机械工程专业英语(完整版）教案

机械工程专业英语Specified English for Mechanical Engineering,电子教案,一、课程的性质,机械专业英语是为使学生能更好学习国内外先进机电数控技术，紧跟制造业的先进发展方向而开设的一门课程。是机械类专业必修的一门专业基础课。该课程简单介绍了材料、模具、液压、机电一体化、先进制造技术、数控等专业常识。重点培养机械及相关专业学生能阅读掌握科技领域的英语表达方式和常用词汇及帮助学生了解机械工程高新技术的发展情况。通过本课程的教学，能够使学生在已有的英语基础上进一步提高听、说、读、写、译的能力和在机械领域的涉外英语交际能力。,二、课程的作用,学习本门课程是为了更好地帮助学生进一步适应国际、国内专业发展的需要, 提高直接阅读原文和翻译有关专业英语书刊的能力,学习和借鉴国内外先进的机械制造技术,从而推进我国机械行业和机械产品的快速发展。,三、课程的任务和基本要求,通过本课程的学习使同学们在基础英语的学习基础上进一步掌握科技英语常用的翻译方法、技巧等，学会科技论文、摘要及关键词的写作方法；掌握机械类英语专业词汇及其用法；能够阅读专业英语读物，为专业的学习和提升服务。 预备知识：本课程的教学应在完成基础公共英语以及相关机械专业课程教学之后开展。,四、课程内容,1、材料模具篇（包括热处理、焊接、模具成形、铸造、锻造、冲压等）2、计算机数控篇（包括数控机床、计算机数字控制、计算机辅助设计、计算机辅助制造等）3、机械篇（包括钢的种类、机械零件、车床、切削刀具、液压、机电一体化、机器人等）,五、重点难点,重点1、掌握正确的语音、语调，词汇量的积累，语法结构的系统性； 2、听说技巧、技能的掌握和运用；3、全面阅读能力和技巧4、应用文写作的技巧；5、与专业相连接，介绍简单实用的专业英语知识,难点1、积累词汇时兴趣不大，方式不对；2、学生张口难，听说的常用句式运用的不熟练；3、专业英语与学生的生活联系不紧密，难以引起学生的兴趣,六、 教学方法与手段,教学中应以学生为中心，引导学生积极参与课堂教学，使学生掌握学习策略，适应自主学习，转变学习角色，变被动为主动；适当的以学习、生活、工作情景为主线，突破教材的束缚，重构、有序的整合教学内容；引入专业知识，实现在真实情境中学习和掌握知识，最终提高英语能力；应以培养学生综合应用能力为重点，全面提高学生的专业素质。,1、教师在课堂上应对机械工程的基本术语、原理进行必要的讲授，并详细讲授每章的重点、难点内容；2、讲授中应注意理论联系实际，通过实物展示、实验等方式启迪学生的思维，加深学生对有关概念、理论等内容的理解；3、应适当采用多媒体辅助教学，加大课堂授课的知识含量；4、每个单元都应安排习题讲解讨论课，进行习题讲解之前，教师应先向学生布置部分习题，讲解讨论中，教师应进行必要的提示并及时进行总结；5、在主要章节讲授完之后，要布置各章节的小结，旨在加深学生对所学知识的理解、运用，拓宽学生的知识面。,Unit 1,一、单词详解1、ferrous adj. 铁的，含铁的 Metals are divided into ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The former contain iron and the latter do not contain iron. 金属分为黑色金属和有色金属。前者含铁,后者不含铁。 2、nonferrous adj. 不含铁的，非铁的 Cold rolling is carried out at room temperature. Usually it is used for the softer non-ferrous metals. 冷轧在室温下进行，一般用于较软的有色金属。,Unit 1,3、element n. 要素；元素Hydride: Inorganic compound of hydrogen with another element. 氢化物:氢与另一种化学元素的无机化合物。4、tough adj. 强硬的，坚韧的 Pills formed from synthetic fibers of high breaking strength remain on the surface because they are too strong and tough to be abraded away. 由高强度的合成纤维生成的纤维球会一直粘附在织物的表面,这是因为纤维的强度过高以至于不会因摩擦而掉落。5、ductile adj. 可延伸的，可塑的，韧性的 A line of continuously - applied ductile material,such as solder or caulking compound. 焊料可延伸、拉长的金属线，尤指焊料或粘性添充物。,Unit 1,6、hardness n. 硬度A stone once believed to be impenetrable in its hardness. 硬石，金刚石一种曾被认为在硬度上不可穿透的石头。 7、rust vt. 使生锈；vi. 生锈；Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 铁与水和空气起反应而生锈。 n. 铁锈“Rust consumes iron, and envy consumes itself” 铁锈腐蚀钢铁,妒忌伤害自身。,Unit 1,8、corrosion n. 侵蚀，腐蚀状态The presence of contaminants in the system can significantly affect the corrosion resistance and compatibility of many metals. 在系统内存在污染物会大大地影响许多材料的抗腐蚀性和相容性。9、brittle adj. 易碎的，脆的 crazing is the invariable precursor of brittle fracture 出现小裂纹必然是脆性断裂的前兆。,Unit 1,10、hammer n. 锤，榔头； v(i,t). 锤打（击，炼），锻（造） Hit the nail with the hammer. 用锤子敲打钉子。11、ductility n. 延展性，韧性 A metal having high ductility, such as copper or soft iron, will fail or break gradually as the load on it is increased. 