时：“（多久之后）才”主句是否定句式时：“（过不了多久）就”3.“还没来得及，就”4.“趁”,Beforetheygottothebusstop,thebushadgone.在.之前Itwillbe5yearsbeforehereturnstohismotherland.多久之后才Wewaitedalongtimebeforehecameout.多久之后才4.Itwontbelongbeforewemeetagain.过不了多久就5.Hediedbeforehewroteawill.还没来得及6.Catchhimbeforeheescapes.趁着7.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.趁着,1.(03年北京)Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation_itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as2.(04福建)Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears_itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when3.(06四川)Whydidntyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?Herushedoutoftheroom_Icouldsayaword.A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.after,C,C,A,till,until和notuntil：1.主句是肯定句时，主句的动词必是延续性动词，表示“主句动作或状态一直持续到从句动词发生才停止”。从句引导词是till/until都行。如：Wewaiteduntil/tillhecame.2主句是否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，表示“主句动作直到从句动词发生才开始”，从句引导词通常用until。如：Hewontgotobeduntilshereturns.3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.,倒装,1.(03北京春)Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when2.(03上海)Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdlistenerscuriosity_hereachestheendofthestory.A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until3.Itwasnot_shetookoffherdarkglasses_Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then,C,D,B,Since的用法,since+时间sincetheneversinceItis/hasbeen+时间段sincedid译为“既然”时引导原因状从,主句谓动用现在完成时，从句谓动用一般过去时，译为“自从”,Mrlihasbeenheresince1998.Mrlihasbeenheresincehecameback.Its/hasbeentwoyearssincewearrivedhere.Itisthreeyearssincehelivedhere.他不在这儿住三年了。Itistwoyearssincehesmoked.他不吸烟已有两年了。Itistwoyearssincehebegantosmoke.他吸烟有两年了。,B,D,1.（05北京春)Itisalmostfiveyears_wesaweachotherlasttime.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.because2.Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.Itsyears_Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since3.-Whataboutacigarette?-_.Its3weekssinceIsmoked.A.Yes,pleaseB.No,thanks,B,assoonas,themomenttheminutethesecondtheinstant,immediatelydirectlyinstantlynosoonerthanhardly/scarcelywhen,可以译为“一就”的连词,1.Assoonashearrives,Iwilltellhim.2.ThemomentIsawhim,Irecognizedhim.3.Ileftimmediatelytheclockstruck5.4.Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.5.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.=NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.,时态、搭配、倒装,问题3:1.(01北京春)DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?Yes.Igaveittoher_Isawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once2.(1998上海)Ithoughtherniceandhonest_Imether.A.firsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttimeD.bythefirsttime3._enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport.A.HehardlyhadB.HadhehardlyC.HardlyhadheD.Hardlyhehad,B,C,C,一些含有time的名词短语可以引导时间状语1.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition2.ThefirsttimeIclimbedontothewall,Ifeltnervous.3.Youarewelcometocomebackanytimeyouwantto.4.Thetruckwillhavearrivedbythetimeyouhaveallthethingspackedup.5.Bythetimehearrived,thetrainhadalreadygone.,时态,地点状语从句有where,wherever引导。1.Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.2.Iwillfollowyouwhereveryougo.3.Wherethereisariver,thereisacity.4.Iwillgowherehewent.5.Iwillstaywithyouwhereverhegoes.,2.