2016届高考语法复习之动词时态

2016届高考语法复习系列,动词时态,Aimsanddemands了解英语时态的种类、意义和作用；重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时九种时态的形式、意义和用法,高考必会的13种时态以动词learn为例：,learns,learned,willlearn,wouldlearn,islearning,waslearning,willbelearning,haslearned,hadlearned,willhavelearned,hasbeinglearning,willhavebeenlearning,hadbeenlearning,Ioften_(go)toschoolbybike.Sally_(help)herparentsdothehouseworkeverySunday.-Howshe(go)towork?sheusually(drive)towork.,go,goes,helps,Self-test1,4.Hisdaughter_(be)ashygirl,she_(notmake)friendseasily.,does,go,drives,is,doesntmake,5.Theearth_(go)aroundthesun.6.Guangdong_(lie)inthesouthofChina.,lies,一.一般现在时形式：主语+am/is/are;have/has;do/does,a.经常或习惯性的动作,c.客观真理，客观存在,b.现在的状态,1.IllwritetoherwhenI_(have)time.2.Whetheryouhelphimornot,he_(fail).3.NexttimeIlldoashe_(say).4.Thetrain_(leave)at12:00.,have,willfail,says,leaves,特别的，主句是将来时态表示将来意义，时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来；让步状语从句和方式状语从句用一般现在时表将来,表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,动词第三人称单数形式的构成：,runslikes,studiestries,staysplays,runliketeachpassstudytrystayplay,teachespasses,在动词后加-s,以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾加-es,辅音字母+y,变y为i,再+es,元音字母+y，加-s,Thetwins_(wash)theclothesyesterday.LastSaturdayafternoonhe_(play)basketballoverthere._Sally_(sing)twohoursago?,washed,played,4.Thewoman_(fall)offthemotorbikeand_(hurt)badly.5.WhenIwasinthecountryside,Ioften_(swim)intheriver.6.Weoften_(play)togetherwhenwewerechildren.,swam,fell,hurt,Self-test2,played,二.一般过去时形式：主语+was/were;did,a.过去的动作或存在的状态,b.过去经常性习惯性的动作，这时也可用would/usedtodo来表示,Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.能不能帮我一下。Couldyoulendmeyourbike?能借用一下你的自行车吗？,特别的，过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气，如情态动词could，would；动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend,Itistimeyou_(go)tobed.Iwouldratheryou_(come)tomorrow.,went,came,常用过去时的句型：Itistimethatsb.didsth是时候该做某事了wouldrathersb.didsth.宁愿某人做某事,动词一般过去时形式的构成：,moveddied,carriedcried,stoppedplanned,wantedanswered,wantanswermovediecarrycrystopplan,在动词后加-ed,以e结尾的单词加-d,辅音字母+y，变y为i,再+ed,重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写+ed,熟悉不规则动词表,观察下列句子，总结一般将来时的形式和用法。1.Hewillbebacksoon.2.Willyougotothecinemawithme?3.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?4.WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.5.HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.6.IamleavingforLondontomorrow.7.Thetrainleavesat12:00.,三.一般将来时形式：见总复习P213意义：将来要发生的动作或状态，可以表示打算、计划、安排、即将发生的事等。,Self-test3:用动词的适当形式填空。1.I_(leave)inaminute.I_(finish)allmyworkbeforeI_(leave).2.Howlong_you_（study）inourcountry?I_（plan）tobehereforaboutonemoreyear.I_（hope）tovisittheotherpartsofyourcountry.What_you_(do)afteryou_(leave)here?I_(return)homeand_(get)ajob.,amleaving,willfinish,leave,willstay,plan,hope,willdo,leave,willreturn,get,1.Hewarnedusthatthejourney_(be)verydangerous.2.Hetoldmethathe_(have)ameetingthatevening.3.I_(leave)whenhecametoseeme.4.Iheardthatthey_(return)toShanghaisoon.,Self-test4,wouldbe,wasgoingtohave,wasabouttoleave,weregoingtoreturn,四.过去将来时形式：见总复习213页意义：相对于过去某一时间将来要发生的动作或状态，与一般将来时类似。,Thetwins_(wash)theclothesnow.Look!He_(play)basketballoverthere.Listen!_Sally_(sing)?4.Mr.Brown_(write)abook.5.I_(learn)todrivethesedays.6.Mylittlebrother_(cry,always)thesedays.,arewashing,isplaying,Issinging,isalwayscrying,iswriting,Self-test5,五.现在进行时形式：am/is/aredoing,a.说话时正在发生的事,amlearning,b.