动词不定式的形式.ppt

动词不定式,动词不定式的形式动词不定式（theInfinitive）是一种非谓语动词,由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定式是“notto+动词原形”。动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词，但仍保留动词的特征，它可以有自己的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语。如tostudyhard，toplaybasketball。,Grammar,动词不定式,动词不定式的时态和语态,时态,语态,Grammar,动词不定式,动词不定式的时态和语态,1.Katehopestobecomeauniversitystudentthisyear.凯特希望今年能成为一名大学生。2.Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.很抱歉让你久等了。3.Theyseemedtobediscussingsomethingimportant.他们似乎正在讨论重要的事情。4.ShewishestobesenttoworkinShanghai.她希望能被派到上海工作。,Examples：,Grammar,动词不定式,动词不定式的句法功能,1作主语Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.注意：动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。如：Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithhim.Itisagreatpleasuretoseeyouagain.,Grammar,动词不定式,动词不定式的句法功能,3作宾语（1）有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有：ask,want,try,hope,wish,learn,choose,decide,expect,afford等。如：Lucywantstobuyacomputer.Wecantaffordtogoonvacationthisyear.,2作表语HiswishistobecomeabasketballstarlikeYaoMing.,Grammar,动词不定式,动词不定式的句法功能,3作宾语（2）不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。如：Ifinditinterestingtostudyyoga.,Grammar,动词不定式,动词不定式的句法功能,4作复合宾语中宾语补足语常跟不定式作宾补的动词有：ask,invite,help,tell,hear，make等。如：Iinvitedhertohavecoffee.Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.,Grammar,动词不定式,动词不定式的句法功能,4作复合宾语中宾语补足语注：（1）在feel,hear,see,watch,notice等感官动词或let,make,have等使役动词后面，复合宾语中的动词不定式通常不带to。但上述动词转换为被动结构时，其后的不定式仍须带to。如：Weoftenhearhimsingintheroom.Hewasseentoenterthetheatre.,Grammar,动词不定式,动词不定式的句法功能,5作定语动词不定式可用作修饰名词或代词的定语，用作定语的不定式需跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。如：Weneedsomeonetohelphimwiththetyping.Sheisaverynicepersontoworkwith.,Grammar,动词不定式,动词不定式的句法功能,6作状语动词不定式可用作修饰动词或形容词的状语，通常放在其修饰的动词或形容词之后。如：(1)Theyoungoftencomeheretolistentotheoldmantellstories.(作目的状语)(2)EveryonewillbesurprisedtoseethechangesinBeijing.(作原因状语)(3)Thehallisbigenoughtoholdalotofpeople.(作结果状语),Grammar,动词不定式,动词不定式的句法功能,7动词不定式的其他用法(1)疑问词+动词不定式疑问词what，who，which，when，where，how和连词whether之后，可跟一个带“to”的不定式，构成一个特殊的不定式短语，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语。如：Howtogettherehasnotbeendecidedyet.（主语）Katedidntknowwhattosay.（宾语）,Grammar,动词不定式,动词不定式的句法功能,7动词不定式的其他用法（2）“for+名词或代词宾格+不定式”和“of+名词或代词宾格+不定式”的用法当前面的形容词表示不定式行为的特点时，常用“for+名词或代词宾格+不定式”结构引出不定式的逻辑主语；而当前面的形容词表示不定式逻辑主语，即行为人的品行特点时，则用“of+名词或代词宾格+不定式”结构引出不定式的逻辑主语。如：Itsimpossibleforhimtofinishtheworkhimself.Itsverykindofyoutohelphimeveryday.,Grammar,ExerciseA,A.Readandtranslate.,1.Eachbirdlovestohearitselfsing.2.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.3.Eattolive,butnotlivetoeat.4.Itishardtopleaseall.5.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.6.Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.,Grammar,人人都有悦己之心。,早睡早起，健康、财富、智慧伴你行。,吃饭为了生存，但生存不能只为了吃饭。,众口难调。,活到老，学到老。,珍惜时间就是延长生命。,ExerciseB,B.Thinkandmatch.,HiswishisItsfunShedidntworkhardenoughMr.LinrefusedSheisaniceperson6.Theyaskedme,a.toworkwith.b.nottoworryabouttheaccident.c.tobecomeascientist.d.topasstheexam.e.totalkwithhismanager.f.toswiminsummer.,作定语,作宾补,作状语,作宾语,作主语,Grammar,作表语,ExerciseC,C.Thinkandrewrite.,1.Thisbooktellsyouhowyoucanwinatchess.Thisbooktellsyou_atchess.2.CouldyoupleasetellmewhereIcanbuythedictionary?Couldyoupleasetellme_thedictionary?3.Thestudentsarediscussingwhattheywilldowiththerubbish.Thestudentsarediscussing_withtherubbish.,Manycountrieshavediscoveredhowtheycansavetheirrainforests.Manycountrieshavediscoveredhowtosavetheirrainforests.,howtowin,wheretobuy,whattodo,Grammar,ExampleA:,ExerciseC,C.Thinkandrewrite.,“Pleasesendtheletterforme.”LilysaidtoMary.LilyaskedMarytosendtheletterforher.,4.Mrs.Greensaidtous,“Turnoffthelightswhenleavingtheroom.”Mrs.Greentoldus_offthelightswhenleavingtheroom.5.“Dontstayuptoolate,Tom”.Mothersaid.MothertoldTom_uptoolate.6.“Dontmakesomuchnoise!”Thepoliceorderedtheyoungman.Thepoliceorderedtheyoungman_somuchnoise.,toturn,nottostay,nottomake,ExampleB:,Grammar,ExerciseD,D.Readandcomplete.,1._(生活在上海)ismylifetimedream.2.Fatherpromised_(给他买辆自行车)onhis18thbirthday.3.Couldyouhelpme_（寻找钥匙）?Icantfindthem.4.Afterwalkingforthreehours,westopped_(休息)5.Itssohottoday.Idliketohave_(喝的东西).,ToliveinShanghai,tobuyhimanewbicycle,(to)lookforthekeys,tohavearest,somethingtodrink,Grammar,Consolidation,Whathavewelearned?,1.Therainforestandtheproblemsofit.,greatesttreasure,valuable,warm,alotofrain,perfectForanimalsandplants,homeforhalfthespeciesDisappearing,beingcutforwood,clearedforcitiesandroads,burnedforfarmland,2.Waystoprotecttherainforest.,Ecotourism,setasidelandaswildrainforest,3.Grammar:theInfinitive动词不定式,作主语，作宾语，作定语，作状语，作宾补，作表语疑问词+不定式，,Homewor