地点状语从句,(2009年高考山东卷)Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremainwhereshewasandwaitforhermother.那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。,地点状语从句常见的连词有：1.where在地方，2.wherever无论在地方，,(1)Makeamark-youhaveproblems.(2)Iwillfindhim-hemaybe.,where,wherever,3地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Wheretheresawill，theresaway.有志者事竟成。Where(ver)theresplentyofsunandrain，thefieldsaregreen.哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。地点状语从句和定语从句的区别。Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Gobacktotheplacewhereyoucame.,【例26】_heis，hewillbethinkingofhisgirlfriend.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhetherD.Wherever【例27】Shefoundhercalculator_shelostit.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.when【例28】Thisisthefactory_hermotherworkedlastyearA.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.wherever,引导原因状语从句的连词,considering/seeing(that)“鉴于，考虑到“，也可引导原因状语从句,Because表示原因是语气最强，经常表示听者未知的原因.即可以回答why的提问，又可以放在强调句型中成为被强调的部分。Icantgo,becauseImill.Hefailedbecausehewastoocareful.Itisbecauseyouarelazythatyouhavelostthejob.,because1)Theshipchangeditscoursebecausetherewasastorm.,Theshipchangeditscoursebecauseofthestorm.,2)Becausehewasill,hedidntgotoschool.,Hewasill,sohedidntgotoschool.,Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.,IdidnthelphimnotbecauseIwasunwilling,butbecauseIwasunabletodoit.(不是因为而是因为)2.Youshouldnotlaughathimbecauseheispoor3.Thecountryisnotstrongbecauseitisbig.（不因就）,Since引导的语气次于because，表示稍加分析后推断出的原因，或指的是人们达成一致的事实。“既然，鉴于”常放于句首。Sincenooneisagainstit,letscarryouttheplan.As语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。一般放句首。Ashewasntreadyintime,wewentwithouthim.,For属于并列连词，但不能直接说明原因，而是对某种情况加以推断用于表示补充说明的理由。常放于句末。Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.Thespringiscoming,forthebirdsaresinging.Nowthat用了说明一种新的情况，然后加以推论，位于句首，that可省略。“既然，鉴于”Now(that)everybodyishere,letsbegin.,Seeing(that);considering(that)Seeing/considering(that)heissoyoung,thatisexcusable(可原谅的）鉴于他如此年轻，这是可以原谅的。,1.Thiswas_shewasabsentfromschool.2.Thatwas_shewasillyesterday.3.Thereason_shecouldntfinishherhomeworkisnot_sheforgottodoherhomework,but_shewasbusynursingasickclassmate.4.Howcanhegetgoodgradeswhenhewontstudy?,why,because,why,that,that,when“既然”表示原因,引导目的状语的连词有so;sothat;inorderthat;incase;forfearthat;lest目的状语从句中的谓语动词通常使用情态动词can,could,may,might,should,wouldWesitnearerthefrontso(that)wecanhearbetter.Comeearlyinorderthat/sothatyoucanseehim.Heputhismoneyinthesafeforfearthatitshouldbestolen.(他把钱放在保险箱里生怕/以防被盗)Herunsfastinorderto/soastoarrivethereearly.,.,Takeanumbrellaincaseitrains.（以防）Itmaynotrain,butyoudbettertakeanumbrellaincase.（以防万一）Takeanumbrellaincaseofrain.(介词）Incase后的从句使用一般现在时表示将来，或使用一般过去时表示过去将来，也可用情态动词，或者从句中使用should,should也可以省略。Takeanumbrellaincaseitrains.Heleftearlyincasehe(should)missthelasttrain.他动身很早以防误了最后一班火车。,结果状语从句连词：sothat;suchthat;sothat1.Shewassohappythatshecried.2.Sheworkedveryhard,sothatshebecamerichinaveryshorttime.(她努力工作很快就致富了。)3.Hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.So为副词，修饰形容词，副词，Such为形容词，修饰名词。,So+adj.So+adj.+a/an+单n.So+many/few+复数n.+thatSo+much/little（多少）+不可数n.+thatSuch+a/an+adj.+单n.+thatSuch+adj.+复数n.+thatSuch+adj.+不可数n.