现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时动作未必正在进行）,c.与always/forever/constantly/continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,比较：1.Sheisfoolish.2.Sheisbeingfoolish.,wants,动词be的现在进行时后接一些形容词,表示一时的表现或暂时的状态,这一类形容词有angry,careful,clever,stupid,kind,brave,friendly,rude,polite,（生性如此）,（一时的表现）,3.Thepoormanishungrynow.He_(want)togetsomethingtoeat.,不用进行时的动词1）表示事实状态的动词，如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。例如：Ihavetwobrothers.我有两兄弟。Thishousebelongstomysister.这房子是我姐的。,不用进行时的动词2）表示心理状态,情感的动词，如know,realize,think,see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。例如：Ineedyourhelp.我需要你的帮助。Helovesherverymuch.他爱她很深。3）瞬间动词，如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等。例如：Iacceptyouradvice.我接受你的劝告。4）系动词，如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,等。例如：Youseemalittletired.你看上去有点累。,1.I_(read)thistimeyesterday.2.It_(rain)whentheyleftthestation.,3.-Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!-Oh,Imterriblysorry._.A.ImnotnoticingB.IwasntnoticingC.IhaventnoticeD.Idontnotice,4.I_(learn)todrivelastsummer.,wasreading,wasraining,waslearning,Self-test6,六.过去进行时形式：was/weredoing,a.表示过去某时正在进行的动作或状态，经常跟when/while时间状语从句连用,b.过去某一阶段在从事的事情,1.I_(spend)allofmymoneysofar.2.Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Myfather_(go)towork.3.Mom,I_(finish)myhomework.CanIwatchTVnow?4.Mary_(ill)forthreedays.5.I_(live)heresince1998.6.Myfather_(be)inShanghaifortwomonths./sincetwomonthsago.,havespent,hasgone,hasbeenill,havelived,hasbeen,Self-test7,havefinished,七.现在完成时形式：have/hasdone,a.表示已发生或完成的动作对现在有影响,b.表示动作从过去某一时刻一直持续到现在,用现在完成时的典型场合:1“since过去时间”或“since从句（从句中用一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时,e.g.Ihaventseenhersincelastweek.WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?2句中有sofar，in/for/during/overthepast(last)fewyears(months),uptonow,untilnowe.g.Sofartherehasbeennonews.Thepriceofhousehasdoubledoverthepasttenyears.3“It/This/Thatisthefirst（second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/Thatisthe最高级that从句”e.g.,It/This/ThatisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoZhejiang.It/This/ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.（注:以上句型把is改为was,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）,Comparethesentences:Ivelivedherefortenyears.Ilivedherefortenyears.Hehasboughtahouse.Heboughtahouse.,（现在仍住在这儿）,（现在不住在这儿）,（现在已拥有这房子）,现在拥不拥有这房子,不知道,只是知道买了房子,现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1)现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果,而一般过去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语如：yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语如：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,already,recently,lately等,1.Ithasbeenrainingsincetwodaysago.,2.-Isntithardtodrivedowntowntowork?-Yes,thatswhyI_toworkbytrain.havebeengoinghavegonewasgoingtowillhavegone,八.现在完成进行时形式：have/hasbeendoing意义：表示动作从过去某一时刻起延续到现在并且还可能继续下去,He_(live)hereforthenyearsbeforeIcame.Bytheendoflasttermwe_(learn)about3,000newwords.Whentheteacheraskedhimtodohishomework,hesaidhe_(finish)it.,hadlived,hadlearned,hadfinished,Self-test8,九.过去完成时形式：haddone意义：表示过去某个时间以前发生的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”,使用过去完成时的句子中常出现before,by,once,until,when等时间状语，或由他们引导的时间状语从句中的主句部分,Theteacheraskedthestudentswhethertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.Hesaid(that)hehadneverbeentoBeijing.,用于接在tell,say,ask,know,think等动词后的宾语从句中表示发生在它们之前的动作,