综合英语课件(B3)2.ppt

AnIntegratedEnglishCourseBook3,Unit1Unit2Unit3Unit4Unit5Unit6Unit7Unit8,Unit9Unit10Unit11Unit12Unit13Unit14Unit15Unit16,Unit1,FreshStart,LEARNINGOBJECTIVES,Bytheendofthisunit,youaresupposedtograsptheauthorspurposeofwritingandmakeclearthestructureofthewholepassagethroughanintensivereadingofText1FreshSprehendthetopicsentencesinText1thoroughlyandbeabletoparaphrasethem.getalistofnewwordsandstructuresandusethemfreelyinconversationandwriting.beawareofthecross-culturaldifferencesofafreshmansexperienceincollege.,Text1.FreshStart,Doyourememberyourfirstdaysatcollege?Didanythingspecialhappenthen?Areyouafraidofmakingmistakesthatcauseembarrassment?,Thepassagecanbedividedintothreeparts.PartOne:(Paragraphs1)thisistheintroductoryparagraph.Whatdoes“first-gradish”mean?(“havingthequalitiesandcharacteristicsofafirst-gradestudent”)2.Whydidtheauthorhavetheimpressionthat“everyoneoncampuswaswatchingme”?(beingtoosensitive,wasuneasywithheridentityasafreshman.Shethoughtanewstudentwouldattractothersattention,aswhatshedidorsaidwasliabletobetoonaivetoberight.),PartTwo:(Paragraphs2-9)Thewriterrecallsafewincidentsduringherfirstdaysofcollege.1.Whydidtheauthorexclaim“whatconfidence,whatreserve,whatmuscles!”whensawthefootballplayer?(collegelifeisnewtoher,itshowsherexcitementaboutthenewcollegelife.)2.Whydidacoldsweatbreakoutonthebackofherneck?(shefoundshewasinawrongclass.)4.Whydidsheremaininthewrongroom?(Shedidnttwantotherstonoticeherignorance.)5.Howdidthestudentsreactwhensheslippedandfelldown?(Theycheeredandclapped.Shefeltembarrassedandhumiliated.)6.Whydidshedineonjunkfoodforthenextthreedays?(Shethoughtshehadbecomethelaughing-stockoncampus.Shecouldnttstandbybeinglaughedatbythestudentsincafeteria.),PartThree:(Paragraph10-14):Thisistheconcludingpart.1.WhatwasthekeylessonEvelynHeraldlearnedduringherfirstfewweeksincollege?(Thekeylessonwasthatsincepeoplegrowbytrialanderror,oneshouldrelaxandbeoneself.)2.WhatlessonshaveyoulearnedfromEvelynHeraldsexperiencesafterreadingthearticle“FreshStart”?,LANGUAGEWORK,Distinct:clearlyseen,heard,felt,understood,etc.;noticeableE.g.1)Nowthat(becauseofthefactthat)thebossnolongerpresent,therewasadistinctchangeinherattitude.2)Thechildrenhavedistinctmemoriesoftheirgrandfatherinhislastdays.,Clutch:vt.toholdorgrasptightly;vi.totrytograsporseizeE.g.1)Thefrightenedwomanclutchedherbagstoherbreast.2)Heclutchedattheropewehadthrowntohimbutcouldnotreachit.Reserve:self-restraintinexpression;thehabitofnotshowingonesfeelingsorthoughtsE.g.1)Beingamanofreserve,Mr.Yorkwasneverpopularwithhiscolleagues.2)Judyhastriedeverymomenttobreakthroughthereserveofherstepson.,Whereabouts:n.approximatelocation;ad.aboutwhere;in,atornearwhatlocationE.g.Theorphanswhereaboutsis/arestillunknown.Whereaboutsdoyoulive?Tipoff:togiveanadvancewarningorhinttoE.g.Somebodymusthavetippedofftheburglarsoffthatthehouseworldbeempty.Someonetippedoffthepoliceabouttherobbery.,Flail:to(causesomethingto)waveorswingaboutwildlyE.g.1)Iflailedherarmstogetherattention.2)Thebabysfeetflailedunderthequilt.Rearend:buttocks臀部Rear-viewmirror后视镜rearguard后卫部队V.bringupandeducatechildrenSomebodysheartgoesouttosomebody:usedtosaythatsomeonefeelsalotofsympathytowardsanotherpersonE.g.HisheartwentouttoMrs.Bradshawandherfatherlesschild.,Slink:togoormoveinaquiet,stealthyway;tomoveasifonefeelsguiltyorashamed,ordoesnotwanttobeseenE.g.1)Shetriedtoslinkoutoftheofficesothatnobodywouldseeher.2)Thecatslunkthroughthegrasstowarditsprey.Malicious:havingthenatureorwishtohurtothersE.g.amaliciousremark,Shackle:ametalfastening,usuallyoneofapair,forencirclingandconfiningtheankleorwristofaprisonerorcaptive;arestraintorchecktoactionorprogress,oftenusedinthepluralformE.g.1)Thepolicemanplacedshacklesonthesuspectshands.2)Itishardtobreakthroughtheshacklesofhabit.,QUESTIONS,Whatisthetextconcernedwith?Whatisthemessageofthetext?,MAINIDEAS0FTEXT2,AUniversityStandsandShineswastheauthorsresponsetoatoastinhishonor.Inthetext,hehighlyevaluatesthesignificanceofuniversityandthehonorofbeingamemberofauniversity.ATopictodiscussHowdoyouthinkauniversityisevenmoreenduringthanreligionsanddynasties?,Unit2,TyrannyoftheUrgent,LEARNINGOBJECTIVES,Bytheendofthisunit,youaresupposedtograsptheauthorspurposeofwritingandmakeclearthestructureofthewholepassagethroughanintensivereadingofText1TyrannyoftheUprehendthetopicsentencesinText1thoroughlyandbeabletoparaphrasethem.getalistofnewwordsandstructuresandusethemfreelyinconversationandwriting.,Text1.TyrannyoftheUrgent(“暴虐急事”的奴隶),I.Pre-readingquestions:1.Doyouoftenfeelpressedbytime?Doyouhatemeetingdeadlines?2.Doyouthinkthebusieryouare,themoreaccomplishedyourlifewillbe?,SampleforReference:1.IoftenfeelpressedbytimeandIhatemeetingdeadlines.Itisusuallythecasethatseveraldaysbeforetheexams,Ifindthatstillsomanylessonslefttobeprepared,andstillsomanyquestionsleftunresolved.Inordertomeetthedeadlines,Ihavetoworkdayandnighttomakethemup.Thus,italwaysgivesmeasenseofhighpressureinfaceofsuchoccasions.,2.Idobelievethatbusierlifecanbringusasenseofaccomplishment.Forexample,ifIlieonbedalldayalonganddonothingexceptsleeponweekends,Ifeelalittlebitguiltyforkillingsomuchtimeinidle.Instead,Iprefertogetupatusualtimeanddosomethingmoremeaningful,forinstance,todosomecleaning,tomeetsomefriends,toreadsomefavoritebooksandthelike.Ithinkthebusierlifecanmakeeverydaymorecolorfulandmeaningful.,II.Backgroundinformation(1),CharlesE.HummelHummeldiedinAugust2004.HewasformerlydirectoroffacultyministriesforInterVarsityChristianFellowshipandpresidentofBarringtonCollegeinRhodeIsland.HewastheauthoroffifteenbooksandBiblestudies,includingTheGalileoConnection,FireintheFireplace,andthebestsellingbooklet,TyrannyoftheUrgent.,Backgroundinformation(2),CharlesE.Hummel的缓急之辨、这本讲时间管理的小书，原书名TyrannyoftheUrgent，有人译为急事的奴隶，也有译为燃眉的暴政，是帮助忙碌异常的现代人，在许多紧急事情中分辨先后的实用手册，资料显示此书已在国外销售百万多册，而因与成功有约闻名的柯维，更在天下最近帮他出的新书与时间有约引用本书内容，诸此种种皆显示缓急之辨的重要。Hummel最新的一本中译著作则是自伽利略之后。