+that,Hewassohonestthatwealltrusthim.Hewassuchanhonestmanthatwealltrusthim.Therewassomuchworkthatwecouldntfinishit.Thereweresomanypeoplethatwecouldntgetin.Itwassuchniceweatherthatwewanttogoout.Sothat.;suchthat句型中，so,such位于句首，主句须部分倒装Soterriblewasthestormthatsomehousesweredestroyed.SuchisthepoweroftheTVthatitmakesapersonfamousinonenight.,结果状语的表达方式1.Heiscleverandhonest,_allofuslikehim.(make)2.Ihurriedtotheairport,only_thatmyfriendhadgonealready.(tell)3.tooto（太而不能）enoughto（达到某种程度可以）soasto(那么以至于）Hegotupsolatethathemissedthebus.Hedidntgetupearlyenoughtocatchthebus.Hegotuptoolatetocatchthebus.Hegotupsolateastomissthebus.,making,tobetold,.if，unless，so/aslongas，once，incase(that),2.onconditionthat(条件是)suppose/supposing(that)(假设,如果)provided/providing(that)(如果)asfarassofaraswhen,引导条件状语从句的连词：,ifnot,只要,一旦,万一,I.if1)Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceed.,Workharder,andyouwillsucceed.,Workharder,oryouwontsucceed.,Workingharder,youwillsucceed.,时态:主将从现,有时表示条件的if之后可能用will，但那不是将来时态,而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)：Ifyouwillwaitamoment,Illfetchthemoney.,请等一下，我就去拿钱,2)IfIhadmoney,Iwouldbuythecar.Ifhehadworkedharder,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.,3)IwakeuponlyifthealarmclockringsOnlyifIgetajob,willIhaveenoughmoneytogoschool.,4)IfonlyIwereascleverasyou!IfonlyIknewhername.,_,_,_,_,_,(虚拟),.(只有),(要是就好了),5)if构成省略的惯用表达法:ifanyifeverifsoifnotifnecessaryifpossible,Corrrecterrors,ifany.Heseldom,ifever,goestothemoviesbyhimself.,如果有错误就请订正.,他不会单独去看电影,如果有也很少.,(如果有的话),(如果曾经有的话),(如果是这样的话),(如果不是这样的话),II.unless1)WecantwritetoMaryunlessshetellsusheraddress.,WecantwritetoMaryifshedoesnttellusheraddress.,*III.as/solongas(只要)1)IwillnevergiveuplearningaslongasIlive.2)Youmayborrowthebookaslongasyoukeepitclean.,*IV.onconditionthat（条件是）Wellletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepittidy.,*V.incase(万一）Youdbettertakeyourraincoatwithyouincaseitrains.IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.,(2007福建)Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterview_youhaveconfidence.A.beforeB.onceC.untilD.though解析：题干意思是：一旦你有自信，你的面试将会成功。用once，意思是：一旦，引导条件状语从句。,答案：B,(浙江)Themedicineworksmoreeffectively_youdrinksomehotwateraftertakingit.AasBuntilCalthoughDif解析：句意：这种药如果你热水送服，会更加有效。if引导条件状语从句。答案：D,(北京宣武区)_youdisagreewithher，herideaisstillworthconsidering.AIfonlyBEvenifCInsteadofDDespiteof解析：考查前后句的关系。句意为：“尽管”你不赞同她，可她的观点还是值得考虑的。答案：B,问题1：1、_Icansee,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.（04北京春季）A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.JustasD.Evenif2、IalwaystakesomethingtoreadwhenIgotothedoctors_Ihavetowait.（05全国卷3）AincaseBsothatCinorderDasif,B,A,aslongas与asfaras都可引导条件状语从句，aslongas表示“只要”，asfaras表示“就而论（而言）”。题1根据题意应该选用B。incase表示“以防”，根据题2的句意，不难作出选择。,7、方式状语从句：,Theteachertoldthestudentstodoashedid.Leaveitasitis.DoinRomeastheRomansdo.Mostplantsneedsunlightjustastheyneedwater.,观察引导方式状语从句的连词：,别动它(让它保持原来的样子),asif/asthough“似乎,好像”引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.HetalkedasifhehadbeentoUSAHeheardanoiseasifsomeonewasbreathing.IfeelasifIhaveafever.,总结：引导方式状语从句的连词：as按照,像justas正如,正像asif=asthough,1Wemustlive_Leifenglived.AlikeBasCasifDevenif2Dorememberthatyoumustdoeverything_youaretoldto.AwhatBwhichCasDif,2015浙江卷9_asinglewordcanchangethemeaningofasentence,asinglesentencecanchangethemeaningofaparagraph.AJustasBEventhoughCUnlessDUntill,常用引导词：although/though/evenif/eventhoughwhile（在句首）as（必须倒装）,whatever/whenever/wherever/wh-evernomatterwhat/when/wherewhetheror（不管是还是)whetherornot/whetherornot(不论是否)inspiteof/despite/regardlessof,1.Although/thoughitwashot,hekeptonworking.Although/thoughIbelieveit,(yet)Imustconsider.,注：though也可用作adv.