21世纪大学新英语读写译教程 第三册 课文翻译 课件 ppt Unit7

Unit7Honesty,ProverbsandQuotations,Ifyoutellthetruthyoudonthavetorememberanything.Am.MarkTwain若你讲实话，那你无需记住什么。美马克吐温Betruetoyourwork,yourword,andyourfriend.Am.HenryDavidThoreau真心对待你的工作，你的言辞，和你的朋友。美亨利大卫梭罗Integrityistellingmyselfthetruth.Andhonestyistellingthetruthtootherpeople.Am.SpencerJohnson正直是告诉自己真相。而诚实是告诉他人真相。美斯宾塞约翰逊,Outline,TeachingObjectives,Part1Lead-in,Part2ReadingFocusTextA,Part3IntegratedExercises,Part4ReadingFocusTextB,Part5IntranetAssignments,TeachingObjectives,Tolieornottolie,thisisaquestion.Onmanyoccasions,manyofuswillgivethenegativeanswer.Thereasonisthatwehavebeentaughtfromchildhoodtofirmlybelievethathonestyisthebestpolicy.Butinreallife,wefindthatsometimeswecanjustifyourselvesbytellingwhitelies.Inthisunit,wearegoingtoreadtwotexts.TextAofferssomeideasonwhatweshoulddowhenweconfrontthiskindofsituation.TextBtellsabouttheauthorspersonalexperienceofgettingtoknowthemosthonestmaninhislife.,Bylearningthisunit,studentswillbeabletograspthemainideaandstructureofthetexts,masterthekeylanguagepoints,newwords,grammaticalstructuresandtranslationskills.Andstudentswillalsobeabletoimprovetheiroralcommunicationskillsandreadingcompetencethroughperformingtherelevanttasks.WritingFocusinthisunitlooksathowtowritenotices.Throughlearningthispart,studentswillknowthestructureandlanguagestyleofnoticewritingandbeabletowriteincorrectforms.,Lookatthepictureanddiscusswithyourpartnerthefollowingquestions.,Lead-in,1.Whatdoyoulearnfromthepictures?2.Howshouldparentsteachtheirkidstobehonest?3.Doyouknowanygreatpeoplesstoriesabouthonesty?Ifyes,shareyourstorieswithyourclassmates.,Lead-in,B.ListeningPracticeListentotheshortstoryabouthonesty.Pre-listeningTask,Whatwillyoudowhenasmallliewillbringyouallthegoodyoudesireorsomethingbeneficial,whileatruthdeprivesyouofallthese?Why?,Lead-in,B.ListeningPracticePost-listeningtaskAnswerthefollowingquestions.,1.Whenandwheredidthestoryhappen?2.WhatdoweknowaboutBobbyLewis?3.Whatdidthemanattheticketcountersay?,“Hey,Mister,didyoujustwinthelotteryorsomething?Youcouldhavesavedyourselfthreebucks.Youcouldhavetoldmethattheolderonewassix;Iwouldnthaveknownthedifference.”,_,AsunnySaturdayafternooninOklahomaCity.,_,Heisaproudandhonestfather.,_,4.Howmuchshouldthefatherpaytogetthethreeintothegolfcourse?5.Whydoesthefathertellthemanattheticketcounterthathisoldersonwasseven?,$6.00.,_,Becausethekidswouldhaveknowniftheirfatherhadnottoldthetruth.,_,【Script】,【Script】,ItwasasunnySaturdayafternooninOklahomaCity.MyfriendBobbyLewis,aproudfather,wastakinghistwolittleboystoplayminiaturegolf.Hewalkeduptothefellowattheticketcounterandsaid,“Howmuchisittogetin?”Theyoungmanreplied,“$3.00foryouand$3.00foranykidwhoisolderthansix.Welettheminfreeiftheyaresixoryounger.Howoldarethey?”Bobbyreplied,“Thelawyersthreeandthedoctorisseven,soIguessIoweyou$6.00.”,Themanattheticketcountersaid,“Hey,Mister,didyoujustwinthelotteryorsomething?Youcouldhavesavedyourselfthreebucks.Youcouldhavetoldmethattheolderonewassix;Iwouldnthaveknownthedifference.”Bobbyreplied,“Yes,thatmaybetrue,butthekidswouldhaveknownthedifference.”AsRalphWaldoEmersonsaid,“WhoyouarespeakssoloudlyIcanthearwhatyouresaying.”Inchallengingtimeswhenethicsaremoreimportantthaneverbefore,makesureyousetagoodexampleforeveryoneyouworkandlivewith.,ReadingFocus-TextA,FirstReadingReadthetextandthenanswerthequestionsintheleftmargin.,Note2DonaldW.McCullough:ThepresidentofSanFranciscoTheologicalSeminaryandprofessoroftheologyandpreaching.,WhiteLies,HardTruths1DonaldW.McCullough2,Note1ThisarticleisadaptedfromSayPlease,SayThankYou:TheRespectWeOweOneAnother.,VernaclaimsthatIsaidherbabywasugly.Icantimaginebeingthatinsensitive,butitwasalongtimeagoandmymemoryisntexactinthesematters.IdorecallVernaholdinguphernew-bornandsaying,“Isntshecute?”AndI,seeingalittlefaceandbeingcommittedtocompletehonesty,musthavesaidsomethinglike,“Well,shereallyisababy”.Ormaybe,“Ittakesaninfantafewmonthsbeforeshecanreallybeconsideredcute”.,1,Chinese善意的谎言，严酷的真相唐纳德W麦卡洛,LanguagePointdorecall:“Do/did”isusedtogiveemphasistothemainverbwhenthereisnootherauxiliary.e.g.Yes,Idorememberyou.Youdidhavethetaperecorderwithyou.,LanguagePointmusthavedonesth.:Youuse“musthave”withapastparticipletoindicatethatyoubelievethatsomethingisthecase,becauseoftheavailableevidence.e.g.Judgingfromthis,theymusthavebeenhereawhileago.Hemusthaveoverslept;otherwise,heshouldbeherenow.,Chinese薇娜声称我讲过她婴儿长得丑。