韧性很高的金属，例如铜或者熟铁，随着载荷的增加，破坏或断裂是逐渐进行的。,Unit 1,12、sustainvt. 支持，维持 13、excellent adj. 优秀的，卓越的，杰出的 This preservative has given excellent performance as a treatment for transmission poles 这种防腐剂作为通讯电杆的处理剂具有很好的性能。14、shock n. 打击，振动 Waterproof, shock-resistant and antimagnetic. 防水、防震、防磁。,Unit 1,二、难句解析1、 The more carbon the steel contains and the quicker the cooling is, the harder it becomes. 钢的含碳量越高，冷却速度越快，钢就变得越硬。 句中的“the more, the more”结构，表示“越，越”。 本句中的比较状语从句为“ the more carbon the steel contain and the quicker the cooling is”,主句为 “the harder it becomes”。句中的第一个 “the” 和第二个 “the” 均为副词，分别引出两个并列的比较状语从句。,Unit 1,2、 Some alloying elements ( such as chromium and tungsten ) make the grain of steel finer, thus increasing the hardness and strength of steel, because the finer the grain is, the stronger the steel becomes. 一些合金元素（如铬、钨）可细化钢的晶粒，使钢的强度和硬度增加，因为晶粒越细，强度越高。 句中“the finer the grain is, the stronger the steel becomes”同样使用了“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构来表示“越，越”。 句中“thus increasing the hardness and strength of steel, because the finer the grain is, the stronger the steel becomes”为现在分词短语作状语，作伴随情况的说明。3、 Nodular iron is a variation of gray cast iron, and has a microscopic structure that overcomes most of the limitations of gray cast iron. 球墨铸铁是灰铸铁的一个变种，它能够克服灰铸铁的大部分缺陷。,Unit 1,三、阅读材料难句翻译1、 Metal materials have some fundamental capabilities, such as hardness, strength, density, thermal conductivity and so on. 金属材料具有某些基本性能，比如硬度、强度、密度、韧性、导热性等。 2、 Due to its good plasticity and fluidity， the plastic can not only be used in injection molding, but also be extruded or cast into shapes. 由于其良好的可塑性和流动性，塑料不仅能注塑成型，还能挤压和浇铸成型。,Unit 1,3、 Because of its high elasticity and electric insulation, rubber can be used in making tires, shock absorbers, airproof loops and electric insulation. 橡胶因为具有高弹性和绝缘性，常被用来制作轮胎、减震器、密封圈和电绝缘材料。 4、 Metal workparts are ordinarily needed heat-treating operations (such as normalizing, anneal, temper and quencher) to enhance physical properties of materials. 金属工件通常需要热处理工序（如正火、退火、回火和淬火）来提高其材料的物理特性。,Unit 1,5、 The knowledge of mechanical properties of materials is very essential in order to construct a mechanically sound structure such as a bridge on the river. 材料的力学性能方面的知识，对建造坚固的机械结构（例如跨河的桥梁）是极为重要的。 6、 Strength or Mechanical Strength of a material may be defined as the ability of the material to sustain loads without undue distortion or failure. 材料的强度或机械强度可定义为：材料能随载荷而不过度变形或断裂的能力。,Unit 2,一、单词详解1、significant adj. 重要的 A significant cause of mismanagement is the granting of authority without exacting responsibility 管理不善的一个重要原因是只授予职权而不给明确责任。 有效的It is easy to demonstrate that the addition of inorganic fertilizers makes rapid and significant improvements in crop yields. 加入无机肥料迅速有效地增加作物产量，这一点很容易证实。,Unit 2,2、ultimate adj. 最终的 Increased coagulant dosage results in greater sludge yield for ultimate disposal . 