译：可是，然而（句末）Hesaidhewouldhelpme;hedidnt,though.,注:不能用but，但主句中可以用yet,still,他说他会帮我，但是他并没有帮我。,2.evenif/though即使，纵使（含退一步设想）,Illgoevenif(though)itrainstomorrow.Wewontbediscouragedenenif(though)wefailtentimes.,Pooras/thoughheis,heisgenerous。Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.Muchas/thoughIloveit,Iwillnotbuyit.Tryas/thoughImight,Ifailed.,3.adj./n/adv./v+as+主语+谓语+其它,4.wh-ever:让步状语从句名词性从句,nomatterwh-:让步状语从句,判断:wh-ever是否引导名词性从句,（主语从句，宾语从句表语从句，同位语从句）,WhoeverleavestheclassroomlastshouldturnoffthelightsYoucantakewhateveryoulike.Whoeveryouare,youmustobeytherules.,Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeytherules.,_,whoever引导主语从句,Whatever引导宾从,wh-ever在名词性从句中，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句中担任，且从句与主句之间没有逗号。,Whereveryougo,Iwillfollowyou.Whateveryousay,hewontbelieve.Howevermuchitmaycost,Iwillbuyit.,Youhavetogoon,whateverdifficultiesyoucomeacross,Nomatterhowmuchitmaycost,Iwillbuyit.,nomatterwhatdifficulties,(13辽宁）Onecanalwaysmanagetodomorethings,nomatter_fullonesscheduleisinlife.(14上海）Theypromisedtodevelopasoftwarepackagebytheendofthisyear,_theymighthave.AhoweverdifficultBhowdifficultCwhateverdifficultyDwhatdifficulty,how,5Whetherwegotoyourplaceorstayhere,wevestillgottofindsomethingtoeat.Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.,(2008山东菏泽月考)AslongasIcanremember，_Icalled，hiswifewouldanswerthephone.AhoweverBwheneverCwhateverDwhichever解析：这四个词都可以引导让步状语从句。句意：在我的记忆中，不管我什么时候打电话，他妻子都会接。答案：B,(皖北联考)Much_hestateshehasagoodtasteofhisown，hecantavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisement.AthatBwhichCasD/解析：as引导让步状语从句，“尽管他不断声称自我感觉良好，但他不可避免地受广告影响”。,答案：C,(2008重庆)Allpeople，_theyareoldoryoung，richorpoor，havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.AevenifBwhetherCnomatterDhowever解析：句意：自这次灾难以来，所有的人，不管他们是年老的还是年轻的，富有的还是贫穷的，都在尽自己最大的努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。,答案：B,10_greatachievementsChinamayhaveinthefuture，itislikelythatmanyofthemwillbeborninWesternChina.AIfBWhateverCAsDHowever答案与解析：B题意为：无论中国将来取得多大的成就，很可能许多来自西部。whatever相当于nomatterwhat，用来引导让步状语从句。if意为“如果”；as意为“因为”；however意为“无论怎样”，三项皆与题意不符。,8_muchIdisliketheideaofbegginginthestreet，weshouldstillshowconsiderationforthosewhoareindifficultsituations.AHoweverBHowCWhateverDNomatter答案与解析：A题意为：不管我多么讨厌在街上乞讨这种主意，我们仍然应该体谅那些处于艰苦境况的人。however意为“不管多么，无论如何”，等于nomatterhow；whatever意为“不管什么”，等于nomatterwhat。根据题意选A。,比较状语从句的连词：asas(和一样）;notas/soas（和不一样）,thesameassuchasthan；themorethemore,【疑难】比较状语从句通常会结合三个倍数的表达句型进行考查，如：A是B的三倍大有如下三种表达：(1)AistwicebiggerthanB.(2)AisthreetimesasbigasB.(3)AisthreetimesthesizeofB.,【疑难剖析】1.Ais倍数adj.的比较级(larger,heavier,more等)thanB.2.Ais倍数asadj.的原级(large,heavy/many,much)asB3.Ais倍数the表比较内容的名词(size,weight,area,width,length等)ofB.,注意:what也可以引导比较状语从句AistoBwhatCistoD.,A对于B就如同C对于D一样重要,e.gAiristouswhatwateristofish.,Readingistothemind_foodistothebody.AwhatBthatCwhichDofwhich,状语从句省略，从句主语与主句一样，又有be动词，主系同时省。状语从句主语是it，动词是be，it和be同时剩略。,1.Becarefulwhenyouarecrossingtheroad.2.