F._Scott_Fitzgerald_ppt课件

.,NovelistsinModernism,.,1.TheLostGenerationErnestHemingwayF.Scott.Fitzgerald2.WilliamFaulkner,Writersin1920s,.,lostgeneration“迷惘的一代”,GroupofexpatriateAmericanwritersresidingprimarilyinParisduringthe1920sand1930s.Thegroupneverformedacohesiveliterarymovement,butitconsistedofmanyinfluentialAmericanwriters,includingErnestHemingway,F.ScottFitzgerald,WilliamCarlosWilliams,EzraPound,T.S.Eliot,andHartCrane.ThegroupwasgivenitsnamebytheAmericanwriterGertrudeStein,who,inaconversationwithHemingway,usedanexpression“alostgeneration”,torefertoexpatriateAmericansbitterabouttheirworldwarI(1914-1918)experiencesanddisillusionedwithAmericansociety.Hemingwaylaterusedthephraseasanepigraph（题词）forhisnovel“TheSunAlsoRises”太阳照常升起(1926).,.,TheLostGeneration,Itrefersto,ingeneral,thepost-WorldWarFirstgeneration,butspecificallyagroupofexpatriatedisillusionedintellectualsandartists,whoexperimentedonnewmodesofthoughtandexpressionbyrebellingagainstformeridealsandvaluesandreplacingthemonlybydespairoracynicalhedonism（享乐主义）.,.,FamousAmericannovelist,shortstorywriter,andessayist；Fitzgeraldisrepresentativeofthe1920s;aspokesmanfortheJazzAge,oneofthe“lostgeneration”writers.,F.ScottFitzgerald,.,LifeandCareerMajorWorksFitzgeraldandtheJazzAgeTheAmericanDreamCaseStudy,Outline,.,BorninSt.Paul,MinnesotaonSeptember24,1896HadanexpensiveeducationinprivateschoolsatPrinceton.Duetoillnessandneglectofacademicstudy,helefttheuniversityin1917withoutgraduation.,Lifeandcareer,.,MarriedZeldaSayre,whoexertedastronginfluenceonhisliterarycareerandhispersonallife.Shewastheprototypeofaseriesofrich,beautifulwomenwhofigureprominentlyinhisfiction.Theyoungcouplefrequentlywentabroadandlivedextravagantlyaluxuriouslife.Tokeepearningenoughmoney,Fitzgeraldwroteshortstoriesandnovelsatarapidspeed.,.,The1930sbroughtrelentlessdeclineforFitzgeraldwithaseriesofmisfortunes:hisreputationdeclined,hiswealthfell,hishealthfailed.Zeldahadsufferedfromsomeseriousmentalbreakdownswhichconfinedherinasanitarium(疗养院)fortherestofherlife.Alcoholism,lonelinessanddespaircombinedtoruinFitzgerald.Hediedin1940ofaheartattack.,.,Majorworks,novelThisSideofParadise人间天堂:Hisfirstnovel.Itwonforhimwealthandfame.TheBeautifulandDamned漂亮冤家又名美丽与毁灭TheGreatGatsby了不起的盖茨比/长岛春梦:Hismasterpiece.ItmadehimoneofthegreatestAmericannovelists.TenderistheNight夜色温柔.TheLastTycoon最后的大亨:Hislastnovel.Itremainsunfinished.,.,.,Majorworks,shortstories:FlappersandPhilosophers(1921)时髦女和哲学家TalesoftheJazzAge(1922)爵士乐时代的故事AlltheSadYoungMan(1926)一代悲哀的年轻人TapsatReveille(1935)早晨的起床号BabylonRevisited（1931）重访巴比伦,.,FitzgeraldandtheJazzAge,TheJazzAge:Itreferstothe1920s,atimemarkedbyfrivolity(轻松快活),carelessness,hedonism(享乐主义)andexcitementinthelifeoftheflamingyouth.Fitzgeraldislargelyresponsibleforthetermandmanyofhisliteraryworksportrayit.TheJazzAgeisbroughtvividlytolifeinTheGreatGatsby.,.,Daisy,themaincharacterfromTheGreatGatsby,exemplifiedthetraitsofaflapperwoman（时髦少女）fromthe“roaringtwenties”JazzAge.,.,WomensfashionsandhairstylesweredaringandrevealingduringtheJazzAge.Womenbegantoexpressthemselves.Thiswastheearlystagesofthefeministmovement.,.,TheJazzAgewasthetimeofthebigbandsound,prohibition,theflapper,andthenewgenreofmodernistwriting.,.,.,.,19,TheJazzSinger,.,20,.,WomensChangingRoles,.,Twoflappers（轻佻女子）dancingtheCharlestonontheroofofChicagosShermanHotel(1926).,.,FitzgeraldandtheJazzAge,MostcriticshaveagreedthatFitzgeraldisbothaninsiderandanoutsideroftheJazzAge.FitzgeraldsfictionalworldisthebestembodimentofthespiritoftheJazzAge,inwhichheshowsaparticularinterestintheupper-classsociety,especiallytheupper-classyoungpeople.,.,1.SomefactsaboutthenovelTheGreatGatsby(1925)了不起的盖茨比timeandplacewritten:19231924,AmericaandFrancedateoffirstpublication:1925narrator:NickCarraway;Carrawaynotonlynarratesthestorybutimpliesthatheisthebooksauthorpointofview:NickCarrawaynarratesinbothfirstandthirdperson,presentingonlywhathehimselfobserves.,.,3.ThePlot,ThesettingisNewYorkCityandLongIslandduringthe1920s.NickCarraway,thenarrator,isayoungPrincetonman,whoworksasabondbrokerinManhattan.HebecomesinvolvedinthelifeofhisneighboratLongIsland,JayGatsby,shadyandmysteriousfinancier,whoisentertaininghundredsofguestsatlavishparties.GatsbyrevealstoNick,thatheandNickscousinDaisyFayBuchanan,hadabriefaffairbeforethewar.However,DaisymarriedTomBuchanan,arichbutboringmanofsocialposition.GatsbylostDaisybecausehehadnomoney,butheisstillinlovewithher.,.,HepersuadesNicktobringhimandDaisytogetheragain.GatsbytriestoconvinceDaisytoleaveTom,who,inturn,revealsthatGatsbyhasmadehismoneyfrombootlegging（贩私酒）.Daisy,drivingGatsbyscar,hitsandkillsTomsmistress,MyrtleWilson,unawareofheridentity.GatsbyremainssilenttoprotectDaisy.TomtellsMyrtleshusbanditwasGatsbywhokilledhiswife.WilsonmurdersGatsbyandthencommitssuicide.NickislefttoarrangeGatsbysfuneral,attendedonlyGatsbysfatherandoneformerguest.,.,4.MajorCharacters:,NickCarraway-Thenarratorofthenovel;movesfromtheMidwesttoNewYorktolearnthebondbusiness.,.,4.MajorCharacters:,JayGatsby-LivesnexttoNickinamansion（豪宅）;throwshugeparties,completewithcateredfood,openbars,andorchestras;peoplecomefromeverywheretoattendtheseparties,butnooneseemstoknowmuchaboutthehost.,.,4.MajorCharacters:,DaisyBuchananShallow（肤浅的）girlwhoistheemodiment（体现）ofGatsbysdreams;shewasgoingtomarryGatsbybuthewentofftowar.,.,4.MajorCharacters:,TomBuchanan-HusbandofDaisy;acruelmanwholiveslifeirresponsibly.,.,4.MajorCharacters:,MyrtleWilson-Tomhasanaffairwiththismarriedwoman,andthenabandonsherafterhebecomeboredwithher.,.,4.MajorCharacters:,GeorgeWilson-MyrtleWilsonshusband,whokilledGatsbyandcommittedsuicideafterhiswifesdeath.,.,-ThedeclineoftheAmericanDreamThehollownessoftheupperclassCultureclash,5.Theme,.,TheAmericanDreamandTheGreatGatsby,TheAmericanDreamistheideaheldbymanyintheUnitedStatesofAmericanthatthroughhardwork,courage,anddeterminationonecanachievefinancialandpersonalsuccess.ThesewerevaluesheldbymanyearlyEuropeansettlers,andhavebeenpasseddowntosubsequentgenerations.WhattheAmericandreamhasbecomeisaquestionsunderconstantdiscussion,andsomebelievethatithasledtoanemphasisonmaterialwealthasameasureofsuccessand/orhappiness.,.,TheAmericanDreamandTheGreatGatsby,WhilstTheGreatGatsbyexploresanumberofthemes,noneismoreprevalentthanthatofthecorruptionoftheAmericandream.Gatsbyappearstobetheembodimentofthisdream-hehasrisenfrombeingapoorfarmboywithnoprospects,tobeingrich,havingabighouse,servants,andalargesocialcircleattendinghisnumerousfunctions.Hehasachievedallthisinonlyafewshortyears,havingreturnedfromthewarpenniless.However,Gatsbyisnevertrulyoneoftheelite-hisdreamisjustafaade(表面）,.,TheAmericanDreamandTheGreatGatsby,However,FitzgeraldexploresmuchmorethanthefailureoftheAmericandream-heismoredeeplyconcernedwithitstotalcorruption.Gatsbyhasnotachievedhiswealththroughhonesthardwork,butthroughbootleggingandcrime.Hismoneyisnotsimply“new”money-itisdirtymoney,earnedthroughdishonestyandcrime.Hiswealthylifestyleislittlemorethanafaade,asisthewholepersonJayGatsby.,.,TheAmericanDreamandTheGreatGatsby,Thesocietyinwhichthenoveltakesplaceisoneofmoraldecadence.Whethertheirmoneyisinheritedorearned,itsinhabitantaremorallydecadent,livinglifeinquestofcheapthrillsandwithnoseemingmoralpurposeoftheirlives.Anypersonwhoattemptstomoveupthroughthesocialclassesbecomescorruptintheprocess.,.,FitzgeraldandtheAmericanDream,FitzgeraldsfictionsoftendealwiththebankruptcyoftheAmericanDream,whichishighlightedbythedisillusionmentoftheprotagonistspersonaldreamsduetotheclashesbetweentheirromanticvisionoflifeandthesordidreality.,.,Fitzgeraldsownlifewasamirrorofthe1920s.Hewasthevictimofhis“AmericanDream.”Hewasfascinatedwithmaterialwealthononehandbywritinghardtoaccumulatewealthtoliveanextravagant(铺张的)life,yetwasbewildered(使迷惑)withthewealthontheother,fullyawareoftheunderlyingspiritualdisorientationandmoraldecay.Finallyinhislife,alcoholism,lonelinessanddespaircombinedtoruinhim.,FitzgeraldandtheAmericanDream,.,Casestudy,.,(1)Therewasmusicfrommyneighborshousethroughthesummernights.Inhisbluegardensmenandgirlscameandwentlikemothsamongthewhisperingsandthechampagneandthestars.AthightideintheafternoonIwatchedhisguestsdivingfromthetowerofhisraft,ortakingthesunonthehotsandofhisbeachwhilehistwomotor-boatsslitthewatersoftheSound,drawingaquaplanesovercataractsoffoam.,.,Onweek-endshisRolls-Roycebecameanomnibus,bearingpartiestoandfromthecitybetweennineinthemorningandlongpastmidnight,whilehisstationwagonscamperedlikeabriskyellowbugtomeetalltrains.AndonMondayseightservants,includinganextragardener,toiledalldaywithmopsandscrubbing-brushesandhammersandgarden-shears,repairingtheravagesofthenightbefore.,.,整个夏天的夜晚都有音乐声从我邻居家传过来。