高级英语_The_Sad_Young_Men ppt课件

.,AdvancedEnglishLessontenTheSadYoungMenBen,.,Unit10,TheSadYoungMenbyRodW.Hortonthelatter,byGertrudeStein.TheywereappliedtothedisillusionedintellectualsandaesthetesoftheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,whorebelledagainstformeridealsandvalues,butcouldreplacethemonlybydespairorcynicalhedonism.AfterWWIIappearedTheBeatGenerationinUS.ItwasappliedtocertainAmericanartistsandwriterswhowerepopularduringthe1950s.Duringthe1960s“beat”ideasandattitudeswereabsorbedbyotherculturalmovements,andthosewhopracticedthe“beat”lifestylewerecalled“hippies”.AtthistimethereappearedinEnglandagroupcalledTheAngryYoungMen.ThistermwasappliedtoagroupofEnglishwritersofthe1950swhoseheroessharedcertainrebelliousandcriticalattitudestowardssociety.,.,I.BackgroundKnowledge,C.Otherliteraryfigures:-GertrudeStein-E.Hemingway,.,1.GertrudeStein(1874-1946)Americanauthorandpatronofthearts.Acelebratedpersonality,sheencouraged,aided,andinfluencedthroughherpatronageaswellasthroughherwritingmanyliteraryandartisticfigures.ThefifthandyoungestchildoftheDanielandAmeliaSteinfamily,GertrudewasbornonFebruary3,1874intouppermiddleclasssurroundingsinAllegheny,Pennsylvania.In1902shewentabroadandfrom1903untilherdeathlivedchieflyinParis.Whenshewas3yearsoldthefamilymovedtoViennaandthenontoParisbeforereturningtoAmericainlate1878.SoIwasfiveyearsoldwhenwecamebacktoAmericahavingknownAustrianGermanandFrenchFrench,andnowAmericanEnglish,aniceworldifthereisenoughofit,andmoreorlesstherealwaysis.,.,.,HerfathermovedthefamilytoOakland,Californiasoonaftertheirreturn.HerbrotherLeo,2yearshersenior,andGertrudefoundlikeinterestsandbecameclosealliesthroughmuchoftheirearlylives.Gertrudewas8whenshemadeherfirstattemptatwriting.ReadingbecameanobsessionforherbeginningwithShakespeareandbooksonnaturalhistory.Gertrudesloveaffairwithwordswouldlaterrevealitselfinherownworks.Inschoolshewasfascinatedwiththestructuringofsentences.Isupposeotherthingsmaybemoreexcitingtoothers.Ilikethefeelingtheeverlastingfeelingofsentencesastheydiagramthemselves.,.,In1891herfatherdiedsuddenly,andtheoldestbrotherMichaelassumedthepositionofearningalivingforthefamily.TheSteinsmovedtoSanFranciscowhereGertrudebecameintriguedbythetheaterandopera.apassionshewouldcontinueaftershemovedtoBaltimorein1892tolivewithawealthyaunt.howstrangeitwasformecomingfromaratherdesperateinnerlifeIhadbeenlivingforthelastfewyearstoacheerfullifeofallauntsanduncles.GertrudeenteredRadcliffeCollegein1893.Asastudentshedevelopedaspecialphilosophicalrelationshipwithherteacher,WilliamJames.Jamestoldher,Ihopeyouwillpardonmeifyourecognizesomefeaturesofmyidealstudentasyourown.,.,OnaparticularlynicespringdayduringfinalexamsinJamescourseshewroteatthetopofherpaper.DearProfessorJames,IamsorrybutreallyIdonotfeelabitlikeanexaminationpaperinphilosophytoday.ThenextdayshereceivedapostcardfromJamessaying,IunderstandperfectlyhowyoufeelIoftenfeellikethatmyself.andthengaveherthehighestmarkinhiscourse.Withphilosophyandpsychologycoursesbehindher,GertrudedecidedonacareerinmedicineandenrolledatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.ShelaterstudiedmedicineinEuropeandeventuallydismissedthewholeidea.WanderlusthadcapturedherattentionasshetraveledthroughItaly,Germany,andEngland.livingforawhilewithbrotherLeoinLondon.,.,ShereturnedtoAmericatolivewithfriendsinNewYork.ItwasherethatshewroteherfirstnovelQ.E.D.Itwould,forsomereason,belostfor30yearsandnotbepublisheduntil4yearsafterherdeathunderthetitleofThingsAsTheyAre.LeoSteinmovedtoParisandtookupresidenceat27RuedeFleurus.Gertrudejoinedhimin1904,andwouldnottouchfootuponAmericansoilagainfor30years.soonbecomingalegendinherowntime.Steinsbestknownworksare:ThreeLives(1909),TheMakingofAmericans(1925),AutobiographyofAliveB.Toklas(1933).,.,2.ErnestHemingway,ErnestHemingway(1899-1961)Americannovelistandshortstorywriter,oneofthegreatAmericanwritersofthe20thcentury.,.,Hisfictionfocusesonpeoplelivingessential,dangerouslivessoldiers,fishermen,athletes,bullfighterswhomeetthepainanddifficultyoftheirexistencewithstoiccourage.Hiscelebratedliterarystyle,influencedbyEzraPoundandGertrudeStein,isdirect,terseandoftenmonotonous,yetparticularlysuitedtohiselementalsubjectmatter.,.,DuringWorldWarIheservedasanambulancedriverinFranceandintheItalianinfantryandwaswoundedjustbeforehis19thbirthday.Later,whileworkinginParisascorrespondentfortheTorontoStar,hebecameinvolvedwiththeexpatriatecirclesurroundingGertrudeStein.WiththepublicationofTheSunAlsoRises(1926),hewasrecognizedasthespokesmanofthe“lostgeneration”.,.,DuringtheSpainishCivilWar,Hemingwayservedasacorrespondentontheloyalistside;fromthisexperiencecamehisgreatnovel,ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940).HemingwayfoughtinWorldWarIIandthensettledinCubain1945.HisnoveletteTheOldManandtheSea(1952)celebratestheindomitablecourageofanagedCubanfisherman.,.,In1954,HemingwaywasawardedtheNobelPrizeinliterature.Owingtoillhealthanddiminishingmentalfaculties,inJuly1961,hecommmittedsuicidebyshootinghimself.,.,II.WordsandExpressions,1.romanticize(L2,P1)vt.使浪漫化,使传奇化romanticallyadv.浪漫地romanticismn.浪漫精神,浪漫主义romanticistn.浪漫主义者romanzan.浪漫曲,叙事短诗,抒情短诗,.,Wordsandexpressions,2.speakeasy(L7,P1)-aplacewherealcoholicdrinksaresoldillegallyduringProhibition.3.Puritanmorality(L7,P1)-extremeorexcessivestrictnessinmattersofmorals.StrictPuritansevenregardeddrinking,gamblingandparticipationintheatricalperformancesaspunishableoffences.4.flask-toting(L10,P1)-adj.alwayscarryingasmallflaskfilledwithwhiskyorotherstrongliquor.,.,Wordsandexpressions,5.sheik(L10,P1)-amasterfulmantowhomwomenaresupposedtobeirresistiblyattracted6.flapper(L11,P1)-(colloq.)ayoungwomanconsideredboldandunconventionalinactionsanddress.7.drugstorecowboy(L11,P1)-awesternmovieextrawholoafsinfrontofdrugstoresbetweenpictures,.,Wordsandexpressions,8.Victorian(L1,P3)-showingthemiddle-classrespectability,prudery,bigotry,etc.generallyattributedtoVictorianEnglandoverwhichQueenVictoriaruled(1837-1901)9.Bohemian(L5,P4)-aperson,especiallyanartist,poet,etc.wholivesinanunconventional,nonconformingway,.,Wordsandexpressions,10.Prohibition(L12,P4)-theforbiddingbylawofthemanufacture,transportation,andsaleofalcoholicliquorsforbeveragepurposes(theperiodof1920-1933),theprohibitionbyFederallaw.11.jingoism(L7,P5)n.主战论,武力外交政策,沙文主义,侵略主义jingoistn.沙文主义者,侵略主义者jingon.沙文主义者,.,Wordsandexpressions,12.soapopera(L15,P5)-adaytimeradioortelevisionserialdramaofahighlymelodramatic,sentimentalnature.Ithasbeensocalledsincemanyoriginalsponsorsweresoapcompanies.13.GreenwichVillage(L1,P7)-sectionofNewYorkCity,onthelowerwestsideofManhattan;notedasacenterforartists,writers,etc.14.Babbittry(L9,P7)-(afterGeorgeBabbitt,titlecharacterofasatiricalnovelbySinclairLewis)asmuglyconventionalpersoninterestedchieflyinbusinessandsocialsuccessandindifferenttoculturalvalues.n.市侩作风、庸俗之人Philistinen.(中东古国)腓力斯人,仇敌,俗气的人;adj.俗气的,无教养的,.,Wordsandexpressions,15.fast(L7,P8)-adj.livinginareckless,wild,dissipatedway16.boobery(L12,P9)-sameasBabbittry,smug,self-satisfied,conformistinculturalmattersn.愚人之统称,愚笨;booby:n.