增加凝聚剂用量会增大最后处理的污泥量。 首要的，主要的The ultimate goal of a simulation is to approximate chamber pressure so as to detect and define the source of undesired pressure variation. 模拟的主要目标是在接近室压下探测和确定不希望有的压力变化的来源。,Unit 2,3、predictable adj. 可预（示，测，报）言的Rules of origin should be objective, understandable and predictable. 原产地规则应是客观的、可理解的和可预测的 4、initial adj. 开始的，最初的To dwindle away to nothing after an initial display of strength. 龙头蛇尾。 This is the reason why automotive engineers say that initial starting and warm-up of the engine is hardest on the engine and wears it the most. 由于这个原因,汽车工程师们说发动机最初的启动和预热是很难对付的,并会使发动机受到最大的损坏。,Unit 2,5、process n. 过程，程序，工艺过程，方法Glasses and contact lenses do not interfere with the scanning process, and it takes only a brief moment 一般眼镜与隐形眼镜都不会干扰扫描过程，而且扫描仅需短暂的时间。 6、incorporation n. 结合，联合，合并，包含，掺入 The incorporation of preservative components in the adhesive is virtually the only relistic method for treating chipboard 把这种防腐剂化合物混合到胶粘剂中对于处理碎料板是唯一有效的实用方法。公司 To obtain this charter, the organizers of the corporation submit an application called the articles of incorporation. 为获得该执照,公司的创建人需提交申请,称为公司章程。,Unit 2,7、encompass vt. 包含，包括 The nutrients in foods include the energy nutrients-carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. They also encompass the minerals and vitamins.食物中的营养素包括能量营养素碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质,也包括矿物质和维生素。 Racial harmony should encompass three main factors: mutual respect, social harmony and good public security.种族和睦应该拥有三要素:相互尊重、社会生活协调、良好的社会治安环境。 8、suitable adj. 适当的，适合的 Use a suitable hand truck designed for cylinder movement. Do not drag, roll, or slide containers on their sides。 使用设计用于钢瓶搬运的合适的手推车。禁止拖拉、旋转或滑动容器。,Unit 2,9、piece n. 工件，零件，一块 He stabbed a piece of meat from the plate with his fork. 他用叉子从盘子里叉起一块肉。 10、regular adj.有规律的, 定期的, 定时的He leads a regular life.他过着有规律的生活。均匀的; 整齐的; 对称的His nose is regular.他的鼻子很匀称。,Unit 2,11、homogeneous adj.同性质的, 同类的They are homogeneous people.他们是同类人。12、in most cases 在大多数情况下 in some cases 有些情况下，有时 in any cases 无论如何 in case（of）以防，万一 Take my umbrella in case it rains。带上伞以防下雨。,Unit 2,13、elevate vt.举起, 提高He elevated the blinds.他拉起了百叶窗。提升He was elevated.他受到提拔。鼓舞, 使更有修养The good news elevated everyones spirits.这个好消息鼓舞了每个人的情绪。,Unit 2,14、absorption吸收,；吸收过程；吸收作用They work on a principle of heat absorption.他们研究吸热的原理。专注，专心致志Complete absorption in sports interfered with his studies.专注于运动妨碍了他的学业。15、diffusion n.扩散;散布;弥漫equation of convective diffusion 对流扩散方程,Unit 2,16、subsequently sub- 下 + sequently 连续地，相继地 adv.其后,随后,接着Brooke was arrested and subsequently sentenced to five years imprisonment.布鲁克被逮捕,其后被判五年监禁。,Unit 2,二、难句解析1、 Tempering of steel is a process in which previously hardened or normalized steel is heated to a temperature below the transformation range and cooled at a suitable rate, primarily to increase ductility and toughness. 