,III.Relatedsayingsnoristhatofamanagerwhenhemountsahigherpositioninhiscompany.,3.FHardworkdoesnotwearusout.Wecanstillfeelasenseofachievementandjoyuponaccomplishingadifficultandimportanttask.Itisdoubtandmisgivingthatmakeuswearywhenwelookbackandfindsomanytasksleftundonethatshouldhavebeenfinished.,4.TUrgentthingsarethosethatcallforimmediateactionandholdmomentaryappeals;theyarenotnecessarilyimportantinthelongterm.Importantthingsrarelymustbedonetodayortomorrow.,(3).1.No.Wemustensureweareworkinghardonimportantthingsratherthanthosethataremerelyurgent.2.Learningtoprioritize.Weshouldntlettheurgentcrowedoutthetrulyimportantthingswhilemerelydoingthosethatarenotreallyimportant.,3.Becauseurgentthingscallforinstantattentionandimmediateactionwhileimportantthingshardlydoso.Ifwecrowedoutschedulewithtoomanyurgentengagements,wewillhavelesstimetodealwithtrulyimportantthings.,4.Thedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,especiallythatofthemodernmeansofcommunication,isaccusedasanaccompliceofthetyrannyoftheurgent.Thetelephonelinetiedustothefast-growingoutsideworldtowhichwehavetogiveinstantresponse.Soourlifehasbeencursedwithendlesscallingsandintrusions,forwhichthedevelopmentofmoderntechnologyispartiallyresponsible.,5.No.Themessagethewriterwantstoconveyisthatweshouldnotleturgentthingscrowedoutimportantthings.Hedoesnotmeanweshouldleaveurgentthingsunnoticed.,IV.StructuralAnalysis(P17)Theauthorsupportshisargumentbyusinganumberoffactsandexamplesinadditiontoreasoning.,V.Rhetoricalfeaturesofthetext(P17)Sowefindourselvesworkingmoreandenjoyingitless(Para2);wehaveleftundonethosethings,whichweoughttohavedone;andwehavedonethosethingswhichweoughtnottohavedone.(Para3),VI.CloseReadingThepassagecanbedividedintothreeparts.PartOne:(Paragraphs1-2)Thefirsttwoparagraphsserveasanintroduction.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritermainlyexplainswhypeoplewishforathirty-fourhourday.Inthesecondparagraph,hegoesontoexplainwhythisextratimemaynothelppeoplemuch.Thefollowingquestionsaretobeconsidered:1.Howdoestheauthorintroducehistopic?(byarhetoricalquestion),2.Doestheauthorbelievethatthisextratimewillhelppeopletoeasethepressure?(No.Theauthordoesnotthinkthattheprolongationoftimemaysolvetheproblemofshortageoftimeonceforallbecauseonesworkisendless.),LANGUAGEWORK1.relieve:lessenorremove(pain,distress,anxiety,etc.)减轻或解除（痛苦，困苦，忧虑等）；relieveoneself解小便或大便relieveonesfeelings发泄感情relievesbofsth解除某人的负担、责任等relievedadj.宽慰的,2.Trail:astreamofdust,smoke,people,vehicles,etc.behindsomethingmoving痕迹，踪迹atrailof-aseriesofE.g.1)Hewentinside,leavingatrailofmuddyfootprintsbehindhim.2)Thetyphoonhasleftatrailofdeathanddestructionacrossmuchofthearea.,3.Unansweredletters,unvisitedfriends,unwrittenarticles,andunreadbookshauntquietmomentswhenwestoptoevaluate.（Parallelism(P17)）Paraphrase:Lettersleftunanswered,friendsthatareunvisited,articlesremainedunwritten,andbookswhichareunreadobsessedthetranquilmomentswhenwestoptomakeajudgment.evaluate:findoutorformanideaoftheamountorvalue;assess评价，评估未能回复的信件、未能拜访的朋友、没有写的文章、没有读的书，这一切我们未能做完的事情在我们停下来思考时让我们心神不定。,4.haunt:v.tobealwaysinthethoughtsof常（在脑中）出现E.g.1)Thedecisiontoleaveherchildrennowhauntsher.2)Thirtyyearsafterthefireheisstillhauntedbyimagesofdeathanddestruction.behauntedby被-萦绕（缠绕）n.常去的地方Thispubisoneofmyfavouritehaunts.,5.desperate:(1)feelingorshowinggreatdespairandreadytodoanythingregardlessofdanger感到绝望而不惜冒险的，拼命的，不顾一切的Theprisonersgrewmoredesperate.(2)extremelyseriousordangerous极严重的，极危险的Adesperatesituation，illness危局，重病,（3）ingreatneed(ofsth/todosth)极需要，极度渴望的desperateforsth/todosthHewasdesperateforworktoprovideforalargefamily.他渴望有个工作,挣钱供养子女众多的家。Adv.desperately,6.Wouldntwesoonbejustasfrustratedaswearenowwithourtwenty-fourallotment?Paraphrase:Wewouldsoonbejustasdistressedaswearenow,whenwehave24hoursaday.frustrated：discouraged；notsatisfied；unabletobesuccessfulinoneschosencareer沮丧的，不满的，受挫的frustrationn.一天有30个小时来支配我们就不会象现在这样沮丧吗？,7.allot:givetime,money,duties,etc.asashareofwhatisavailable;apportionsth.分配，拨给，摊派（时间，钱，任务等）Whowillsheallottheeasyjobto?Wedidtheworkwithinthetimetheydallottedtous.allotment:theactionofallotting,8.exacting:(ofapersonorpieceofwork)demandingmuchcare,effortandattention苛求的，严格的，急需努力的E.g.1)ThetrainsusedintheChannelTunnel（海峡隧道）havetoconformtoexactingfiresafetystandards.2)Volunteersareneededforanexactingassignment.,PartTwo:(Paragraphs3-5)Thisisthemainbodyoftheessay.Thewriterexplainsthepeopleofprioritiesandexploresthecauseof“tyrannyoftheurgent”.1.Whatistheproblemofpriorities?(Whatshouldpeopledealwithfirstwhenconfrontedwithendlesswork?)2.Whenarepeopleliabletofrustration?(Whentheyfindnumeroustasksunfinishedandespeciallywhentheyfindthattheyhavelefttheimportanttasksaside.),3.Whydopeopleoftendelayanimportanttask?(Peopleareconstantlydrivenbyurgenttaskswhiletheyareusuallygivenmoretimetoaccomplishimportanttasks.Asaresult,theyarelikelytolackasenseofurgentforimportanttasks.,LANGUAGEWORK1.Whenwestoptoevaluate,werealizethatourdilemmagoesdeeperthanshortageoftime;itisbasicallytheproblemofpriorities.Paraphrase:Whenwestoptomakeajudgment,wefindthatourpuzzleismorecomplexthanthelackoftime;itisfundamentallytheproblemofselectingthemoreimportantandmoreurgentactivitiesfromthetrivialones.当我们停下来思考的时候，我们意识到我们的两难境地并不只是时间少的问题；它其实是一个孰先孰后的问题。,2.dilemma:asituationinwhichonehastomakeadifficultchoicebetweentwocoursesofaction,bothperhapsequallyundesirableE.g.1)Thedoctorsdilemmawaswhetherheshouldtellthepatientthetruthornot.2)Thepresidentfindshimselfinadilemmaoverhowtotacklethecrisis.,3.Priority:somethingthatneedsattention,consideration,service,etc.beforeothers优先的事物，优先解决的问题E.g.1)Youhavetolearntogetyourprioritiesstraight.2)Gettingyourprioritiesinorderisaneffectivewaynottowastetimeontrivialorevenmeaninglesspursuits.getonesprioritiesright/wrong能或不能按轻重缓急行事,4.Weallknowwhatitistogofullspeedforlonghours,totallyinvolvedinanimportanttask;theresultingwearinessismatchedbyasenseofachievementandjoy.Paraphrase:Weallknowwhattheresultwillbe,whenworkingforlonghourswithfullspeed,andwedevotedourselveswholeheartedlytoanimportantarrangement,whichwillbringusgreatweariness.Thiskindofwearinesscanbematchedbyasenseofaccomplishmentandhappiness.,我们都知道高负荷长时间专注于重要任务的滋味，但是，这种工作的疲倦感被一种成就感和快乐感所抵消。