呆子,傻瓜17.keepupwiththeJoneses(L22,P9)-strivetogetallthematerialthingsonesneighborsorassociateshave.,.,III.IntroductiontotheText,1.Typeofliteratureapieceofexpositivewriting2.MainideaexplainingaperiodinAmericanhistory;itfocusesonattitudes,revoltoftheyoungpeopledisappointedanddisillusionedwritersandartists,backfromWorldWarI(1914-1918),oncelivedabroadasexpatriates,laterreturnedvoluntarily.TheywerecalledLostGenerationbecausetheywerecriticalandrebellious.However,theyneverlostbecausetheywerecreativeandproductive.,.,3.Thetheme“Theintellectualsofthetwenties,thesadyoungmen,cursedtheirluckbutdidntdie;escapedbutvoluntarilyreturned;flayedtheBabbittsbutlovedtheircountry,andinsodoinggavethenationtheliveliest,freshest,moststimulatingwritinginliteraryexperience.”4.Clearandsimplestructuralorganization-P.1:introducingthesubject-P.2-9:supportinganddevelopingthethesis-P.10-11:bringingthediscussiontoanend,.,IV.TextAnalysis,1.IdentifyingandunderstandingAmericanismsinthisessay-speakeasy-sheik-flask-toting-drugstorecowboy-flapper-Babbittry-soapopera-fast-boobery,.,2.EffectiveWritingSkills1).Effectiveuseoftopicsentences2).Developinganewbutrelatedaspectofthethoughtstatedinthethesisineachparagraphorparagraphunit.3.RhetoricalDevices1).metaphor2).personification3).metonymy4).transferredepithet,.,4.SpecialDifficulties1).Prefixes“-un”and“-in”(-im,-il,-ir)bearinganegativemeaning2).Paraphrasingsomesentences3).Identifyingfiguresofspeech,.,V.DetailedStudyoftheText,PartIParagraph1Sentence1:sensationallyromanticized:(Thisso-calledproblem)wastreatedinapassionate,idealizedmannertoshockthrillandrousetheinterestofpeople.paraphrase:AfterWorldWarI,duringthe1920s,everyaspectoflifeinU.S.wascommentedupon,butpeoplecommentupontheRebellionoftheYoungerGenerationmorethanalltheotheraspects.Peopletreateditveryromanticallyandsensationally.,.,Sentence2:1).Theslightestmentionbytheyoung:middleaged:MiddleagedpeoplelivedthroughtheTwentiessotheycanrecallwhatlifewaslikethen.theyoung:Theyoungpeoplehaveonlyheardaboutallthisandwereverycuriousaboutthelivesofyoungpeopleofanothergeneration.nostalgic,curious:Botharetransferredepithets.Theyreallymodify“themiddle-aged”and“theyoung”respectively.paraphrase:Attheverymentionofthispost-warperiod,middle-agedpeoplebegintothinkaboutitlonginglyandyoungpeoplebecomecuriousandstartaskingallkindsofquestions.,.,2).memoriesofcountryroad:Thesearetherecollectionsofthenostalgicmiddle-aged.deliciouslyillicitthrill:Avisittoaspeakeasy,averyenjoyableandexcitingaction,wasprohibitedbecausetheseplacessoldalcoholicdrinksillegally.Puritanmorality:excessivestrictnessinmattersofmorals.StrictPuritansevenregardeddrinking,gamblingandparticipationintheatricalperformancesaspunishableoffences.fashionableexperimentationsinamour:tryingoutnewwaysoflovemakingaseveryonewasdoingatthattimeparkedsedan:inasedancarparkedonlonelycountryroads,.,3).questionsaboutdrugstorecowboy:Someofthequestionsaskedbycuriousyoungpeople.naughty:mildlyindecentjazzy:(aparty)playingjazzmusicsheik:amasterfulmantowhomwomenaresupposedtobeirresistiblyattractedmoralandstylisticvagaries:oddandeccentricdressandconductflapper:inthe1920s,ayoungwomanconsideredboldandunconventionalinactionanddressdrugstorecowboy:awesternmovieextrawholoafsinfrontofdrugstoresbetweenpictures,.,Sentence5:Theanswerstosuchjazz-madyouth.1).Theanswerstosuch“yes”and“no”:paraphrase:Peoplecannotgiveasimple“yes”or“no”answertosuchquestions.Theyshouldbeansweredwithboth“yes”and“no”becauseofnecessity.2).“yes”Problem:paraphrase:Duringtheprocesswhenchildrengrowuptobecomeadults,therealwaysexistsaYoungerGenerationProblem.Inthissensetheanswermustbe“yes”.,.,3).