全新版大学英语综合教程第二册(完整版)ppt课件VIP

.,CollegeEnglish,Book2,.,UNIT1WaysofLearning,.,PartIPre-ReadingTask,Listentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:1.Whoshouldteachwhom?Islearningaone-waystreet?2.Shouldweshareourdreamsforabetterlifewithourparentsorkeepthemtoourselves?3.Canchildreneverunderstandtheirparentscompletely?4.Fromthesongcanyouguesswhatthethemeoftheunit,wayoflearning,chieflyrefersto?,.,PartIITextAHowardGardner,aprofessorofeducationatHarvardUniversity,reflectsonavisittoChinaandgiveshisthoughtsondifferentapproachestolearninginChinaandtheWest.LEARNING,CHINESE-STYLEHowardGardnerForamonthinthespringof1987,mywifeEllenandIlivedinthebustlingeasternChinesecityofNanjingwithour18-month-oldsonBenjaminwhilestudyingartseducationinChinesekindergartensandelementaryschools.ButoneofthemosttellinglessonsEllenandIgotinthedifferencebetweenChineseandAmericanideasofeducationcamenotintheclassroombutinthelobbyoftheJinlingHotelwherewestayedinNanjing.Thekeytoourroomwasattachedtoalargeplasticblockwiththeroomnumberonit.Whenleavingthehotel,aguestwasencouragedtoturninthekey,eitherbyhandingittoanattendantorbydroppingitthroughaslotintoabox.Becausethekeyslotwasnarrow,thekeyhadtobepositionedcarefullytofitintoit.,.,Benjaminlovedtocarrythekeyaround,shakingitvigorously.Healsolikedtotrytoplaceitintotheslot.Becauseofhistenderageandincompleteunderstandingoftheneedtopositionthekeyjustso,hewouldusuallyfail.Benjaminwasnotbotheredintheleast.Heprobablygotasmuchpleasureoutofthesoundsthekeymadeashedidthosefewtimeswhenthekeyactuallyfounditswayintotheslot.NowbothEllenandIwereperfectlyhappytoallowBenjamintobangthekeynearthekeyslot.Hisexploratorybehaviorseemedharmlessenough.ButIsoonobservedaninterestingphenomenon.AnyChinesestaffmembernearbywouldcomeovertowatchBenjaminand,notinghislackofinitialsuccess,attempttoassist.HeorshewouldholdontoBenjaminshandand,gentlybutfirmly,guideitdirectlytowardtheslot,repositionitasnecessary,andhelphimtoinsertit.TheteacherwouldthensmilesomewhatexpectantlyatEllenorme,asifawaitingathankyouandonoccasionwouldfrownslightly,asifconsideringustobeneglectingourparentalduties.IsoonrealizedthatthisincidentwasdirectlyrelevanttoourassignedtasksinChina:toinvestigatethewaysofearlychildhoodeducation(especiallyinthearts),andtothrowlightonChineseattitudestowardcreativity.AndsobeforelongIbegantointroducethekey-slotanecdoteintomydiscussionswithChineseeducators.,.,TWODIFFERENTWAYSTOLEARNWithafewexceptionsmyChinesecolleaguesdisplayedthesameattitudeasthestaffattheJinlingHotel.Sinceadultsknowhowtoplacethekeyinthekeyslot,whichistheultimatepurposeofapproachingtheslot,andsincethechildisneitheroldenoughnorcleverenoughtorealizethedesiredactiononhisown,whatpossiblegainisachievedbyhavinghimstruggle?Hemaywellgetfrustratedandangrycertainlynotadesirableoutcome.Whynotshowhimwhattodo?Hewillbehappy,hewilllearnhowtoaccomplishthetasksooner,andthenhecanproceedtomorecomplexactivities,likeopeningthedoororaskingforthekeybothofwhichaccomplishmentscan(andshould)induecoursebemodeledforhimaswell.Welistenedtosuchexplanationssympatheticallyandexplainedthat,firstofall,wedidnotmuchcarewhetherBenjaminsucceededininsertingthekeyintotheslot.Hewashavingagoodtimeandwasexploring,twoactivitiesthatdidmattertous.Butthecriticalpointwasthat,intheprocess,weweretryingtoteachBenjaminthatonecansolveaproblemeffectivelybyoneself.Suchself-relianceisaprincipalvalueofchildrearinginmiddle-classAmerica.Solongasthechildisshownexactlyhowtodosomethingwhetheritbeplacingakeyinakeyslot,drawingahenormakingupforamisdeedheislesslikelytofigureouthimselfhowtoaccomplishsuchatask.And,moregenerally,heislesslikelytoviewlifeasAmericansdoasaseriesofsituationsinwhichonehastolearntothinkforoneself,tosolveproblemsononesownandeventodiscovernewproblemsforwhichcreativesolutionsarewanted.,.,TEACHINGBYHOLDINGHISHANDInretrospect,itbecamecleartomethatthisincidentwasindeedkeyandkeyinmorethanonesense.Itpointedtoimportantdifferencesintheeducationalandartisticpracticesinourtwocountries.Whenourwell-intentionedChineseobserverscametoBenjaminsrescue,theydidnotsimplypushhishanddownclumsilyoruncertainly,asImighthavedone.Instead,theyguidedhimwithextremefacilityandgentlenessinpreciselythedesireddirection.IcametorealizethattheseChinesewerenotjustmoldingandshapingBenjaminsperformanceinanyoldmanner:InthebestChinesetradition,theywerebazheshoujiaoteachingbyholdinghishandsomuchsothathewouldhappilycomebackformore.Theideathatlearningshouldtakeplacebycontinualcarefulshapingandmoldingappliesequallytothearts.Watchingchildrenatworkinaclassroomsetting,wewereastonishedbytheirfacility.Childrenasyoungas5or6werepaintingflowers,fishandanimalswiththeskillandconfidenceofanadult;calligraphers9and10yearsoldwereproducingworksthatcouldhavebeendisplayedinamuseum.Inavisittothehomesoftwooftheyoungartists,welearnedfromtheirparentsthattheyworkedonperfectingtheircraftforseveralhoursaday.,.,CREATIVITYFIRST?Intermsofattitudestocreativitythereseemstobeareversalofpriorities:youngWesternersmakingtheirboldestdeparturesfirstandthengraduallymasteringthetradition;andyoungChinesebeingalmostinseparablefromthetradition,but,overtime,possiblyevolvingtoapointequallyoriginal.OnewayofsummarizingtheAmericanpositionistostatethatwevalueoriginalityandindependencemorethantheChinesedo.Thecontrastbetweenourtwoculturescanalsobeseenintermsofthefearswebothharbor.Chineseteachersarefearfulthatifskillsarenotacquiredearly,theymayneverbeacquired;thereis,ontheotherhand,nocomparablehurrytopromotecreativity.Americaneducatorsfearthatunlesscreativityhasbeenacquiredearly,itmayneveremerge;ontheotherhand,skillscanbepickeduplater.However,Idonotwanttooverstatemycase.ThereisenormouscreativitytobefoundinChinesescientific,technologicalandartisticinnovationspastandpresent.AndthereisadangerofexaggeratingcreativebreakthroughsintheWest.Whenanyinnovationisexaminedclosely,itsrelianceonpreviousachievementsisalltooapparent(thestandingontheshouldersofgiantsphenomenon).,.,ButassumingthatthecontrastIhavedevelopedisvalid,andthatthefosteringofskillsandcreativityarebothworthwhilegoals,theimportantquestionbecomesthis:Canwegather,fromtheChineseandAmericanextremes,asuperiorwaytoapproacheducation,perhapsstrikingabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills?,.,NewWordsandExpressionsstylen.mannerofdoingthings行为方式，风格bustlinga.fullofbusyactivity繁忙的，熙攘的kindergartenn.幼儿园elementarya.基本的，初级的，基础的tellinga.impressive;effective难忘的；有力的lobbyn.（旅馆的）大堂，（公共场所入口处的）大厅,.,attachvt.fastenorjoin(onethingtoanother)系，贴，连接attendantn.服务员；侍者，随从slotn.anarrowopening狭缝，狭槽vigorouslyad.energetically用力地；精力充沛地vigorousa.tendera.young;gentleandloving年幼的；温柔的notintheleastnotatallfindoneswayreachadestinationnaturally;arriveat到达；进入，流入,.,bangv.(causeto)makeasuddenloudnoise,esp.byhittingtwothingstogether猛敲，猛击,exploratorya.doneinordertofindoutsth.探索的phenomenon(plphenomenaorphenomenons)n.现象staffn.全体职工，全体雇员initiala.oforatthebeginning,first开始的，最初的assistv.help帮助,.,repositionvt.改变的位置insertvt.put,fit,place(in,into,between)插入，嵌入somewhatad.tosomedegree,alittle有点，稍微expectantlyad.期待地awaitvt.(fml)waitfor等待，等候occasionn.aparticulartimewhensth.happens时刻，场合onoccasionnowandthen有时，间或frownv.,n.皱眉,.,slightlyad.轻微地slighta.neglectvt.givetoolittleattentionorcareto忽视parentala.ofaparentorparents父的，母的；父母的relevanta.directlyconnectedwiththesubject有关的，切题的investigatev.trytofindoutinformationabout调查；探究creativityn.theabilitytomakenewthings创造力,.,anecdoten.ashortamusingstoryaboutaparticularpersonorevent趣闻，轶事exceptionn.例外colleaguen.apersononeworkswith同事actionn.动作；行动ononesownwithoutanyoneshelp;alone独立地；独自地desirablea.worthwanting值得向往的；称心的accomplishvt.managetodo(sth.)完成（某事）activityn.活动，行动accomplishmentn.skill;successfulcompletion本领，技艺；完成，成就,.,induecourseatthepropertime在适当时机sympatheticallyad.同情地sympathetica.criticala.veryimportant;veryseriousordangerous至关重要的；危急的effectivelyad.有效地effectivea.self-reliancen.actingwithoutaskingforsupportfromothers依靠自己，自力更生principala.(ratherfml)main,chief主要的，首要的rearvt.lookafteruntilfullygrownup养育，抚养,.,makeupforrepaywithsth.good,compensatefor补偿，弥补misdeedn.awrongorwickedact不端行为viewvt.(fml)regard,consider看待，考虑creativea.resultingfromnewnessofthought独创的solutionn.(theactoffinding)ananswertoaproblem解决（问题的办法）；解答inretrospect回顾artistica.relatingtoart艺术的,.,well-intentioneda.havinggoodintentions好意的intentionn.purpose意图observern.观察者，观察员clumsilyad.awkwardlyandungracefully笨拙地clumsya.extremea.verygreat极度的，极端的n.thefurthestpossiblelimit,anextremedegree极端，过分facilityn.(fml)abilitytodosth.easilyandwell;(pl)equipment,aids,etc.whichmakeiteasytodothings熟练，灵巧；设备，设施,.,moldvt.make(sth.)intoaparticularshapeorform塑造performancen.表现，行为；演出，表演traditionn.传统,continuala.happeningagainandagain,repeated不断的，一再重复的applyvi.适用；申请calligraphern.书法家workno/at从事craftn.skill,esp.withoneshand手艺；工艺reversaln.acompletechangeoforder,direction,orposition颠倒,.,priorityn.sth.thatonemustdobeforeanythingelse;sth.thatholdsahighplaceamongcompetingclaims优先考虑的事；重点bolda.braveandconfident勇敢的，无畏的departuren.actiondifferentfrom(whatisusualorexpected);anactofleaving背离；出发，离开inseparablea.impossibletoseparatefromsth.else不可分离的,evolvev.(causeto)developgradually（使）逐步发展summarizevt.makeashortaccountofthemainpoints(ofsth.)总结，概述originalityn.新颖；独创性,.,independencen.thestateofbeingfreeornotcontrolledbyanotherperson,country,etc.独立；自主contrastv.对比,culturen.文化harborvt.keep(sth.)secretlyinonesmind怀有fearfula.(fml)afraid害怕的，担心的(ontheonehand)ontheotherhand一方面，另一方面comparablea.thatcanbecomparedwithsth.比得上的；可比的,.,promotevt.helptogrowordevelop促进，推进emergeeout出现pickupgain;learn获得；学会overstatevt.statetoostrongly把讲得过分，夸大enormousa.extremelylarge巨大的；极大的technologicala.技术的，工艺的,.,innovationn.(anexampleof)theintroductionofsth.new革新；新事物exaggeratev.make(sth.)seemlarger,better,etc.thanitreallyis夸大，夸张breakthroughn.animportanteventordiscovery突破reliancen.dependence依靠，依赖achievementn.成就；成绩valida.basedontruthorsoundreasoning有根据的fostervt.helpthegrowthanddevelopmentof培养worthwhilea.worthdoing,worththetroubletaken值得的,.,superiora.betterthanaverageorthanothersofthesametype优良的；较好的ProperNamesHowardGardner霍华德加德纳Ellen埃伦（女子名）Nanjing南京Jinling金陵饭店LanguageSenseEnhancement1.Readaloudparagraphs12-14andlearnthembyheart.2.Readaloudthefollowingpoem:WorkingClassTanyaDlinn,.,WhatamesssaidMissMawganOnecoldandrainydaySoIsaidwedworktogetherAswecantgoouttoplaySoItidiedupthebookshelfWhileJacksortedoutthepensCharmainsdrawerwasverymessyButnotashadasBensShauntidiedupthecardboardSophiesortedoutthepaperMrGoodhallputourpicturesupUsinghisbigstaplerAndwhenweallhadfinishedAndtheclasslookedverycleanWeallweregivenmeritsForworkingasateam,.,3.Readthefollowingquotations.Learnthembyheartifyoucan.Youmightneedtolookupnewwordsinadictionary.Whatoneknowsis,inyouth,oflittlemoment;theyknowenoughwhoknowhowtolearn.HenryAdamsBecuriousalways!Forknowledgewillnotacquireyou;youmustacquireit.SudieBackTheuniverseisfullofmagicalthingspatientlywaitingforourwitstogrowsharper.EdenPhillpottsThewholeartofteachingisonlytheartofawakeningthenaturalcuriosityofyoungmindsforthepurposeofsatisfyingitafterwards.AnatoleFrance,.,4.Readthefollowinghumorousstoryforfun.Youmightneedtolookupnewwordsinadictionary.Whilevisitingmybrotherandsister-in-law,IwassurprisedtofindLee,myyoungnephew,helpingthembakecupcakes.Aftertheyweredone,mysister-in-lawallowedhimtoputtheicingon.Whenhehadfinished,hebroughtthemtothetableforourapproval.Thecupcakeslookbeautiful,Lee,mybrothersaid.Howdidyougetthemicedsoevenly?Mynephewreplied,Ilickedthem!,.,UnitTwo,Values,.,PartIPre-ReadingTaskListentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:1.Whoisitabout?2.Whathappenedtohimoneday?3.Doyouthinkitwasworthwhiletowalktwoorthreemilestopaybackthesixandaquartercents?4.Isthestoryrelatedtothethemeoftheunitvalues?,.,Thefollowingwordsintherecordingmaybenewtoyou:dismayn.沮丧，失望disturbvt.使不安conscientiousa.认真的，尽职的,.,PartIITextA,Doesbeingrichmeanyouliveacompletelydifferentlifefromordinarypeople?Not,itseems,ifyournameisSamWalton.THERICHESTMANINAMERICA,DOWNHOMEArtHarrisHeputonadinnerjackettoserveasawaiteratthebirthdaypartyofTheRichestManinAmerica.Heimaginedwhatsurelyawaited:amansion,aRolls-Royceforeverydayoftheweek,dogswithdiamondcollars,servantseverywhere.Thenhewasofftothehouse,wheelingpastthesleepytownsquareinBentonville,aremoteArkansastownof9,920,whereSamWaltonstartedwithalittledimestorethatgrewintoa$6billiondiscountchaincalledWal-Mart.Hedrovedownacountryroad,turnedatamailboxmarkedSamandHelenWalton,andjumpedoutatahouseinthewoods.Itwasnice,butnopalace.Thefurnitureappearedalittleworn.Anoldpickuptrucksatinthegarageandamuddybirddogranabouttheyard.,.,Heneverspottedanyservants.Itwasarealdisappointment,sighswaiterJamieBeaulieu.OnlyinAmericacanabillionairecarryonlikeplainfolksandgetawaywithit.Andthe67-year-olddiscountkingSamMooreWaltonstilltravelsthesewindybackroadsinhis1979Fordpickup,redandwhite,birddogsbyhisside,and,comeshootingseason,waitsinlinelikeeveryoneelsetobuyshellsatthelocalWal-Mart.Hedoesntwantanyspecialtreatment,saysnightmanagerJohnnyBaker,whostrugglestocallthebossbyhisfirstnameasarecentcorporatememocommands.Fewherethinkofhisbillions;theycallhimMr.Samandaccepthisfolksyways.Hesthesamemanwhoopenedhisdimestoreonthesquareandworked18hoursadayforhisdream,saysMayorRichardHoback.Byallaccounts,hesfriendly,cheerful,afineneighborwhodoeshisbesttoblendin,neverflashy,neverthrowinghisweightaround.,.,NomatterhowbigatimehehadonSaturdaynight,youcanfindhiminchurchonSunday.Surelyinareservedseat,right?Wedonthavereservedseats,saysGordonGarlingtonIII,pastorofthelocalchurch.SowheredoesTheRichestManinAmericasit?Whereverhefindsaseat.Look,hesjustnotthatway.Hedoesnthaveasetplace.Atachurchsuppertheothernight,heandhiswifewereinbackwashingdishes.For19years,hesusedthesamebarber.JohnMayhallfindshimwaitingwhenheopensupat7a.m.Hechatsaboutthenationalnews,orreadsinhischair,perhapstheBentonCountyDailyDemocrat,anotherWaltonpropertythatkeepshimoffthefrontpage.ItburiedtheForbeslistatthebottomofpage2.Hesjustnotafront-pageperson,anewspaperemployeeexplains.Butonerecentmorning,TheRichestManinAmericadidsomethingthatwouldhavemadeheadlinesanywhereintheworld:Heforgothismoney.Isaid,Forgetit,takecareofitnexttime,saysbarberMayhall.Buthesaid,No,Illgetit,andhewenthomeforhiswallet.Wasntthat,well,alittlestrange?Nosir,saysMayhall,theonlythingstrangeaboutSamWaltonisthatheisntstrange.,.,ButjusthowlongWaltoncanholdfirmtohisfolksyhabitswithcelebrityhunterskeepingfollowinghimwhereverhegoesisanyonesguess.EversinceForbesmagazinepronouncedhimAmericasrichestman,with$2.8billioninWal-Martstock,hesbeenarichmanontherun,steeringclearofreporters,dreamers,andschemers.HemaybetherichestbyForbesrankings,sayscorporateaffairsdirectorJimVonGremp,buthedoesntknowwhetherheisornotandhedoesntcare.Hedoesntspendmuch.Heownsstock,buthesalwaysleftitinthecompanysoitcouldgrow.Buttherealstoryinhismindisthesuccessachievedbythe100,000peoplewhomakeuptheWal-Martteam.HesusuallybackhomeforFridaysalesmeetings,ortheexecutivepeprallySaturdaymorningat7a.m.,whenWalton,ashedoesatnewstoreopenings,isliabletojumpuponachairandleadeveryoneintheWal-Martcheer:GivemeaW!GivemeanA!GivemeanL!Louder!Andloudertheyyell.Nooneadmitstofeelingtheleastbitsilly.ItsallpartoftheWal-MartwayoflifeaslaiddownbySam:loyalty,hardwork,longhours;getideasintothesystemfromthebottomup,Japanese-style;treatyourpeopleright;cutpricesandmarginstotheboneandsleepwellatnight.Employeeswithoneyearonboardqualifyforstockoptions,andareurgedtobuyalltheycan.,.,Afterthepeprally,theresbirdhunting,ortennisonhisbackyardcourt.Buthisstoresarealwaysonhismind.OnetennisguestmanagedtoputhimoffhisgamebyaskingwhyacanofballscostmoreinoneWal-Martthananother.Itturnedouttobeuntrue,butthemoveworked.Waltonlostfourstraightgames.Waltonsetupacollegescholarshipfundforemployeeschildren,adisasterrelieffundtorebuildemployeehomesdamagedbyfires,floods,tornadoes,andthelike.Hebelievedincultivatingideasandrewardingsuccess.Hedsay,Thatfellowworkedhard,letsgivehimalittleextra,recallsretiredpresidentFeroldF.Arend,whowasstunnedatsuchgenerosityafterthestingyemployerhelefttojoinWal-Mart.IhadtochangemywayofthinkingwhenIcameaboard.Thereasonforoursuccess,saysWalton,inacompanyhandout,isourpeopleandthewaytheyretreatedandthewaytheyfeelabouttheircompany.Theybelievethingsaredifferenthere,buttheydeservethecredit.AddscompanylawyerJimHendren:Iveneverseenanyoneyetwhoworkedforhimorwasaroundhimforanylengthoftimewhowasntbetteroff.AndIdontmeanjustfinancially,althoughalotofpeopleare.ItsjustsomethingabouthimcomingintocontactwithSamWaltonjustmakesyouabetterperson.,.,NewWordsandExpressionsmansionn.alargehouse,usu.belongingtoarichperson（豪华的）宅邸，大厦remotea.farawayinspaceortime遥远的dimen.（美国、加拿大的）10分硬币billionnum.（美、法）十亿；（英、德）万亿discountn.amountofmoneywhichmaybetakenoffthefullprice折扣pickupn.alightvanhavinganopenbodywithlowsides小卡车，轻型货车muddya.coveredinmud沾满泥的；泥泞的,.,sighvi.叹气，叹息billionairen.亿万富翁；大富翁carryonbehaveinawildorimproperway;conduct;continue举止随便；进行；继续做folkn.(usu.pl)peopleingeneral人们；人民getawaywithdo(sth.)withoutbeingcaughtorpunished做（某事）而未被发觉或未受惩罚shelln.(AmE)猎枪弹；炮弹；壳locala.ofaparticularplace地方的，当地的treatmentn.对待；待遇,.,corporatea.公司的memon.anoteofsth.toberemembered备忘录folksya.simpleandfriendly友好的，坦率的mayorn.市长by/fromallaccountsaccordingtowhateveryonesays人人都说cheerfula.(ofaperson)happyinalivelyway;(ofsth.)makingonefeelhappy愉快的；令人愉快的,.,blend,v.mixtogetherthoroughly（将）混合blendinmixharmoniously融洽，十分协调flashya.attractingattentionbybeingtoosmartanddecorated浮华的，华而不实的throwonesweightaround(infml)盛气凌人reservevt.keepforaspecialuse;book(aseat,room,table,etc.)将留作专用；预定pastorn.牧师,.,barbern.理发师openup(infml)开门；打开democratn.民主党人；民主主义者employeen.雇员，受雇者headlinen.（报纸上的）标题walletn.皮夹子holdtokeepto遵守，不改变celebrityn.famousperson名人,.,stockn.资本；股票，证券ontheruninflight;continuouslyactive奔逃，逃避；忙个不停steerv.驾驶steerclearofkeepawayfrom避开，避免reportern.记者schemern.阴谋家schemen.阴谋；计划,.,rankingn.地位；等级rankv.（将）列为（某等级）makeupform,constitute构成，组成executiven.,a.经营管理方面的（人员）；行政方面的（人员）pepn.(infml)keenactivityandenergy劲头，活力rallyn.,v.集会peprallyagatheringintendedtoencouragethelisteners鼓舞士气的会议openingn.theactofbecomingormakingopen,esp.officially（正式的）开张，开幕,