beinvolvedin涉及，专心Hewasinvolvedinaheateddiscussion.Weweretotallyinvolvedintheexcitingfilmandmoveddeeply.weariness:tiredness,especiallyasaresultofeffortorendurance疲倦，厌烦bematchedby-beequalto,5.misgiving:(afeelingof)doubt,distrust,orfeel,especiallyaboutafutureevent疑虑，担忧Hewasfilledwithmisgiving。TheplanseemedutterlyimpracticalandIwasfilledwithmisgivingaboutit.他不安地看着阴云密布的天空。Helookedwithmisgivingattheovercastsky.,6.review(1)goover(workalreadylearnt)inpreparationforanexam;revise复习（2）re-examorreconsider复查或重新考虑Thegovernmentisreviewingthesituation.政府正在重新检讨形势(3)goover(especiallypastevents)inonesmind;survey思考，回顾reviewonessuccessesandfailures反审自己的成败,7.Wesensedemandshavedrivenusontoareefoffrustration.areefoffrustration:metaphor(P16)reef:therockatornearthesurfaceofthewaterwitchmaymakeshipswreckParaphrase:wefellfrustratedforthoseunfinishedtasks.我们感觉各种紧迫的要求已经将我们置身于沮丧的暗礁。,8.Confessto(sth./doingsth.)（1）sayoradmit,oftenformally(thatonehasdonewrong,committedacrime,etc.)坦白Theprisonerrefusedtoconfess(hiscrime).Shefinallyconfessed(tohavingstolenthemoney).（2）acknowledge,oftenreluctantly承认Heconfessedhimselftotallyignorantoftheirplans.Cf:confession,confessional告解室，confessor告解神父,9.Wehaveleftundonethosethings,whichweoughttohavedone;andwehavedonethosethingswhichweoughtnottohavedone.Paraphrase:Forthosethingswehavetodealwith,weleftthemundone;whileforthosethingsweshouldnotdealwith,wehavemadethem.我们没有做那些应该要做的事情，而做了那些不应该做的事情。,10.crowdout:tokeepoutforlackofspace;preventsborsthfromoperatingsuccessfully挤占某空间使某人/某物无法进入；排挤某人/某物E.g.Pressureonstudyspacehascrowdedoutnewstudentsfrommanyuniversitylibraries.Smallshopsarebeingcrowdedoutbythebigsupermarkets.crowdaround聚集在-周围crowdonsail扬起许多风帆（以增加速度）crowdintosth;crowdin大批涌入,11.Hedidntrealizehowhardhismaximhit.Itoftenreturnstohauntandrebukemebyraisingthecriticalproblemofpriorities.Paraphrase:Hedidnotrealizewhatanimpacthiswordshadonme.Theyoftenreturntomymindandreproachmewiththegraveproblemofpriorities.他没有意识到他的这句警言有多大的震撼力。他的这句话经常萦绕在我脑海，指出关键问题的轻重缓急来反驳我。,maxim:ashortsayingthatexpressesageneraltruthorruleforgoodandsensiblebehaviorE.g.Aesopsfablesillustratemoralmaxims.hit:haveabadorsuddeneffecton(aperson,thingoraplace)对-产生不良的或意外的影响；使痛苦Ruralareas（乡村地区）havebeenworsthitbythestrike.,rebuke:tospeakangrilytosomeoneE.g.1)Hermotherrebukedherforfrighteningherbrother.2)Hewasrebukedforcheating.,12.Theproblemisthattheimportanttaskrarelymustbedonetoday,oreventhisweek.Theurgenttaskcallsforinstantactions-endlessdemands,pressureeveryhourandday.Paraphrase:Theproblemisthattheimportantarrangementscarcelyneedstobefinishedtoday,oreventhisweek.Theurgentarrangementdemandsimmediateactions-incessantrequirements,pressurecanbesensedeveryhourandday.,PartThree:(Paragraph6):Inthisparagraph,thewritercomestotheconclusionthatwehavebecomeslavestothe“tyrannyoftheurgent”.1.Whydoestheauthorsay:“Amanshomeisnolongerhiscastle”?(Acastleisastrongly-builtbuildingfortifiedagainstattacks,especiallyasinformertimes.Inolddays,onemightbekeptawayfromalltheworriesaboutworkoncehewasbackhome.Butinmoderntimes,withthedevelopmentoftelecommunication,onecanhardlyavoidbeinginterruptedevenwhenheisathome.)2.Whatdoes“tyrannyoftheurgent”mean?