2018高考英语 完形填空讲解

,Howtodoclozetests?,完形填空,做完形的时候你有以下问题吗？,烦慢错不得不做，硬着头皮做，还是错,完形填空考查的是对学生的综合语言运用能力，但是每一个空格的设置并不是随心所欲的，命题人主要通过上下文暗示出的某种信息来保证答案的正确性和唯一性。考生应该通过上下文的暗示获取解题信息，留意暗送的“秋波”，也就是：关键词,出题者的初衷,命题特点：,1.短文长度300词左右，记叙文、说明文和议论文（主要是夹叙夹议类）为主。记叙文故事情节多有曲折；议论文结构严谨层次分明，有很多对仗现象。2.首句无空格，提供语境。5-10词设一空，人名、地名、日期、数字不在之列。3.选项多为一词，偶尔会为词组。四选项为同一类词或属同一范畴，或近义或形异义，或与前后配成词组。故干扰性、迷性大。有时单独看一句话语法都是正确的，但根据上下文只有一个正确答案。,4.考查单词以实词(v,n,adj,adv,pron.)为主，虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词一般占80%-90%。5.以考查学生对文章的整体理解（篇章逻辑题）和词汇的意义（词汇题）把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上，正确把握上下文的逻辑关系，才能正确判断和选择。6.有些空格答案由上文决定（前置性设空），有些由后文决定（后置性设空），有些要综合上下文才能得到答案（语篇性设空），以后置性设空为主。,英语完形填空解题步骤,速览全文，把握大意。细读首句，摸清文路。瞻前顾后，准确选择。复核全文，调整答案。,2mins,10mins,2mins,1mins,HerearesomeBasicskillsofcloze,eg1.Manyoldpeopledonthavegood_.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesight,1)TheycantwatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.,C,2)Theycantlistentomusicornewsovertheradio,buttheycanreadwithglasses.,3)Theycantwalkoutside,buttheycanwatchTVorlistentomusicornewsovertheradioathome.,A,B,eg2.Waittillyouaremore_.A.relaxedB.satisfiedC.certain,C,2)Illimproveitoncemore.,B,3)Orelseyoullbemorenervousonthestage.,A,eg3.Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery,very_.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous,1)Itsbettertobesure.,Skill1:Choosingbycontext(上下文、语境),eg1.Whenwetalked,Idiscovered（发现）somedifferencesinschoollifebetweentheUSandChina.Forexample,eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS.Itisalittle_thanthatinChina.Weusuallyhaveforty-fiveminutesineachclass.,A.shorterB.longerC.earlierD.later,Skill2：logic（逻辑推理）,eg2.Mymotheroftenaskedme，“Whatisthemostimportantpartofthebody?”Ithoughtsoundwasveryimportanttousashumans，soIsaid“My_，Mommy”Shesaid，“NoManypeoplearedeaf（聋的）,A.earsB.eyesC.bodyD.head,eg1.Atthismoment,theairhostess1.Shelookedpale,butwasquite2.1.A.showedB.presentedC.exposedD.appeared2.A.wellB.stillC.calmD.quiet,Vt.,Vt.,Vt.,Vi,Skill3:Choosingbymeaningsofwordsandexpressions(词汇和短语用法),eg2.Inthemorning,thekingwenttovisitthepond.Tohissurprise,thepondwasonlyfilledwithwater!Whathappened?Yes!Everyonehadthesameidea_thatman.,A.withB.toC.asD.of,thesame,例Wedonthavetotellchildren55theyshouldlearnfromthestoryandwhatthemoralis.55.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whom,tellsb.sth.learnsth.from.,。,Skill4:Choosingbygrammar(语法分析),eg1.andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange_quitepleasanttaste.A.besideB.butC.andD.or,。,eg1.Iturnedthekeyinthelockand_thedooropen.knockedB.forcedC.pushedD.tried,eg2.Allovertheworldpeopleswimforfun.Swimmingisenjoyedbypeopleof_ages,fromtheveryyoungtotheveryold.Therearemanyplacesforpeopletoswiminswimmingpools.A.allB.noneC.someD.both,Skill5:Choosingbycommonsense(常识),eg3.(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothehospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest,Skill6choosingbytherepetitionofthesameword,完形填空试题中，有些词语常常重复出现在语篇中。要学会运用与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。,例IfellinlovewithYosemiteNationalParkthefirsttimeIsawit,whenIwas13.Myparentstookusthereforcamping.Onthewayout,IaskedthemtowaitwhileIranuptoELCapitan,a16rockof3,300feetstraightup.Itouchedthatgiantrockandknew17(immediately)Iwantedtoclimbit.Thathasbeenmylifespassion(钟爱)eversince-18therocksandmountainsofYosemite.16.A.distantB.hugeC.narrowD.loose18.A.imaginingB.paintingC.describingD.climbing,1.Choosingbycontext上下文语境2.Choosingbylogic逻辑3.Choosingbythemeaningsofthewordsandexpressions单词和短语的用法4.Choosingbygrammar语法结构分析5.Choosingbyculturalbackgroundandcommonsense文化背景和常识6.Therepetitionoftheword.同义复现7.排除法、语感等其他方法,methods,WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobecomethestaronourfootballteam.（首句点明文章体裁，人物，时间及关键词）Thatmeant21MillerKing,whowasthebest22atourschool.(唯一的目的就是成为球星，肯定就是打败最好运动员Miller),21.A.cheeringfor（为喝彩叫好）B.beatingoutC.relyingonD.stayingwith22.A.coach(教练）B.studentC.teacherD.player,beatsb.out:todefeatsomeoneordobetterthanthem打败某人,Thatseason,I26allofMillersrecordswhilehe27thehomegamesfromthebench.Wewent10-1andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer,28IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMillers29.,26.A.heldB.brokeC.setD.tried27.A.reportedB.judgedC.organizedD.watched28.A.andB.thenC.butD.thus29.A.decisionB.mistakeC.accidentD.sacrifice（牺牲）,26.break/settherecord打破/创记录betoblamefor因受到责备29.WhathappenedtoMiller?bestruckbyacarandlosthisrightarm,Oneafternoon,IwascrossingthefieldtogohomeandsawMiller30goingoverafencewhichwasnt31toclimbifyouhadbotharms.ImsureIwasthelastpersonintheworldhewantedtoaccept32from.Buteventhatchallengeheaccepted.I33himmoveslowlyoverthefence.Whenwewerefinally34ontheotherside,hesaidtome,“Youknow,Ididnttellyouthisduringtheseason,butyoudid35.Thankyouforfillinginfor36.”,30.A.stuck(动不了的，被卡住的）B.hurtC.tiredD.lost31.A.steadyB.hardC.funD.fit32.A.praiseB.adviceC.assistanceD.apology33.A.letB.helpedC.hadD.noticed34.A.droppedB.readyC.trappedD.safe35.A.fineB.wrongC.quicklyD.normally36.A.usB.yourselfC.meD.them,36.fillinforsb.“代替”:taketheplaceofsb.,Hiswordsfreedmefrommybad37.Ithoughttomyself,howevenwithoutanarmhewasmoreofaleader.Damagedbutnotdefeated,hewas38aheadofme.Iwasrighttohave39him.Fromthatdayon，Igrew40andalittlemorereal.,37.A.memoriesB.ideasC.attitudesD.dreams38.A.stillB.alsoC.yetD.just39.A.challengedB.curedC.invitedD.admired(欣/赞赏）40.A.