钢的回火是将淬火或正火后的钢加热到相变温度以下某一温度，并以适当的速度冷却，其目的主要是为了提高钢的塑性和韧性的一种（热处理）工艺。 句中“which”引导的是定语从句，修饰“a process”。 2、 Annealing may be carried out either to soften a work piece that is too hard to machine or to remachine a work piece that has already been hardened. 若工件过硬，无法机加工，或是要重新机加工已经淬硬的工件，这时可进行退火以使钢材软化。 不定式短语“either to soften or to remachine”在句中作目的状语。,Unit 2,3、 Low carbon steels do not become hard when subjected to such a heat treatment because of the small amount of carbon contained. 低碳钢由于含碳量低，因此在经受这种热处理时材质不会变硬。 “when subjected to”是“when it is subjected to”的省略形式。4、 If it is necessary to obtain a hard surface on a part made of such steel,surface-hardening operation must be carried out. 如欲在低碳钢制成的零件表面获得硬的表面层，就必须进行表面硬化处理。 “If it is necessary to obtain a hard surface on a part made of such steel”中“it”是形式主语，“to obtain a hard surface on a part made of such steel”是真正的主语。 “made of such steel”是“a part”的后置定语。,Unit 2,三、阅读材料难句翻译1、 There are three solid solutions of importance -ferrite, austenite (), and ferrite () and one intermetallic compoundcementite (Fe3C). 有三种重要的固溶体：-铁素体，奥氏体，-铁素体，还有一种金属间化合物渗碳体。2、 The dividing point between steels and cast irons is 2.11%C, or where the eutectic reaction becomes possible. 钢和铸铁的分界点是在含碳量2.11%处，或是在共晶反应可能发生的点上。,Unit 2,3、 Bainite is a nonlamellar mixture of ferrite and cementite obtained by transformation of austenite at a large undercooling. 贝氏体是一种非片状的铁素体和渗碳体的混合物，它可以在较大过冷度条件下由奥氏体转变而得。4、 Tempered martensite, a mixture of very fine cementite in ferrite, forms when martensite is reheated following its formation. 回火马氏体，是细小渗碳体分布在铁素体上的混合物，只有当马氏体被重新加热后才会形成回火马氏体。,Unit 2,5、 The A3 shows the temperature at which ferrite starts to form on cooling; the Acm shows the temperature at which cementite starts to form; and the A1 is the eutectoid temperature. A3线表示冷却过程中铁素体开始形成的温度；Acm线表示渗碳体开始形成的温度；A1线是共析反应发生的温度。,Unit 3,一、单词详解1、join vt.&vi. 连接,接合；使结合 Parallel lines are lines that never join.平行线是永不相交的线。To join these two pieces of metal, it will be necessary to heat them.要把这两块金属接合起来, 就要将它们加热。加入, 参加, 同一起做某事He was eighteen years old when he joined the army.他18岁参军。John joined a football club a few days ago.约翰几天前加入了一个足球俱乐部。,Unit 3,2、intense adj. 强烈的，剧烈的；激烈的 Flashtube, also flash tube: a gas discharge tube used in an electronic flash to produce a brief, intense flash of light. 闪光管：一种用于在电子闪光时产生短暂而强烈的光束的气体释放管。 intense competition 激烈的竞争3、molten adj. 熔化的，熔融的 Bessemer process:a method for making steel by blasting compressed air through molten iron to burn out excess carbon and impurities. 贝塞麦炼钢法:吹入压缩空气通过熔融的钢铁以燃尽多余的碳和杂质的一种炼钢方法。,Unit 3,4、pass through 经过, 通过A diameter passes through the center of a circle.直径从圆心穿过。经历, 遭受5、globular adj. 球状的，由小球形成的globular projection球面投影法globular proteins球蛋白,Unit 3,6、fusevt.&vi. 熔化，融合 The wax from the two candles fused as they burned.