(Itimpliesthattheurgentthingsoutweigheverythingelse.),LANGUAGEWORK1.Amanshomeisnolongerhiscastle.(P16Note3),2.breach:tobreak(apromise,agreement,etc.);tomakeanopeninginawallorfence破坏，违反在（墙或篱笆上）使有缺口，穿透E.g.1)Theybreachedtheagreementtheyhadmadewiththeiremployer.2)Thedefenseswereeasilybreached.openabreachwithsb与某人决裂healthebreach调停，使和解sliponesbreach死stepintothebreach充当临时代理人,3.Imperious:(too)commanding;expectingobediencefromothers专横的，傲慢的E.g.1)Shesentthemawaywithanimperiouswaveofthehand.2)Fromacrossthetablehegaveanimperiouslook.,4.devour:tousedupallofsomething;toeathungrilyandinlargequantities,sothatnothingremains.Eg:Herjobdevoursallherenergy.,5.Butinthelightoftimesperspectivetheirdeceptiveprominencefades;withasenseoflosswerecalltheimportanttaskpushedaside.Paraphrase:Butconsideringtimesperspective,theirfakesaliencegetsweaken,withasenseoflossweremembertheimportanttaskwhichwasputawayformerly.,Or:Butfromalong-termperspective,theynolongerseemtobeimportantastheypromised,andwesufferfromasenseoflosswhenwerecallthoseimportanttasksleftundone.,6.Inthelightof:becauseof;inviewofE.g.1)Inthelightofrecentincidents,weareaskingourcustomerstotakeparticularcareoftheirpersonalbelongings.2)Inthelightofthisinformation,itisnowpossibletoidentifyanumberofkeyissues.,7.Perspective:viewesp.onestretchingintothedistance.Getaperspectiveofthewholevillage看到村子的全景view/put/seesth.in(itstrue/proper)perspective从实际的恰当的角度观察处理看待事物viewsth.inahistoricalperspective历史的角度in/outofperspective比例正确/不成比例,8.deceptive:likelytodeceiveAppearancesareoftendeceptive.Hersimplestyleisdeceptive:Whatshehastosayisprofound.别看她工作方式简单，她说的话很有分量。deceptivenessn.欺骗（性）deceitv.,9.prominence:thefactorqualityofbeingwell-knownandimportantE.g.1)HecametoprominenceduringtheWorldCupinItaly.2)Mminent,10.fade：losecolor；disappeargradually(oftenhavingsth.todowithtime)Theshipfadedintothefog.Thenoiseofthecarfadedawayinthedistance.Cf.disappear;gettingoutofeyesightThesunhasdisappearedbelowthehorizon.vanish:disappearsuddenlyandcompletelyHevanishedfromtown.,TextComprehensionIV.1.Hedidnotrealizewhatanimpacthiswordshadonme.Theyoftenreturntomymindandreproachmewiththegraveproblemofpriorities.2.Butfromalong-termperspective,thetnolongerseemtobeimportantastheypromised,andwesufferfromasenseoflosswhenwerecallthoseimportanttasksleftundone.,Vocabularyexercises:I.Explaintheunderlinedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.(P18)1.aseriesof;anumberof(tasks)thatcomeoneaftertheother.2.demandingmorecare,effortandattention3.weighedonmymind;affectedme4.earenstcallforinstantattention,5.inviewof6.beendominatedbyII.(P18)1.prominent2.rebuked3.beach4.priority5.haunt6.tyranny7.imperious8.misgivingIII.(p18)1.crowdedout2.catchup3.calls/calledfor4.involvedin5.pushingaside6.wishfor,IV.(p19)1.tyrants2.urgency3.relieved4.undoubtedly5.irresistibly6.deceiveV.(p19)1.affects2.catchingupwith3.beeninvolvedin4.doing5.tell6.r