2015高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧

阅读理解解题技巧,命题类,主旨大意,事实细节,词义猜测,推理判断,作者的态度意图,主旨大意型,考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题,标题或目的设题。,一、常见题干Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?,Whatisthe(main)purposeofthisarticle?Thepurposeofthepassageis_.Whatsthetopicofthearticle?Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Thepassageisintendedto_.,二、如何做主旨大意题,1)主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。2)找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：读首句抓大意读尾句抓大意读首尾段抓大意3.)无明显主题句时高频信息词任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,Text1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaventeatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast-foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.（1）主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在议论文，科技文和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。,Text2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后自然得出结论，即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。,Text3ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer.”Shusaid.“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shusaid.（3）首尾呼应为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见.通常,前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味.,Text4Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.（4）在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.,Text5Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystemAspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.alongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.,(5)从段落中寻找高频率词,任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词,Text5,Thepassageismainlyabout_.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels,注意标志词1)关注一些表强调转折关系的连词but,yet,however,infact,indeed等2)关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：onthewhole,inbrief/short,aboveall,afterall,allinall,inconclusion,inaword,inshort,asaresult,therefore,thus等3)如果主题句有show,indicate和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。,1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.,LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerSmokingisabadhabitLCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingWhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?,Themainideaofthepassageis_.,A,practice,选项特点,1.以偏概全某个具体事实、细节或评论。,2.主观臆断自己的观点或从文中片面推出的错误结论。,3.无关信息非文章事实。,(正确答案)是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；或是主题句的同义转换。,4Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterr