小学英语语法-一般现在时详细讲解.ppt

Thesimplepresenttense一般现在时,我的功能,1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态,Iwashthedisheseveryday.Yousometimestakeabushome.Theyusuallyhavelunchat11:30.Healwaysgetsupearly.Sheisoftenlateforschool.,2.表示表示客观事实,Youare13.Heisastudent.YoustudyatOlympicGardenMiddleSchool.,关键词,always(总是)usually(通常)often(经常)sometimes(有时)hardly(几乎不)rarely（很少）never(从不)everyday(每天)everyyear(每年）allthetime（所有时间）onMonday（在星期一）inJanuary（在某月）,3.表示永恒不变的真理；,Themoongoesroundtheearth.,一.be动词的一般现在时,be动词：主语+be+其它,如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。Heisaboy.他是一个男孩。,am,is(单三）,are,肯定句：主语+be+其它如：Heisaworker.Youarethirteen.否定句：主语+be+not+其它如：Heisnotaworker.Youarentthirteen.一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它?如：Isheaworker?Yes,heis./No,heisnt.Areyouthirteen?Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+其它?如：Whatishe?Whatcolouristhatbird?Howoldareyou?Wherearethey?,2.be动词的一般现在时的基本句型,二.实义动词的一般现在时,1、什么叫实义动词？实义动词是指表示有具体意思的动词,也叫行为动词。如:like(喜欢）,eat（吃）,live（居住）,have（有）,run（跑）等等。实义动词占英语中动词的绝大多数。,我们已学过的be动词可译成“是”，有时译成“成为”，有时则没有具体意思如：“Sheistall.”这句译成：“她很高”。故be动词不属于实义动词。,2、一般现在时实义动词作谓语的时侯有两种形式：,动词原形；如:enjoy第三人称单数动词形式；如:enjoys,主语+(+其它)。,行为动词原形,行为动词的单数第三人称形式,如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语.HestudiesFrench.,哪些主语是第三人称单数?,一、人称代词he,she,it是第三人称单数。,HelikeswatchingTV.他喜欢看电视。Shehaslunchattwelve.她十二点吃午餐。Itlookslikeacat.它看起来像只猫。,二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。,HanMeilookslikehermother.韩梅看起来像她的母亲BeijingisinChina.北京在中国。UncleWangoftenmakescakes.王叔叔经常做蛋糕。,三、单数可数名词或this/that/the+单数可数名词作主语时，是第三人称单数。,Apandaisashyanimal.熊猫是害羞的动物。Thisbookisyellow.这本书是黄色的。Thatcarisred.那辆小汽车是红色的。Thecatisblack.这只猫是黑色的。,3、实义动词第三人称单数的动词形式变化规则,当主语是第三人称单数时，动词需变化.动词单三的变化：1、一般情况下，直接加s，如：reads,plays,works,makes2、以s,x,ch,sh结尾，后加es.如：watcheswashesteaches3、以辅音字母加o结尾,一般加es,如：does,goes4、“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接在词尾加-s。如：plays,says5、辅音字母+y结尾的单词,去y,加ies,如：flies,studies6、不规则变化如：have-has,Exercise,sit_swim_go_do_make_run_write_see_cry_study_watch_wash_say_play_have_take_,sits,swims,goes,does,makes,runs,writes,cries,_sees,studies,watches,washes,says_,plays,has_,takes,sits,1)肯定句:主语（I/We/You/They）+实义动词原形+其他如：IstayathomeonSaturdays.Theyhavesportseveryday.主语（He/She/It）+实义动词单三形式+其他如：HestaysathomeonSaturdays.Lucyhassportseveryday.,4、实义动词的一般现在时的基本句型,2)否定句：主语（I/We/You/They）+do+not+动词原形+其他如：IdontstayathomeonSaturdays.Theydonthavesportseveryday.主语（He/She/It）+does+not+动词原形+其他如：HedoesntstayathomeonSaturdays.Lucydoesnthavesportseveryday.,3)一般疑问句及其肯、否定回答：Do+主语（I/we/you/they）+动词原形+其他？如：DoyoustayathomeonSaturdays?Yes,Ido./No,Idont.Dotheyhavesportseveryday?Yes,theydo./No,theydont.Does+主语（he/she/it）+动词原形+其他？如：DoeshestayathomeonSaturdays?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesnt.DoesLucyhavesportseveryday?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesnt.,4)特殊疑问句：疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形+其他？如：Whatdoyouwant?Whatdoesshewant?Whattimedoyouhavelunch?Whattimedoesshehavelunch?Whatdoyoudo?Whatdoesshedo?Howdoyouspellit?Howdoeshespellit?,特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?直接回答，而不用yes或no.,5.一般现在时的句型变换1）IusuallyplayfootballonFriday.改为一般疑问句:DoyouusuallyplayfootballonFriday?对划线部分提问:WhatdoyouusuallydoonFriday?2）Myfathergotoworkbybikeeveryday.对划线部分提问:Howdoesyourfathergotoworkeveryday?,一般现在时（否定句）,在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词（can等）时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not。,例如,一般现在时（否定句）,1、Iamateacher.否：Iamnotateacher.2、Heisastudent.否：Heisnotastudent.3、Youareaboy.否：Youarenotaboy.4、Icanswim.否：Icannot（cant)swim.,变否定句,Iamagoodboy.,Iamnotagoodboy.,变否定句,Theyarestudents.,Theyarenotstudents.,变否定句,ShecanspeakEnglish.,ShecannotspeakEnglish.,一般现在时（否定句）,句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加doesnot(doesnt),非单三时，否定句在动词前加donot（dont),例如,一般现在时（否定句）,1、Itoschoolbybus.否：Itoschoolbybus.2、Hetoschoolbybus.否：Hetoschoolbybus.,go,dontgo,goes,doesntgo,变否定句,IstudyEnglisheveryday.,IdontstudyEnglisheverymorning.,变否定句,ShespeaksChinesewell.,ShedoesntspeakChinesewell.,一般现在时（疑问句）,句中有be动词或情态动词时，be动词或情态动词can提前，首字母变为大写；some变any,例如,一般现在时（一般疑问句）,Heisastudent.Youareaboy.Isheastudent？Areyouaboy？Icanswim.Theyareteachers.Canyouswim？Aretheyteacher？,Benismyfriend.,IsBenyourfriend？,变一般疑问句,一般现在时（疑问句）,句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为非第三人称单数，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。主语为第三人称单数，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形；Some变any.,例如,一般现在时（一般疑问句）,1、Itoschoolbybus.疑问句：youtoschoolbybus.2、Hetoschoolbybus.疑问句：hetoschoolbybus.,Does,go,goes,go,go,Do,Wegotoschooleveryday.,Doyougotoschooleveryday?,变一般疑问句,Nancylikesplayingcomputergames.,DoesNancylikeplayingcomputergames?,变一般疑问句,Benwantssomebread.,DoesBenwantanybread？,变一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,地点：where人：who物：what年龄：howold价钱：howmuch数量：howmany,特殊疑问句,有be动词或情态动词构成：疑问词+be动词或情态动词+主语+其它,例如,特殊疑问句,Shecanplaypiano.Whatcansheplay？Heisten.Howoldishe？Heisathome.Whereishe？Its3dollars.Howmuchisit?,特殊疑问句,没有be动词或情态动词构成：疑问词+do（does）+主语+动词原形+其它,例如,特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？,Ilikeplayingfootball.Jimeatssomebreadeverymorning.Linglinghaslunchathome.,Whatdoyoulike?,WhatdoesJimeateverymorning?,WheredoesLinginghavelunch？,Doyoulikeplayingfootball?,DoesJimeatanybreadeverymorning?,DoesLinglinghavelunchathome?,谓语动词是实义动词时,其一般现在时的谓语动词形式有两种第三人称单数或原形。其否定句和疑问句要借助于does或do来帮助构成。,6.实义动词的一般现在时用法小结,一般现在时,练习,用括号内动词的适当形式填空,1.Heusually_(have)lunchathome.2.DavidandTomusually_(play)footballafterschool.3.Weusually_(make)modelships.4.Nickusually_(watch)TVonMonday.,has,play,make,watches,5.What_theyusually_(do)onSaturdays?Theyusually_(fly)kites.6._youruncle_(water)theflowerseveryday?7._yourparents_(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirlusually_(teach)usEnglishonSundays.,do,do,fly,Does,water,Do,read,teaches,9.What_youusually_(do)afterschool?Iusually_(grow)flowers.10.What_yourmotherusually_(do)onSundays?Sheusually_(do)houseworkathome.11._Mike_(have)anyhobbies?Yes,he_.He_(like)_(cook).12.They_(have)thesamehobby.,do,do,grow,does,do,does,Does,have,likes,have,cooking,does,13.Myaunt_(like)_(read)newspaperseveryevening.14.What_Mikeusually_(do)onSundays?Heusually_(help)JanewithherMaths.15.What_Helenusually_(do)onSundays?Sheusually_(clean)thedesk.,cleans,do,does,helps,do,does,reading,likes,16.She_(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_(do)notlikePE.Hecant_(run)fast.18.Thechildrenusually_(watch)TVintheevening.,goes,does,run,watch,19.SuHaiandSuYang_(have)eightsubjectsthisterm.20.What_sheusually_(do)intheevening?Sheusually_(study)English.,studies,does,do,have,21.Thegirlis_.Shedances_.(beautiful)22.Thestudent_(use)acomputerto_(write)music.23.I_(like)makingclothes,buthe_(donotlike).He_(like)playingfootball.,beautiful,beautifully,uses,write,like,doesnotlike,likes,24.Weusually_(dance)and_(play)basketballafterclass.25.Mikes_(hobby)is_draw)pictures.,drawing,hobby,play,dance,二、改写句子,1IwanttoplaytabletenniswithGaoShan.He_to2.IsurftheInternetonSaturdayevening.Myfatherthe3.They