初中英语阅读理解之推理判断题PPT课件

1,-,在冬天的夜晚，天气冷得让人不想出门。见习警员走在大街上，突然听到远处一女子大叫：“有人打劫啊！”。见习警员刚一回身，就见一个黑影朝着远处逃离，他立刻追了上去。但是这贼跑得飞快，追了八条街之后没影了。最后，见习警员在附近的一个商店店铺前看到有四个人：A：正在闲暇百无聊赖地抽烟B：正在聚精会神地看报纸C：正在手机通话中D：正在狼吞虎咽的吃拉面根据调查，犯人就在这四人当中。,2,-,初中阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧,授课老师：黄文婷,3,-,什么是推理判断题？,1,推理判断题的分类？,2,推理判断题解题技巧,3,内容大纲,4,-,推理判断题的定义,透过文章表面信息推测文章隐含意思；,对作者的态度意图及文章细节的发展做出正确的推理判断；,从作者的角度去考虑，不可脱离原文仅凭个人的主观看法而主观臆断。,5,-,推理判断题分类,推断作者观点或态度,推断文章出处,推断隐含意义,6,-,推断隐含意义,Part1,7,-,什么是隐含意义,T:Doyouthinkthisclassisinteresting?S:Iwanttogohome.,Q:Whatdoesthestudentreallymean?,*根据文章事实进行逻辑推理，透过字面意义理解作者的言外之意。,8,-,设问方式：,Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_.Whenthewritertalksabout.,whatthewriterreallymeansis_.Thewritersuggeststhat_.Thestoryimpliesthat_.Wecaninfer/concludefromthepassagethat_.,9,-,如何推断隐含意义？,寻找相关信息点,研读其字面意义,结合语境进行推断,理解作者的言外之意,10,-,技巧点拨,1.判断有据，推断有理，忠于原文,2.全面分析：不可断章取义,3.善于揣摩作者思路,11,-,排除干扰项,1.原文信息的简单重复,4.符合常识，但文章中没有信息支持,3.与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论,2.推理过度的片面结论,12,-,Whohasmorequestions,ateacherorastudent?Aboutthisquestionagreatlearnedmantoldhisstudentthatnobodydoesbutateacher.Thestudentgotpuzzled.Withasmile,theteacherdrewtwocircles（圆）.Within（在里面）thelargeroneismyknowledgeofthings,andwithinthesmalleroneisyours.Outofthecirclesisstillunknowntobothofus.Sincemineislarger,asyoucansee,thelinethatmarksoutthecircleislonger.Thatmakesitclearthatwhohasmorechances（机会）tofacesomethingstillunknown.,Attheendofthestory,thegreatlearnedmanconcluded（推断）that_.A.astudentshouldlearnfromhisteacherB.ateacherdoesnothavesomanyquestionsashisstudentC.astudentknowsmorethanhisteacherD.ateacherhasmorechancestofacewhathedoesntknow,13,-,Therehaveneverbeenmanyadventurers.Youcanreadstoriesaboutmencalledadventurers.Buttheywerereallybusinessmen.Therewassomethingtheywanted-alady,ormoney,oracountry,orhonor.Andsotheygotit.Butatrueadventurerisdifferent.Hestartswithoutanyspecialpurpose.Heisreadyforanythinghemaymeet.Therehavebeenmanyhalf-adventurers.Andtheyweregreatmen.Historyisrichwiththeirstories.Buteachofthemhadaspecialpurpose.Theywerenotfollowersoftrueadventurers.InthebigcityofNewYork,RomanceandAdventurearealwayswaiting.Aswewalkalongthestreet,theyarewatchingus.Welookupsuddenlyandseeafaceinawindow.Thefaceseemstointerestusstrangely.Orinaquietstreet,wehearacryoffearandpaincomingfromahousewherenoonelives.Acartakesustoastrangedoor,insteadoftoourown.Thedoor,14,-,opensandweareaskedtoenter.Ateverycorner,eyeslooktowardus,orhandsareraised,orfingerspoint.Adventureisoffered.Butfewofusarereadytoaccept.Wearereadytodoonlythethingswedoeveryday.Wewishtodoonlythethingsthateveryoneelsedoes.Wemoveon;andsomedaywecometotheendofalongquietlife.Thenwebegintothink.Then,whenitistoolate,wearesorrythatwehaveneverknowntrueRomanceandAdventure.,Inwhatwaydoestheauthorsayatrueadventureisdifferentfromabusinessman?A.Heisreadyforanythinghemaymeet.B.Heisnotinterestedinmoney.C.Heenjoysexcitementwhileabusinessmandoesnot.D.Atrueadventureisromantic,whileabusinessmanisdull.,15,-,推断人物性格观点或态度,Part2,16,-,人物的观点和态度,objective客观的neutral中立的subjective主观的positive积极的negative消极的approval赞成的disapproval不赞成的critical批评的.,17,-,设问方式：,Thewritersattitudetowards.is_.Thewriterthoughtthat_.Accordingtotheauthor,_.,18,-,技巧点拨,注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子,19,-,MrsSmithtreatedherlittledogquite_.A.cruellyB.fairlyC.kindlyD.unfriendly,ItwasMondy.MrsSmithsdogwashungry,buttherewasnotanymeatinthehouse.Consideringthattherewasnobetterway.MrsSmithtookapieceofpaper,andwrotethefollowingwordsonit:“Givemydoghalfapoundofmeat.”Thenshegavethepapertoherdogandsaidgently:“Takethistothebutcher(personwhosejobissellingmeat),andhesgoingtogiveyouyourlunchtoday.”,20,-,Ifsomeoneasksme:“Doyoulikemusic?”ImsureIwillanswerhimorher:“Ofcourse,Ido.”becauseIthinkmusicisanimportantpartofourlives.Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutmusic.Forme,Ilikerockmusicbecauseitssoexciting.Andmyfavoriterockband,the“FoxyLadies”（酷妹）isoneofthemostfamousrockbandsintheworld.Ialsolikepopmusic.MyclassmateLiLanlovesdancemusic,becausesheenjoysdancing.Mybestfriend,Jane,likesjazzmusic（爵士乐）.Shethinksjazzisreallycool.“Ilikedancemusicandrockverymuch.”saysmybrother,“becausetheyareamazing.”Butmymotherthinksrockisboring.“Ilikesomerelaxing（轻松的）music,”shesays.Thatswhyshelikescountrymusic,Ithink.,Thewritersmotherthinksthatcountrymusicis_.A.amazingB.boringC.relaxingD.disappointing,21,-,“Iwouldalmostratherseeyoudead.”BobertS.Cassatt,aleadingbankerofPhiladelphia,shoutedwhenhistwenty-year-oldeldestdaughterannouncedthatshewantedtobecomeanartist.Inthe19thcentury,playingatdrawingorpaintingondisheswasallrightforayounglady,butseriousworkinartwasnot.Andwhentheyoungladysfamilyrackedamong(挤身于)thebestofPhiladelphiassocial(社会各界的)families,suchanideacouldnotevenbeconsidered.ThatwashowMaryCassatt,born1844,beganherstruggleasanartist.Shedidnottremble(颤抖)beforeherfathersanger,sheopposed(反对)himwithcourageandatlastmadehimchangehismind.MaryCassattgaveuphersocialpositionandallthoughtsofathousandandafamily,whichinthosetimeswasunthinkableforayounglady.Intheend,afterlongyearsofhardworkandperseverance(坚持),shebecameAmericasmostimportantwomanartistandtheinternationally(国际上的)recognizedleadingwomanpainterofthetime.,WhatdoweknowaboutRobertCassattscharacterfromthetext?A.Hewasacruelman.B.Hewasastubborn(固执的)man.B.Heknewnothingaboutart.D.Heknewlittleabouthisdaughter.,22,-,Wearealreadyfamiliarwithcomputerscomputersworkforusathome,inofficesandinfactories.Butitisalsotruethatmanychildrentodayareusingcomputersatschoolsbeforetheycanwrite.Whatdoesthismeanforthefuture?Arethesechildrenluckyornot?Manypeoplewhodonotknowaboutcomputersthinkofthemasmachinesthatchildrenplaywith.Theyworrythatchildrendonotlearnfromexperiencebutjustfrompressingabuttonandthatthisisnotgoodforthem.Theythinkthatchildrenaregrowingnotknowingabouttherealworld.Butpeoplewhounderstandmoreaboutcomputerssaythatcomputerscanbeverygoodforchildren.Acomputercanhelpthemtolearnabouttherealworldmorequickly,tolearnwhattheywanttolearnandthinkforthemselves.Andforthefuture,dontweneedpeoplewhocanthinkclearly,whoknowhowtogetinformationquicklyanduseitwell?Whatdoyouthink?,Doesthewriterthinkcomputerisagoodthing?A.Itisntmentioned.B.No,hedoesntthinkso.C.Hedoesntknow.D.Yes,hedoes.,23,-,Onedayamansawanoldladystandingbyherexpensivecar,clearlyinneedofhelp.Sohestoppedhisoldtruckandgotout.Althoughhewassmiling,theoldladywasworried.Washegoingtohurther?Hedidntlooksafe.Themancouldseethatshewasfrightened,soinhisfriendliestvoicehesaid,“Imheretohelpyou,madam.Whydontyouwaitinthecarwhereitswarm?Bytheway,mynameisBryanAnderson.”Bryanquicklyfixedthecarandtheladythankedhim.Thensheaskedhowmuchsheshouldpayhim.ButBryanwantednomoney.Hewasjustgivingahandtosomeoneintrouble.Thiswasnormalforhim.Hesaid,“Ifyoureallywanttorepayme,nexttimeyouseesomeoneinneed,helpthemandthinkofme.”Aftersayinggoodbye,theladycontinueddowntheroaduntilshereachedasmallcafwhereshedecidedtostopforsomethingtoeat.Astheprettywaitresstookherorder,24,-,theladynoticedshewasnearlyeightmonthspregnant(怀孕).Althoughthewaitresslookedtiredshewasverykind.Astheladywasgoingtopaythe$10bill,sherememberedBryanswords.Shepaidwithahundred-dollarbill.Butwhenthewaitressreturnedwiththechangetheladywasgone.Onthetableshesawasmallnote.Thereweretearsinhereyeswhenshereadit:“SomebodyoncehelpedmethewayImhelpingyou.Ifyouwanttopaymeback,continuebeingkindtoothers.”Underthenotewereninemore$100bills.Wastheoldladyanangel?Thewaitresswassoexcitedthatshecalledherhusbandtotellhimthenews.“BryanBryanAndersonmydearyourenotgoingtobelievewhatjusthappened”,Whatcanwelearnabouttheoldladyfromthestory?A.Shewasneverkindtoothers.B.Shewasusuallyquitecareless.C.Shewasprobablyveryrich.D.Shewasnotaverygooddriver.,25,-,Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcourse,therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventures-thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains,traveledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now,however,therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivitywhichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.Iwouldconsiderbungeejumpingtobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity.Youjumpfromahighplace(perhapsabridgeorahot-airballoon)200metresabovethegroundwithanelastic(有弹性的)ropetiedtoyourankles.Youfallatupto150kilometresanhouruntiltheropestopsyoufromhittingtheground.Itissaidthatabout2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping.Otheractivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayareasriskyasbungeejumpingincludejumpingfromtallbuildinganddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliff(悬崖).,26,-,Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,diseasescouldnoteasilybecured,andlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival.(生存).Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.,Thewriterofthetexthasa_attitudetowardsdangeroussports.A.Positive(肯定的)B.negative(否定的)C.neutral(中立的)D.nervous(紧张的),27,-,推断文章出处,Part3,28,-,设问方式：,Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom_.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear_?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof,_.,29,-,技巧点拨,a.报纸：日期、地点或通讯社名称,从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：a.报纸b.广告c.产品说明,b.广告：物品价格，广告词等,c.产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的使用说明会告知服用的时间、次数、药量,30,-,Asubwayisnotjustanimportantformoftransport.Itisalsoawindowforotherpeopletolearnaboutlocalculture.Beijing,ChinaTheBeijingSubwaywasopenedin1969andistheoldestsubwaysysteminChina.Ithasaddedsomemoderntechnologies.Allstationsnowhavetouch-scre