Henry___James_英文版.ppt

HenryJames,HisLifeTheThreePeriodsMajorSubjectsWritingStyleLiteraryFeaturesofJamesFamouspersonscriticismLiterarycontributionsShortcomingsinhiswriting,Born15April1843NewYorkCity,USA,Died28February1916(aged72)LondonEngland,HisLife,HenryJameswasbornintoawealthyculturedfamilyofNewYorkCity.Hisfather,HenryJames,Sr.,wasaneminentemnntphilosopherandreformer,andhisbrother,WilliamJames,wastobethefamousphilosopherandpsychologist.HenryJameswasoneofthefewauthorsinAmericanliteraryhistorywhodidnothavetoworryaboutmoney.Hisearlyupbringingwasunusual:hewasexposedtotheculturalinfluenceofEuropeataearlyage.,HisLife,ForawhileheattendedtheHarvardLawSchool,whereheread,insteadoflaw,Frenchnovelistsandcritics.HetouredEngland,FranceandItaly.Atfirst,JamestriedtoliveandworkasanartanddramacriticinNewYork,butfoundthatitslackofcultureandsophisticationintolerable.HesettleddowninLondonin1876and,exceptforsomevisitstoAmerica,spenttherestofhislifethere.In1915hebecameanaturalizedBritishcitizen.Jameswasnotmarried.HeoncelovedhisattractivecousinMinnyTemplewhodiedyoung.,HenryJamesisaproductivewriter.Heoncewrotenovels,novellas,tales,travellingwritings,plays,autobiographiesandsoon.Buthenevertookpartinpublicaffairsorshowedmuchinterestintheeconomicandsocialchangesofthatperiod.Hewasdeeplyinterestedinthecontrastbetweentheoldworldandthenewone.,ThePeriodsofJamesLiteraryCareer,Earlyperiod(1865-1882):”internationaltheme”Majorworks:一个美国人TheAmerican(1877)黛西米勒DaisyMiller（1878）欧洲人TheEuropeans（1878）一位女士的画像ThePortraitofaLady（1881）,Middleperiod(1882-1895):experimentswithdifferentthemesandformsMajorWorks:波士顿人TheBostonian（1886）名流之死Thedeathofthelion(1894)Lateperiod(1895-1916):arevivalofthethemeofinnocenceincorruptedworldand“theinternationaltheme”MajorWorks:螺丝在拧紧TheTurnoftheScrew（1898）鸽翼TheWingsoftheDove（1902）金碗TheGoldenBowl（1904）,MajorSubjects,1.Children:Jameswrotechildrenaschildren,notassmalladults.Heexaminedtheirmind,theirpsychologyandaccepteditasvalid.2.Newwomen:Jamesfictionisfilledwithfemalecharacters,notassexualobjects,nevermarried,reticentfromsexualpassion.Menwereengagedinbusinessinmakingmoneyatthattime,andwomenmaintainedculture.3.Artist:ManyofJamesnovelsandshortstoriesdealwiththeartist,whetherheispainter,sculptor,authororplaywright.,LiteraryFeaturesofJames,1.TheculturalconflictbetweenEuropeandAmerica2.Thepsychologicalactivitiesofcharacter3.Dramaticeffect4.Ambiguityinattitudetowardsmanythings,WritingStyle,Over-elaborateLanguage:highly-refined,polished,insightful,accurateConstruction:complicated,intricate,他（亨利.詹姆斯）在小说史上的地位，就和莎士比亚在诗歌史上的地位一样。格雷厄姆.格林,名人评价,我试图像亨利詹姆斯那样保持冷静他是一位伟大的作家。海明威,HenryJamesisagreatauthor!,1.Internationaltheme(国际主题)2.Psychologicalrealism(心理现实主义）3.Literarycriticism(文学评论),Literarycontributions,Internationaltheme,Duringhislifetime,hisfamerestedlargelyuponhishandingofhismajorfictionaltheme.hisnovelsarealwayssetagainstalargerinternationalbackground,usuallybetweenEuropeandAmericaandcenteredontheconfrontationofthetwodifferentcultureswithtwodifferentgroupsofpeoplerepresentingtwodifferentvaluesystemsJamesseemedtovalueboththesophistication(精明，老练)ofEuropeandtheidealismofAmerica.“Theinternationaltheme”JamespresentedthroughhisfictionaimedtocomparesomeofthevaluesoftheNewWorldtothoseoftheOld.,Americanpersonalitiesof,Europeanpersonalitiesof,innocence,enthusiasm,vulgarity(庸俗),ignorance,unsophistication,freshness,freedom,individuality,Americanheroesandheroines,whoconfrontedEuropeansophistication,eithertriumphed(克服，战胜)overitorwereoverwhelmed.,highlycultivated,elegant(优雅的)inmanners,butsophisticated.,contrastwith,1.HenryJamesisgenerallyregardedastheforerunnerofthe20thcenturystreamofconsciousnessnovelsandthefounderofpsychologicalrealism.2.Jameschangedthemethodofpresentationinanovel,shiftingthecentreofgravityfromactiontoitsintellectualandfantasticaspect:internalcircumstances.Hebelievedthatthewritershouldnotsimplypresentthesurfaceofsociallifebutprobethedeepestreachesofthepsychologicalandmoralnatureofhumanbeings.,Psychologicalrealism,Hisfictionalworldisconcernedmorewiththeinnerlifeofhumanbeingsthanwithoverthumanactions.hepaysmoreattentiononpsychologicalanalysisandemphasizestheinnerawarenessandinwardmovementofcharactersTheemphasisonpsychologyandhumanconsciousnessisabreakthroughinnovelwritingandhadgreatinfluenceonthecominggenerations.Jameshasbeencalledthefirstofthemodernpsychologicalnovelists,andarealistoftheinnerlife.,螺丝在拧紧,Forthenextthreedays，myworriesincreased.Icouldnotunderstandwhythatmanhadbeenthere.AndbecauseIcouldnotexplainittomyself,myfeargrewlargerthanbefore.Itwaspossiblethattheservantsmighthavebeenplayingatrickonme.Butnoonebehaveunusuallytowardsme.Nolaughingcouldbeheardandnostrangelooksweregiven.,Literarycritcism,Jamescontributionstoliterarycriticismisimmense.Himselfadedicatedartist,Hewroteforhalfacenturytohelpperfecttheartofwriting.Hiscriticismisbothconcernedwithformanddevotedtohumanvalues.1.Heregards“real”asthebasicprincipleofwriting.Inhisfamousessay“TheartofFiction”expresseshisaimofthenovelistorepresentlife.“theonlyreasonfortheexistenceofanovelisthatitdoesattempttorepresentlife”(小说之所以存在，就是为了表现生活）“Theairofreality(solidityofspecification)seemstometobethesupremevirtueofanovel”(对我来说，现实性(细节的真实性)就是小说的最高标准）2.Healsoadvocatesanimmenseincreaseoffreed