两根蜡烛上的蜡燃烧时熔化在一起。n.保险丝, 熔丝Your fuse has blown because you have overloaded the circuit.你的保险丝烧断了，因为你让线路超过了负荷。7、gas n.气体Fluid includes both gasses and liquids.流体包括气体和液体。煤气,Unit 3,8、gas welding 气焊9、release vt.释放; 放开They released the prisoners.他们释放了俘虏。He released her arm.他放开了她的手臂。n.释放, 排放, 解除After my examination I had a feeling of release.考完试后我有如释重负之感。,Unit 3,10、fuel n.燃料Soot is usually the product of the imperfect combustion of fuel.煤烟通常是燃料不完全燃烧的产物。Clean fuel: Fuel that causes little or no pollution. 清洁燃料：几乎或者完全不产生污染的燃料。 vt.给加燃料, 给加油They are fueling a car with petrol.他们正在给汽车加汽油。11、oxygen n.化氧, 氧气No living things can live without oxygen.没有氧生物就无法生存。,Unit 3,12、burn vt.&vi. (使燃料)燃烧 The fire burnt the grass quickly.大火很快把草烧着了。“Old wood is best to burn, old horse to ride” 旧柴好烧,老马好骑烧毁，烧坏The house burnt years ago.这栋房子多年前被烧毁。 13、mixture n. 混合物；混合状态Air is a mixture, not a compound of gases.空气是气体的混合物, 不是化合物。,Unit 3,14、tank n.油水箱, 罐, 槽There is still some gasoline left in the tank.油箱里还剩下一些汽油。坦克15、ordinary adj.普通的, 平常的；平庸的, 平淡的That is only an ordinary incident.这只不过是日常小事。,Unit 3,16、outstanding adj. 突出的；显著的；出众的 She is a painter outstanding for her landscapes.她是一位以风景画而出名的画家。17、portable adj.便于携带的; 手提式的; 轻便的a portable test instrument 便携式测试仪器The portable instrument must combine sensitivity with light weight and the ability to resist shock and moisture. 可携式仪器应综合下列性能:足够灵敏，重量轻，防震，防潮。,Unit 3,18、inefficient adj. 效率低的 【反义词】efficient 高效的19、concentrate vt. 注意I cant concentrate when Im hungry.我饿了就无法集中精力。聚集A convex lens is used to concentrate rays of light. 凸透镜用于聚集光线。 浓缩concentrate on (upon) 集中在，专心于,Unit 3,二、难句解析1、 Spot welding is usually done on sheet metal up to about 3mm thick, but sometimes even on thicker metals. 点焊通常用于焊接厚度不超过3mm的金属薄板，但有时也可焊接稍厚一些的金属板。 句中“but sometimes even on thicker metals”为省略句，全句为“but sometimes it is even on thicker metals”。,Unit 3,2、 Basically all that is needed is a torch, hose, regulators, and cylinders of acetylene and oxygen, all these components being small, portable items. 基本上所需的全部东西就是焊炬、软管、调压器、乙炔瓶和氧气瓶，所有的这些部件体积都很小，又很轻便。 句中“all these components being small, portable items”相当于“and all these components are small, portable items”。是带有自己逻辑主语的现在分词短语。,Unit 3,3、 Another advantage of the gas-shielded arc is that a neater and sounder weld can be made because there is very little smoke, fumes, or sparks to contend with. 气体保护电弧焊的另一个优点是焊接时由于产生的烟雾火花少，因而能得到较为整洁的牢固的焊缝。 句中“that”引导表语从句；“to contend with”中“with”的宾语为此不定式所修饰的名词smoke、fumes、or sparks，为防止重复，因此将“with”后的宾语省略。,Unit 3,三、阅读材料难句翻译1、 There are many casting processes available today, and selecting the best one to produce a particular part depends on several basic factors, such as cost, size, production rate, finish, tolerance, section thickness, physical-mechanical properties, intricacy of design, machinability, and weldability. 