在他蔚蓝的花园里，男男女女像飞蛾一般在笑语、香摈和繁垦中间来来往往。下午涨潮的时候，我看着他的客人从他的木筏的跳台上跳水，或是躺在他私人海滩的热沙上晒太阳，同时他的两艘小汽艇破浪前进，拖着滑水板驶过翻腾的浪花。每逢周末，他的罗尔斯一罗伊斯轿车就成了公共汽车，从早晨九点到深更半夜往来城里接送客人，同时他的旅行车也像一只轻捷的黄硬壳虫那样去火车站接所有的班车。每星期一，八个仆人，包括一个临时园丁，整整苦于一天，用许多拖把、板刷、榔头、修技剪来收拾前一晚的残局。,.,WritingStyle,FitzgeraldisconsideredasagreatstylistinAmericanliterature.Hisstyle,closelyrelatedtohisthemes,isexplicitandchilly.Hisaccuratedialogues,hiscarefulobservationofmannerism,styles,modelsandattitudesprovidethereaderwithavividsenseofreality.Heusedthescenicmethodinhischapters,eachoneofwhichconsistsofoneormoredramaticscenes,sometimeswithinterveningpassagesofnarration,leavingthetediousprocessoftransitiontothereadersimagination.Fitzgeraldsproseissmooth,sensitive,andcompletelyoriginalinitsdictionandmetaphors.,.,Atthebeginningofthischapter,Gatsbyspartiesbring1920swealthandglamourintofullfocus,showingtheupperclassatitsmostlavishlyopulent.However,whatliebehindthoseluxuriouspartiesaremeaninglessnessandemptiness.HereFitzgeraldgivesgreatattentiontothedetailsofcontemporarysociety:GatsbyspartyisbothadescriptionandparodyofJazzAgedecadence.,Analysis,.,(2)“Whatdoyouthink?”hedemandedimpetuously.“Aboutwhat?”Hewavedhishandtowardthebook-shelves.“Aboutthat.Asamatteroffactyouneedntbothertoascertain.Iascertained.Theyrereal.”“Thebooks?”Henodded.“Absolutelyrealhavepagesandeverything.Ithoughttheydbeanicedurablecardboard.Matteroffact,theyreabsolutelyreal.PagesandHere!Lemmeshowyou.”,.,Takingourscepticismforgranted,herushedtothebookcasesandreturnedwithVolumeOneofthe“StoddardLectures.”“See!”hecriedtriumphantly.“Itsabona-fidepieceofprintedmatter.Itfooledme.ThisfellasaregularBelasco.Itsatriumph.Whatthoroughness!Whatrealism!Knewwhentostop,toodidntcutthepages.Butwhatdoyouwant?Whatdoyouexpect?”Hesnatchedthebookfrommeandreplacedithastilyonitsshelf,mutteringthatifonebrickwasremovedthewholelibrarywasliabletocollapse.,.,“你觉得怎么样？”他冒冒失失地问道。“关于什么？”他把手向书架一扬。“关于那个。其实你也不必仔细看了，我已经仔细看过。它们都是真的。”“这些书吗？”他点点头。“绝对是真的一页一页的，什么都有。我起先还以为大概是好看的空书壳子。事实上，它们绝对是真的。一页一页的什么等等！我拿给你们瞧。”,.,他想当然地认为我们不相信，急忙跑到书橱前面，拿回来一本斯托达德演说集卷一约翰-斯托达德（JohnStoddard，1850-1931），美国演说家，著有演说集十卷。“瞧！”他得意洋洋地嚷道，“这是一本地地道道的印刷品。它真把我蒙住了。这家伙简直是个贝拉斯科。真是巧夺天工。多么一丝不苟！多么逼真！而且知道见好就收并没裁开纸页。你还要怎样？你还指望什么？”大卫-贝拉斯科（DavidBelasco，18501931），美国舞台监督，以布景逼真闻名。他从我手里把那本书一把夺走，急急忙忙把它放回书架的原处，一面叽咕着说什么假使一块砖头被挪开，整个图书室就有可能塌掉。,.,TheLibraryOneofhisguestsissurprisedtofindthathisbooksarerealandnotjustemptycoversdesignedtocreatetheappearanceofagreatlibrary,whichsuggeststhatmanyoftheinhabitantsofthewestandeastegguseanoutwardshowofwealthtocoveruptheirinnercorruptionandmoraldecay,butGatsbyseemstousehisrichnesstomasksomethingentirelydifferentandperhapsmoreprofound.,Analysis,.,(3)Hesmiledunderstandinglymuchmorethanunderstandingly.Itwas