语言学选择题练习

语言学选择题练习. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement: 1. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) _D_. A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme 2. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound _D_.A. is the sum total of the meaning of its componentsB. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemesC. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.D. None of the above.3. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of_B_.A. the first elementB. the second elementC. either the first or the second elementD. both the first and the second elements4. _B_ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.A. Free morphemesB. Bound morphemesC. Bound wordsD. Words5. _C_ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.A. SyntaxB. GrammarC. MorphologyD. Morpheme6. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _C_. A. lexicalB. morphemic C. grammaticalD. semantic 7. Bound morphemes are those that _D_. A. have to be used independentlyB. can not be combined with other morphemesC. can either be free or bound D. have to be combined with other morphemes8. _A_ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word. A. PrefixesB. Suffixes C. RootsD. Affixes 9. _B_ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists. A. WordsB. MorphemesC. PhonemesD. Sentences 10. “-s” in the word “books” is _C_. A. a derivative affixB. a stem C. an inflectional affixD. a root 11 Of all the speech organs, the _C_ is/are the most flexible. A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords 12. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _A_ sounds. A. voicelessB. voiced C. vowelD. consonantal 13. _B_ is a voiced alveolar stop. A. /z/B. /d/ C. /k/D. /b/ 14. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying”a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones _D_. A. identicalB. same C. exactly alikeD. similar 15. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be _A_. A. in phonemic contrastB. in complementary distribution C. the allophonesD. minimal pair 16. The sound /f/ is _D_. A. voiced palatal affricateB. voiced alveolar stop C. voiceless velar fricativeD. voiceless labiodental fricative17. A _C_ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.A. backB. central C. frontD. middle18. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _C_. A. phonetic componentsB. immediate constituents C. suprasegmental featuresD. semantic features 19. A(n) _D_ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features. A. phoneB. sound C. allophoneD. Phoneme20.The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the _D_ of that phoneme. A. phonesB. sounds C. phonemesD. allophones 21. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _C_. A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic 22. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _C_. A. primary B. correct C. secondary D. stable 23. A historical study of language is a _B_ study of language. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparative 24. According to F. de Saussure, _C_ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. parole B. performance C. langue D. Language 25. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called _A_, A. displacement B. duality C. flexibility D. cultural transmission26. Of all the speech organs, the _C_ is/are the most flexible. A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords 27. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _A_ sounds. A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D. consonantal 28. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be _A_. A. in phonemic contrast B. in complementary distribution C. the allophones D. minimal pair 29. A _C_ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position. A. back B. central C. front D. middle30. A(n) _D_ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features. A. phone B. sound C. allophone D. phoneme31. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) _D_. A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme 32. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound _D_.A. is the sum total of the meaning of its componentsB. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemesC. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.D. None of the above.33. _C_ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.A. Syntax B. Grammar C. Morphology D. Morpheme34. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _C_. A. lexical B. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic 35. _A_ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word. A. Prefixes B. Suffixes C. Roots D. Affixes 36. A sentence is considered _D_ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers. A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical 37. Phrase structure rules have _A_ properties. A. recursive B. grammatical C. social D. functional 38. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _D_. A. how words and phrases form sentences. B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences D. All of the above. 39. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called _A_. A. transformational rules B. generative rules C. phrase structure rules D. x-bar theory 40. The sentence structure is _D_. A. only linear B. only hierarchical C. complex D. both linear and hierarchical 41. The syntactic rules of any language are _C_ in number. A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite 42. The _D_ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences.A. lexical B. morphological C. linguistic D. combinational 43. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _B_. A. the conceptualist view B. contexutalism C. the naming theory D. behaviourism 44. “Can I borrow your bike?”_D_ “You have a bike.”A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with C. entails D. presupposes 45. _B_ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. A. Predication analysis B. Componential analysis C. Phonemic analysis D. Grammatical analysis 46. “Alive” and “dead” are _C_. A. gradable antonyms B. relational opposites C. complementary antonyms D. None of the above 47. _C_ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. A. Polysemy B. Synonymy C. Homonymy D. Hyponymy 48. Words that are close in meaning are called _D_. A. homonyms B. polysemy C. hyponyms D. synonyms 49. _A_ does not study meaning in isolation, but in context. A. Pragmatics B. Semantics C. Sense relation D. Concept 50. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _D_ is considered. A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage D. context 51. A sentence is a _B_ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation. A. pragmatic B. grammatical C. mental D. conceptual 52. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a(n) _C_.A. constative B. directive C. utterance D. expressive 53. Which of the following is true? _B_A. Utterances usually do not take the form of sentences. B. Some utterances cannot be restored to complete sentences. C. No utterances can take the form of sentences. D. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. 54. _C_ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance. A. A locutionary act B. An illocutionary act C. A perlocutionary act D. A performative act 55. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose, but they differ _C_. A. in their illocutionary acts. B. in their intentions expressed C. in their strength or force D. in their effect brought about 56. When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, _D_ might arise. A. impoliteness B. contradictions C. mutual understanding D. conversational implicatures 57. English language belongs to _A_. A. Indo-European Family B. Sino-Tibetan Family C. Austronesian Family D. Afroasiatic Family 58. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Duality D. Meaningfulness 59. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _. A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue D. All of the above60. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _ and meanings. A. sense B. sounds C. objects D. ideas 61. A sentence is considered _ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers. A. rightB. wrong C. grammaticalD. ungrammatical 62. A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator 63. Phrase structure rules have _ properties. A. recursiveB. grammatical C. socialD. functional 64. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _. A. how words and phrases form sentences. B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences D. All of the above. 65. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called _. A. transformational rulesB. generative rules C. phrase structure rules D. x-bar theory 66. The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that _. A. noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions. B. noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phrase C. noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions D. noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary. 67. The sentence structure is _. A. only linearB. Only hierarchical C. complexD. both linear and hierarchical 68. The syntactic rules of any language are _ in number. A. largeB. smallC. finiteD. infinite 69. The _ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences.A. lexicalB. morphological C. linguisticD. combinational 70._ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence. A. GenerativeB. Transformational C. X-barD. Phrase structure 71. The naming theory is advanced by _. A. PlatoB. Bloomfield C. Geoffrey LeechD. Firth 72. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _. A. the conceptualist viewB. contexutalism C. the nami