目前，有许多铸造方法，对特定铸件所选择的最好的铸造方法，取决于几个基本因素，比如成本、尺寸、生产率、光洁度（我国标准名词术语现称作表面粗糙度）、公差、截面厚度、物理化学特性、设计难度、可加工性和可焊性等。,Unit 3,2、 Sand casting is best suited for iron and steel at their high melting temperatures but also predominates for aluminum, brass, bronze, and magnesium. 砂型铸造最适合高温熔化下的铁和钢，同时在铝、黄铜、青铜和镁的铸造中也占主导地位。 3、 Hot forging is defined as the controlled, plastic deformation or working of metals into predetermined shapes by means of pressure or impact blows, or a combination of both. 热锻被定义为可控制的金属塑性变形或金属加工，利用压力或冲击打击使金属成为预定的形状，或者是两者的组合。,Unit 3,4、 Deformation is affected by the stress inherent in the metal, the microstructural characteristics of the starting material, the temperature at which the deformation occurs, the rate at which the deformation occurs, and the frictional restraint between the material being forged and the die surface. 变形受金属内在的应力、原始材料的微观结构特性、发生变形的温度、发生变形的速度以及被锻材料与锻模表面间的摩擦限制的影响。5、 Therefore, die design and workpiece volume are more critical than in impression-die forging so that complete die filling is achieved without generating excess pressures due to overfilling. 因此，锻模设计和工件体积比在模膛模锻中更为关键，因为这样可以完全充添锻模而不会由于过量充添而产生过大压力。,Unit 3,6、 Some of the more widely used forging processes are ring rolling, orbital forging, isothermal forging, incremental forging, roll forging, wedge rolling, and electric upsetting. 一些应用更为广泛的锻造工艺有环锻、轨形锻造、等温锻造、步进锻造、滚锻、楔形轧制和电动镦粗。,Unit 4,一、单词详解1、compound n. 复合物，化合物；混合物 When two or more elements combine and form a compound, a chemical change takes place.当两种或两种以上的元素结合形成化合物时, 发生化学变化。vt. 使混合，使合成 2、powdern. 粉末；粉状物质 The machine pounds the stones into powder.这台机器把石头碾成粉末。vt. 使成粉末,Unit 4,3、barrel n. 桶，【机】圆筒4、provision n.供应, 提供, 供给The government is responsible for the provision of education for all the children.政府有责任向所有儿童提供教育。准备，防备make provision for为.作好准备; 为.预先采取措施,Unit 4,5、tension n. 拉力，张力The elongation of a body in tension above its no-load length is directly proportional to the stretching force 物体在拉伸状态下，其伸长量(相对于无负荷时的长度)与拉伸力成正比。 紧张6、knockout n. 脱模装置 7、homogeneous adj. 同性质的，同类的homogeneous light 单色光,Unit 4,8、clamping unit 合模装置 injection unit 注射装置 plunger unit 柱塞装置9、stationary plate 定模板 moving plate 动模板10、semi- pref. 【前缀】表示“半”、“部分的”、“不完全”之意。 semi-liquid 半液体的semi-automatic 半自动的semi-permanent 半永久的,Unit 4,二、难句解析1、 The process consists of feeding a plastic compound in powdered or granular form from a hopper through metering and melting stages and then injecting it into a mold. 注射工艺由两部分组成，一是提供粉状或粒状形式的塑料混合物从给料斗通过熔化和定量区，二是将其注射到型腔中。 句中“consist of” 表示“由组成”。 eg. The book consists of thirteen units. 全书共分13个单元。,Unit 4,2、 An injection molding machine is a machine for the converting, processing and forming of raw plastic material of power, pellets into a part of desired shape and configuration. 注射成型机是将粉末状或颗粒状的塑料原料转换、加工并成型为所需要的形状和结构的塑料制品的机器。 句中的“for the converting, processing and forming of raw plastic material of power, pel