2014高考英语知识点专项复习--语法：直接引语和间接引语

1,直接引语间接引语,2,直接引语：直接引述别人的话，前要加引号.,间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号.在多数情况下构成宾语从句.,例.Johnsaid,“Ilikereadingstorybooks.”Johnsaidthathelikedreadingstorybooks。,间接引语,直接引语,直接引语变为间接引语,1.直接引语为陈述句变为间接引语时,连接词用that,在口语中可省略.引述动词用said,told等.句型:S-V-that从句.注意:可以说saidthat从句,saidtosb.that从句,toldsb.that从句,但不可说toldthat从句.,3,Hesaid,“Iveleftmybookinmyroom.”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.,Hesaidtous,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.,若直接引语中没有间接宾语,变为间接引语时可加一个间接宾语,如me,him,her,theu,you,us等.但用told间接引语主句的谓语动词时必修加间接宾语,句型:Stoldsb.从句.,加间接宾语me,无间接宾语,间接宾语us,代词指向,4,时态变化,直接引语一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时,间接引语一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时,现在将来变过去,过去变过去完成,过去完成不变.,5,人称变化,一随主,二随宾,三不变,引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致,引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致,引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变,Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”,Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.,HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”,HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.,Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”,Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.,使间接引语中的人称与直接引语中的人称指向一致.,6,2.直接引语为一般疑问句变为间接引语时,连接词用if或whether,而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether,疑问语序变为陈述语序,引述动词用asked,句型:S-V-if/whether从句.ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.,1.Shesaidtome,“IbrokeyourCDplayer.”ShetoldmethatshehadbrokenmyCDplayer.2.Hesaidtoher,“IbrokeyourCDplayer.”HetoldherthathehadbrokenherCDplayer.,二随宾,一随主,7,“Isthisroomyoursorhis?”Heaskedmewhetherthisroomwasmineorhis.,Hesaidtome,“IamlearningEnglishnow.”HesaidtomethathewaslearningEnglishthen.,3.直接引语是特殊疑问句变为间接引语时,连接词用特殊疑问句的疑问词,疑问语序变为陈述语序.句型:S-V疑问词从句.,Theteachersaid,“Whatareyoudoingnow?”TheteacheraskedmewhatIwasdoingthen.,加间接宾语me,无间接宾语,代词指向，二随宾,间接宾语me,Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.,加间接宾语me,无间接宾语,不加间接宾语me也可,8,时间变化,next=following,before=earlier,9,Hesaid,“IllgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.,加间接宾语us,无间接宾语,“Whoishere?”heasked.Heaskedwhowasthere.,地点状语变化,Heasked,“Whichschoolareyouin?”HeaskedmewhichschoolIwasin.HeaskedwhichschoolIwasin.,herethere,加间接宾语me,无间接宾语,二随宾,二随宾,不加间接宾语me也可,10,“Whydoyoutellmetheanswertothisquestion?”SheaskedwhyItoldhertheanswertothatquestion.,指示代词变化,thisthatthesethose,注意如果直接引语是“Whatsthematter?”“Whatswrong?”“Whatsthetrouble?”,变间接引语时语序不变。,Hesaid,“whatsthematterwithyou?”Heaskedmewhatsthematterwithme.,11,Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”Heaskedushowweweregettingalong.,加间接宾语us,无间接宾语,二随宾,Hesaid,“Weshallstarttomorrow.”Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.,“DoyouknowRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied?”Jackasked.JackaskedmeifIknewRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied.,过去完成时,过去完成时,加间接宾语me,无间接宾语,Heasked,“Howfarisitfromheretoyourhome?”Heaskedhowfaritwasfromtheretomyhome.,三不变,12,4.直接引语为祈使句变为间接引语时,将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式。据语气不同引述动词有tell,ask,order,beg,advise等,句型：tell/ask/order/beg/advisesb.(not/never)todosth.“Makesurethedoorisshut,”shesaidtoherlittleson.Shetoldherlittlesontomakesurethedoorwasshut.“Dontcryanymore,”hesaidtohislittlebrother.Heaskedhislittlebrothernottocryanymore.,Hesaidtotheboy,“Comehere,youngman!”Heaskedtheboytogothere.,方向动词变化,13,Isaidtohim,“Letsstartatonce.”Isuggestedtohimthatweshouldstartatonce.Isuggestedstartingatonce.,直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggestdoingsth./thatweshoulddosth.”,应该,“Dontleavethedooropenaftermidnight,”saidMother.Mothertoldmenottoleavethedooropenaftermidnight.,comegobringtake,方向动词变化,Hesaid,“Dontmakesomuchnoise,boys.”Heorderedtheboysnottomakesomuchnoise.,14,5.直接引语为感叹句,变为由that/what/how引导的宾语从句,Hesaid,“HowhappyIam!”Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas.,Hesaid,“Whatafinedayitis!”Hesaidwhatafinedayitwas.Heexclaimedthatitwasafineday.Hesaid,“Howfinethedayis!”Hesaidhowfinethedaywas.,15,“Youvealreadygotwell,haventyou?”sheasked.SheaskedwhetherIhadalreadygotwell(康复).,6.直接引语为反意疑问句变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。,16,直接引语变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变,1.直接引语主句动词为一般现在时,一般将来时或现在完成时,变为间接引语,从句时态不变.,Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.,主句,从句:“”部分,2.直接引语的“”部分有具体的过去时间状语:过去某年,某月,某日时,变为间接引语,时态不变.,XiaoWangsaid.“IwasbornonApril2l,1980.”XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.,省略that,17,Shesaid,“IwenttherewhenIwassixyearsold.”Shesaidshehadgonetherewhenshewassixyearsold.,3.直接引语的“”部分有以when,while,since引导的表示过去的时间的时间状语从句时,时间状语从句的时态不变.,4.直接引语的“”部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时,时态保持不变。,Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.,省略that,18,Shesaidtome,“Youmusthurryup.”ShesaidthatImusthurryup.,5.直接引语的从句的谓语动词有情态动词must,need,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter,wouldrather,情态动词的过去时(should,might)等时,“Ishouldtrymybestnexttime.”Jackthought.Jackthoughtheshouldtryhisbestthenexttime.,注:mustmust/hadto,6.直接引语的“”部分是谚语、格言时,19,Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.”Theteachertoldthestudentst