文艺复兴 【英文】 Renaissance PPT.ppt

RenaissanceSpecialThanksToMs.StewartforthePowerPoint,APSStandards,WHI.13ThestudentwilldemonstrateknowledgeofdevelopmentsleadingtotheRenaissanceinEuropeintermsofitsimpactonWesterncivilizationby:identifyingtheeconomicfoundationsoftheItalianRenaissance;sequencingeventsrelatedtotheriseofItaliancity-statesandtheirpoliticaldevelopment,includingMachiavellistheoryofgoverningasdescribedinThePrince;citingartistic,literary,andphilosophicalcreativity,ascontrastedwiththemedievalperiod,includingLeonardodaVinci,Michelangelo,andPetrarch;comparingtheItalianandtheNorthernRenaissance,andcitingthecontributionsofwriters.,DoNow,Writeadefinitionfortheword,rebirth,Lesson1Objectives,SWBATidentifyfactorsthatcontributedtothebeginningoftheRenaissance,FactorsthatContributedtotheBeginningoftheRenaissance,TradeandcommerceincreasedCitiesgrewlargerandwealthierNewlywealthymerchantsandbankerssupportedthegrowthoftheartsandlearningTheRenaissancewasanageofrecoveryfromthedisastersofthe14thcentury,suchastheplague,politicalinstability,andadeclineofChurchpowerRecoverywenthand-in-handwitharebirthofinterestinancientculture(e.g.,ancientGreeceandRome)AnewviewofhumanbeingsemergedaspeopleintheItalianRenaissancebegantoemphasizeindividualability,DoNow,WhatwasoneofthefactorsthatcontributedtothebeginningoftheRenaissance?,Lesson2Objectives,SWBATdiscusswhattheRenaissancewasandwhereitbegan.SWBATsequenceeventsrelatedtotheriseofItaliancity-statesandtheirpoliticaldevelopment,includingMachiavellistheoryofgoverningasdescribedinThePrince.,TheRenaissancewasaculturalmovementandatimeofrenewal(EuropewasrecoveringfromtheDarkAgesandtheBlackDeath/BubonicPlague)Renaissancemeans“rebirth”ofclassicalknowledgeand“birth”ofthemodernworld(newintellectualandartisticideasthatdevelopedduringtheRenaissancemarkedthebeginningofthemodernworld),WhatwastheRenaissance?,WheredidtheRenaissancebegin?,ItalyItalianCitiesUrbanSocietiesMajorTradingCentersSecularMovementPeoplelosttheirfaithinthechurchandbegantoputmorefocusonhumanbeingsandmaterialpossessions,WhendidtheRenaissanceTakePlace?,Roughlythe14thtothe17thcentury,HowdidtheCrusadescontributetotheRenaissance?,Crusades(10951291)=ReligiouslysanctionedmilitarycampaignswagedbyRomanCatholicsagainstMuslimswhohadoccupiedtheneareastsincetheRashidunCaliphate(foundedafterMuhammadsdeathin632,theRashidunCaliphatewasoneofthelargestempiresofthetimeperiod)IncreaseddemandforMiddleEasternproductsStimulatedproductionofgoodstotradeinMiddleEasternmarketsEncouragedtheuseofcreditandbanking,TheBlackDeath:BubonicPlague,1330s-AnoutbreakofdeadlybubonicplagueoccurredinChinaMainlyaffectsrodents,butfleascantransmitthediseasetopeopleOncepeopleareinfected,theyinfectothersveryrapidlyPlaguecausesfever,painfulswellingofthelymphglands,andspotsontheskinthatareredatfirstandthenturnblack=BlackDeathSinceChinawasoneofthebusiestoftheworldstradingnations,itwasonlyamatteroftimebeforetheoutbreakofplagueinChinaspreadtowesternAsiaandEuropeIn1347,ItalianmerchantshipsreturnedfromatriptotheBlackSea,oneofthekeylinksintradewithChina.WhentheshipsdockedinSicily(Italy),manyofthoseonboardwerealreadydyingofplague.Withindaysthediseasespreadtothecityandthesurroundingcountryside,BubonicPlagueContinued,Afterfiveyears25millionpeopleweredead-one-thirdofEuropespopulation.Evenwhentheworstwasover,smalleroutbreakscontinued,notjustforyears,butforcenturies.Thesurvivorslivedinconstantfearoftheplaguesreturn,andthediseasedidnotdisappearuntilthe1600s.Thediseasetookitstollonthechurchaswell.PeoplethroughoutChristendomhadprayeddevoutlyfordeliverancefromtheplague.Whyhadntthoseprayersbeenanswered?Anewperiodofpoliticalturmoilandphilosophicalquestioninglayahead.,PoliticalIdeasoftheRenaissance,NiccolMachiavelli(1469-1527)AnItalianPhilosopherandWriterbasedinFlorenceduringtheRenaissanceThePrince(Publishedin1532)Machiavellibelieved:“Onecanmakethisgeneralizationaboutmen:theyareungrateful,fickle,liars,anddeceivers,theyshundangerandaregreedyforprofit”Machiavelliobservedcity-staterulersofhisdayandproducedguidelinesforhowtogainandmaintainpower.AbsoluteRuleHefeltthatarulershouldbewillingtodoanythingtomaintaincontrolwithoutworryingaboutconscience.,BetterforarulertobefearedthantobelovedRulershouldbequickanddecisiveindecisionmakingRulerkeepspowerbyanymeansnecessaryTheendjustifiesthemeansBegoodwhenpossible,andevilwhennecessary,Today,theterm“Machiavellian”referstotheuseofdeceitinpolitics,VideoClip,DiscoveryEducation“ThePoliticsofThePrince”,GuidedPractice,ExcerptsfromMachiavellis,ThePrinceChapterXVIIWhetheritisbettertobelovedthanfearedChapterXVIIIHowrulersshouldkeeptheirpromises,DoNow:Lesson3A,HowdidItaliancity-statesinfluencetheRenaissance?,Lesson3Objectives,SWBATsequenceeventsrelatedtotheriseofItaliancity-statesandtheirpoliticaldevelopmentandidentifytheeconomicfoundationsoftheItalianRenaissance(e.g.,explaintheimportanceofthegrowthoftowns,theriseofamoneyeconomy,andthedevelopmentofindependentcity-statestothebirthandspreadofRenaissanceideas),MajorItalianCity-States,Milan,Venice,Florence,TyrrhenianSea,AdriaticSea,MilanOneoftherichestcities,itcontrolstradethroughtheAlps.,VeniceLocatedontheAdriaticSea,itisamajortraderoutebetweenAsiatheyruledFlorenceforover70years.,CentralizedPower,Onegoverningauthority(ex.U.S.FederalGovernment;principals)controlspoweroverseveralsmallerentities(ex.Stategovernments;teachers),Reminder,Renaissancemeans“rebirth”ofinterestinancientculture(GreeceandRome),28.4TheInfluenceofItalianCity-States,DoNow:Lesson3B,Howdoestradehelpspreadculture,ideas,beliefs,etc.?,28.3TheGrowthofTradeandCommerce,Activity:Act-It-Out,WorkingroupsEachgroupwillreceiverolecardsReviewrolecardsanduseinfo.fromtheReading(28.3)togenerateideasforhowtoaccuratelybringyourcharactertolifeTakeafewminutestoprepareandpracticeEachgroupwillconducttheAct-It-Out,DoNow,WhydoyouthinkartwassoinfluentialduringtheRenaissance?,Lesson4Objectives,SWBATciteartistic,literary,andphilosophicalcreativity,ascontrastedwiththemedievalperiod,by:Learningabouttheelementsofclassical,medieval,andRenaissanceartIdentifyingtheperiodclassical,medieval,orRenaissanceinwhichsixartworkswerecreated,TheRenaissanceproducednewideasthatwerereflectedinthearts,philosophy,andliterature.Patrons,wealthyfromnewlyexpandedtrade,sponsoredworkswhichglorifiedcity-statesinnorthernItaly.Educationbecameincreasinglysecular.,Classicalartshowedtheimportanceofpeopleandleaders,aswellasgodsandgoddessesMedievalartandliteraturefocusedontheChurchandsalvationRenaissanceartandliteraturefocusedontheimportanceofpeopleandnature,alongwithreligion,Activity:Classical,Medieval,orRenaissance?,Think,Pair,ShareLookateachpieceofartworkanddeterminewhichperiodtheartworkisfrom:Classical,Medieval,orRenaissanceListthreereasonsforyourchoiceUseyournotesandtheinformationfromyourreading(HistoryAlive!28.2)forhelp,Share,Now,letsseehowwedid!Classical=Raise1FingerMedieval=Raise2FingersRenaissance=Raise3Fingers,ClassicalArtHistoryAlive!Pg.316Discobolus,Figureswerelifelikebutoftenidealized(moreperfectthaninreallife)Figureswerenudeordrapedintogas(robes)Bodieslookedactive,andmotionwasbelievableFaceswerecalmandwithoutemotionScenesshowedeitherheroicfiguresorrealpeopledoingtasksfromdailylife,MedievalArtHistoryAlive!Pg.317NarthexTympanum,Mostartwasreligious,showingJesus,saints,peoplefromtheBible,andsoonImportantfiguresinpaintingswereshownaslargerthanothersaroundthemFigureslookedstiff,withlittlesenseofmovementFigureswerefullydressedinstiff-lookingclothingFaceswereseriousandshowedlittlefeelingPaintcolorswerebright,RenaissanceArtHistoryAlive!Pg.317TheSchoolofAthens,ArtistsshowedreligiousandnonreligiousscenesArtreflectedagreatinterestinnatureFigureswerelifelikeandthree-dimensional,reflectinganincreasingknowledgeofanatomyBodieslookedactiveandwereshownmovingFigureswereeithernudeorclothedScenesshowedrealpeopledoingeverydaytasksFacesexpressedwhatpeoplewerethinkingPaintingswereoftensymmetrical(balanced,withtherightandleftsideshavingsimilaroridenticalelements),DoNow,DescribesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenMedievalartandRenaissanceart,Lesson5Objectives,SWBAT:Citeartistic,literary,andphilosophicalcreativity,ascontrastedwiththemedievalperiod,includingLeonardodaVinci,Michelangelo,andPetrarchComparetheItalianandtheNorthernRenaissance,andcitingthecontributionsofwriters,RenaissanceartistsembracedsomeoftheidealsofancientGreeceandRomeintheirart.ThepurposeofartwouldnolongerbetoglorifyGod,asithadbeeninMedievalEurope.Artistswantedtheirsubjectstoberealisticandfocusedonhumanityandemotion.NewTechniquesalsoemerged.,ArtandPatronage,Italianspatrons(financialsupporters)werewillingtospendalotofmoneyonartArtcommunicatedsocial,political,andspiritualvaluesandtherefore,theconsumptionofartwasusedasaformofcompetitionforsocialwhatIam,youwillbecome.,4.EmphasisonIndividualism,BatistaSforzahewasasculptor,painter,engineer,architect,andpoet.,David,MichelangelocreatedhismasterpieceDavidin1504.,TheBiblicalshepherd,David(whokilledGoliath)recallstheharmonyandgraceofancientGreektradition,15c,16c,Whatadifferenceacenturymakes!,SistineChapel,AboutayearaftercreatingDavid,PopeJuliusIIsummonedMichelangelotoRometoworkonhismostfamousproject,theceilingoftheSistineChapel.,DepictsthebiblicalhistoryoftheworldfromtheCreationtotheFlood,CreationofEve,CreationofAdam,SeparationofLightandDarkness,TheLastJudgment,Pieta1499MarbleSculpture,CapturesthesorrowoftheVirginMaryasshecradlesherdeadson,Jesusonherknees,Moses,1452-1519Painter,Sculptor,Architect,Mathematician,Engineer,MonaLisa(1503-1506),TheLastSupper(1495-1498),Jesusandhisapostlesonthenightbeforethecrucifixion,Notebooks,LeonardodaVincidissectedcorpsestolearnhowbonesandmuscleswork,RaphaelPainter1483-1520,TheSchoolofAthens,1510FrescoVaticanCityAnimaginarygatheringofgreatthinkersandscientists,PerspectiveSubjectsaremainlysecular,butcanbereligiousFigureslookidealized,butcanalsolooklikeeverydayordinarypeopleBodiesareactiveClothedorunclothedFacesareexpressiveDetail,Pythagoras,Socrates,PlatoandAristotle,Euclid,Zoroaster&Ptolemy,Raphael(back),NorthernRenaissance,TheRenaissanceinnorthernEurope(outsideItaly)TherewasincreasedculturalexchangebetweenEuropeancountriesPrintedmaterialshelpedtospreadideasCentralizationofpoliticalpowermadethenorthernRenaissancedistinctfromtheItalianRenaissance(e.g.,nation-statesinsteadofItaliancity-states),GrowingwealthinNorthernEuropesupportedRenaissanceideas.NorthernRenaissancethinkersmergedhumanistideaswithChristianity.Themovabletypeprintingpressandtheproductionandsaleofbooks(GutenbergBible)helpeddisseminateideasandallowedmorepeopletobecomeeducated.,CulturalandeducationalreformThestudyofclassicalculture(ancientGreeceandRome),incontrastwiththestudyofthingsrelatedtothechurchandreligionCelebratedtheindividualWassupportedbywealthypatrons(financialsupporters),LiteratureflourishedduringtheRenaissanceandspreadRenaissanceideas,whichcanbegreatlyattributedtoJohannesGutenberg.In1455Gutenbergprintedthefirstbookproducedbyusingmoveabletype,TheBible,andstartedaprintingrevolutionthatwouldtransformEurope.,Literacyratesincreased,PetrarchPoet,Humanistscholar,FrancescoPetrarch1304-1374AssembledGreekandRomanwritingsWrote:So