“no”jazzmadyouth:seeinperspective:tovieworjudgethingsoreventsinawaythatshowtheirtruerelationstooneanother.degeneration:moralcorruption,depravityjazzmad:blindlyandfoolishlyfondofjazzmusicparaphrase:Whenlookingbacknowtothosedaysandviewthingsintheirtruerelationstooneanother,weseethatthesocialbehavioroftheyoungpeoplewasnotverywild,irresponsible,andimmoral.Theirbehaviorwasfarfrombeingassensationalasthedegenerationofjazzmadyouth.Therefore,inthissense,theanswermustbe“no”.,.,Paragraph2Sentence1:paraphrase:Infact,therevoltoftheyoungpeoplewasanecessaryandexpectedconsequenceoftheconditionsthatexistedinthisperiodofhistory.Sentence2:paraphrase:WemustrememberthattherevoltoftheyoungdidnottakeplaceonlyintheU.S.,butaffectedallthecountriesintheWesternworld.TheirrevoltwastheresultofWorldWarIthebiggestandmostseriouswarinahundredyears.,.,Sentence3:1).Itwasreluctantlyortradition:subconscious:occurringwithoutconsciousperception,orwithonlyslightperception,onthepartoftheindividualtradition:stories,beliefs,customs,etc.,handeddownorallyfromgenerationtogenerationparaphrase:SomepeopleintheU.S.fullyunderstood,thoughunwillingly,thattheU.S.shouldnolongerremainisolatedpoliticallyorinmattersofsocialcustomsandpractices.Ifthesepeopledidnotstatetheirviewsopenly,atleast,theyunderstooditsubconsciously.,.,2).Wehadreachedborderingoceans:reachinternationalstature:todevelopandgrowintoanationrespectedandesteemedbyallothernationsintheworldprovincial:narrowinoutlook/views,limitedlikethatofruralprovinces.HerethewordmeansnarrowlikethatofasinglecountrytheU.S.paraphrase:metaphor,comparing“provincialmorality”to“artificialwalls”.Wehavebecomeaworldpowersowecannolongerinouractionjustfollowtheprinciplesofrightandwrongasacceptedinourowncountry,norcanweremainisolatedgeographicallyprotectedbytheAtlanticandPacificoceans.Inotherwords,theU.S.cannolongerpursueapolicyofisolationism.,.,Paragraph3Sentence1:Victorian:showingthemiddle-classrespectability,prudery,bigotry,etc.generallyattributedtoVictorianEnglandgentility:thequalityofbeinggenteel;now,specificallyexcessiveoraffectedrefinementandeleganceparaphrase:Inanycase,Americacouldnotavoidcastingasideitsmiddle-classrespectabilityandaffectedrefinement.,.,Sentence2:roaring:veryactiveorsuccessful;briskimpersonality:thelackorabsenceofapersonalorhumancharacter;thequalityorstateofnotinvolvingpersonalfeelingsortheemotionsaggressiveness:impliesaboldandenergeticpursuitofonesends,connoting,inderogatoryusage,aruthlessdesiretodominateand,inafavorablesense,enterprise,initiative,etc.code:anysetofprinciplesorrulesofconductparaphrase:AfterWorldWarI,Americabecameahighlyindustrializedcountry.Therewerebigsuccessfulfactoriesoperatingeverywhere.Businessbecamehugecorporationsdevoidofanyhumanfeelingsandtheruthlessdesiretodominatewasexercisedtoalargescale.Inthisnewatmosphere,theprinciplesofpolite,courteousandconsideratebehaviorandconductthatwereformedinaquieterandlesscompetitiveage(beforeWorldWarI)couldnolongerexist.,.,Sentence3:medium:environmentbattleforsuccess:metaphor.Theyhadtofightasinabattleinordertobecomesuccessful.paraphrase:Withorwithoutawar,asonegenerationfollowedanother,theyoungpeoplefounditincreasinglydifficulttoacceptstandardsofbehaviorthatseemedinnowaytoberelatedtothenoisy,busyworldofbusiness,anditwasinthisbustlingbusinessworldthattheywereexpectedtobecomesuccessful.,.,Sentence4:1).Thewaractedsocialstructure:agent:anactiveforceorsubstanceproducinganeffectcatalyticagent:catalyst;apersonorthingactingasthestimulusinbringingaboutorhasteningaresultparaphrase:metaphor,thewarbeingcomparedtoacatalyticagent.ThewaronlyhelpedtospeedupthebreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure.2).byprecipitatingviolentenergies:paraphrase:BythrowingouryoungpeoplesuddenlyandunexpectedlyintoaWorldWar,whichwasaformofmassmurder,wereleasedtheviolentenergieswhichtheyoungpeoplehadsofarheldincheckorrepressed.3).which,aftertheshootingsociety:paraphrase:Whenthewarwasover,theyoungpeopleusedtheirnewlyreleasedviolentenergies,bothinEuropeandAmerica,todestroythenineteenth-centurysocietythatwasgettingoldandbecomingunacceptable.,.,PartIIParagraph4Sentence1:challenge:anything,asademandingtask,thatcallsforspecialeffortordedicationmores:customs,especiallythefixedortraditionalcustomsofasociety,oftenacquiringtheforceoflawparaphrase:Thusinaworldwhereeverythingwaschanging,ouryoungpeoplehadtotakeupthedemandingtaskofreformingourtraditionalsocialcustomsinordertokeepupwiththischangingworld.,.,Sentence2:air:anoutwardappearance;generalimpressionorfeelinggivenbysth.sophistication:thestateofbeingartificial,worldly-wise,urbane,etc.pose:awayofbehavingorspeakingthatisassumedforeffect;pretenseBohemian:aperson,especiallyanartist,poet,etc.,wholivesinanunconventional,nonconformingwayparaphrase:InAmericaatleast,theyoungpeoplewerestronglyinclinedtoshirktheirresponsibilities.Theypretendedtobeworldly-wise,drinkingandbehavingnaughtily.Theypretendedtolivelikeunconventionalartistsorpoets,breakingthemoralcodeofthecommunity.,.,Sentence3:1).Thefaddishnesspatternofescape:faddishness:thefollowingoffadspattern:aregular,mainlyunvaryingwayofactingordoingparaphrase:Theyoungpeopledidmanyofthefollowingfoolishandwildthingsintheirattempttoescapetheirresponsibilities.Theywentinforallkindsoffads,spentmoneyfreelyontransitorypleasuresandmomentarynovelties.Theypretendedtobewildlygayandexperimentedwithallkindsofsensations,includingthoseproducedbysex,drugs,alcoholandperversions.2).anescaperesponsibilities:paraphrase:TheyoungpeoplecoulddoallthesethingsintheirattempttoescapetheirresponsibilitiesbecauseaftertheWorldWartherewasgeneralprosperityinthecountryandpeopleweretiredofpolitics,economicrestrictionsandinternationalresponsibilities.,.,Sentence4:1).Prohibitionillicit:Prohibition:theforbiddingbylawofthemanufacture,transportation,andsaleofalcoholicliquorsforbeveragepurposes;specificallyintheU.S.,theperiod(1920-1933)ofProhibitionbyFederallawparaphrase:TheyoungpeoplefoundgreaterpleasureintheirdrinkingbecauseProhibition,bymakingdrinkingunlawful,addedasenseofadventure.2).Themuch-publicizedescapism:much-publicized:reportedoftenandwidelyinnewspapersandmagazinesorgy:anywild,riotous,licentiousmerrymakingGreenwichVillage:sectionofNewYorkCity,onthelowerwestsideofManhattan,notedasacenterforartists,writers,etc.,formerlyavillageparaphrase:Themuch-publicizedwildandriotouslifeoftheintellectualsinGreenwichVillageandtheirdefiantopendeclarationsoftheirmotivesandintentionsprovidedtheyoungpeoplewithaphilosophythatcouldjustifytheirescapism.,.,Sentence5:1).Andlikeranout:paraphrase:Andlikemostwild,riotouslivesledbytheescapist,thisonealsoendedwhentheescapistsdidnthaveanymoremoneytospend.2).Thecrashtosoberup:paraphrase:metaphor,comparing“thewild,riotouslivingoftheescapists”to“aparty”,and“theescapists”to“drunkenrevelers”.TheGreatEconomicDepressionwhichstartedintheU.S.in1929broughttheyoungescapistsbacktotheirsensesandstoppedthewild,riotouslivestheywereliving.,.,Paragraph5Sentence2:1).Theprolongedstalemateidealisticcitizens:thestalemateof1915-1916:ThisreferstothestalemateontheWesternFrontinEurope.Gruelingtrenchwarfaretookplace,butthebattlelinesremainedvirtuallystationaryforthreeyears.insolenceofGermanytowardstheUnitedStates:ThisreferstothesinkingoftheLusitania,alinerunderBritishregistration,byaGermansubmarineonMay7,1915.Inthesinking,1,195personslosttheirlives,ofwhom128wereU.S.citizens.TheconsiderablesympathyforGermanythathadpreviouslyexistedintheU.S.toalargeextentdisappeared,andthereweredemandsfrommanyforanimme