我无法想象我说话居然如此不得体，但那是好久以前的事了，具体的事儿我已经记忆模糊了。我的确记得薇娜抱着她的新生儿说：“她可爱吗？”而我，看见一张小脸，觉得应该说大实话，肯定说了类似的话：“嗯，她其实还是个婴儿”。或许说过，“婴儿都要过几个月后才可以真正称得上可爱”。,Liesaresometimesnecessary.,Whatdowelearnabouttheconsequenceofthetruththeauthorsaysaboutthebabyinthefirsttwoparagraphs?,2,Nearly30yearshavepassed,butwheneverIrunintoVernasheremindsmethatIcalledherbabyugly.Idontknowherdaughter;forallIknowshebecameMissUniverse3,orperhapsmywordslodgedinhertinysubconsciousandshehasspentthelast15yearsinpsychoanalysis4workingtoovercomelowself-esteem.Inanyevent,InowwishIhadlied.Itwouldhavesavedallofusalotofgrief.,Note3MissUniverse:MissUniverseisanannualinternationalbeautycontestrunbytheMissUniverseOrganization.Thecontestwasfoundedin1952byCaliforniaclothingcompanyPacificMills.ThepageantbecamepartofKayser-RothandthenGulfandWesternIndustries,beforebeingacquiredbyDonaldTrumpin1996.AlongsidewithitsrivalMissWorldandMissEarthcontests,thispageantisoneofthemostpublicizedbeautycontestsintheworld.,Note4psychoanalysis:Amethodoftreatingmentalillness,originatingwithSigmundFreud,inwhichapsychiatrist(analyst)helpsapatientdiscoverandconfrontthecausesoftheillness.Manypsychiatristsbelievethatthesecausesareburieddeepintheunconsciousofthepatientandcanbebroughttothesurfacethroughsuchtechniquesashypnosisandtheanalysisofdreams.Psychoanalysisemphasizesthatmentalillnessusuallyoriginatesinrepressedsexualdesiresortraumasinchildhood.,LanguagePointInowwishIhadlied.Itwouldhavesavedallofusalotofgrief.Inthetwosentences“wish”and“wouldhavesaved”areusedtoexpressawill/wishorsomethingyouwoulddobutdidnotdo,sosubjunctivemoodisrequired,whichmeanspasttenseorpastperfecttenseisusedafter“wish”,andpastperfecttenseafter“would”.e.g.IwishIcouldhavethemoneyandtimetotravelaroundtheworld.(wish+pasttense:meaning“Idonothavethemoneyandtimenow”)IwishIhadnotmissedthatlecture.(wish+pastparticiple:meaning“Ididnotgotothelecture”)Hewouldhaveattendedtheseminar,buthehadanunexpectedvisitor.Iwouldhavedoneabetterjobthanhedid.,Chinese将近三十年过去了，可我每次碰到薇娜，她都会说道，我曾说过她的孩子长得难看。我不认识她女儿；我只知她成了“环球小姐”，或许是我的话深深烙在她幼小的潜意识中，因而在过去的15年间，通过心理分析她努力克服自卑。无论怎样，我现在真的希望当初说了谎。谎言会减轻我的巨大的痛苦。,Occasionally,courtesycallsforalie.LetmestressthatImtalkingaboutwhitelies5.Evenso,IrealizeIvelaunchedintoverydangerouswaters,withrocksandriptidesoftoughethicalquestionsallaround.,3,Note5whitelie:Anuntruthtoldtosparefeelingsorfrompoliteness,asinSheaskedifIlikedherdress,andofcourseItoldawhitelie.Thistermuseswhiteinthesenseofharmless.,Chinese有时，谦恭需要谎言。我强调一下，我说的是善意的谎言。即便如此，我意识到自己涉入了危险的水域，四周都是棘手的道德的暗礁与激浪。,Itsdifficulttotalkabouttheimportanceoflyingwhenlyingissowidespreadinoursociety.Politicianslietogetelected,doctorslieonMedicare6reports,universitieslieaboutathletes,advertiserslietosellproducts,ordinarycitizenslieonincometaxreturns,andyes,evenpreacherslie.Weliveinamarket-drivensociety,andtomakethesalewhetheritbeofacaroracandidateoracanofbeerthetruthgetspulledandstretchedpastanythingresemblingreality.7,4,Note6Medicare:AprogramundertheU.S.SocialSecurityAdministrationthatreimburseshospitalsandphysiciansformedicalcareprovidedtoqualifyingpeopleover65yearsold.Medicarehelpsoutpeopleatatimeintheirliveswhentheymayhaveserioushealthproblemsbutlackthefundingfortreatment.Theprogramsubsidizespeoplewhomeetoneofthefollowingcriteria:Anindividualovertheageof65whohasbeenaU.S.citizenorpermanentlegalresidentforfiveyears.AnindividualwhoisdisabledandhascollectedSocialSecurityforaminimumoftwoyears.Anindividualwhoisundergoingdialysisforkidneyfailureorwhoisinneedofakidneytransplant.AnindividualwhohasAmyotrophicLateralSclerosis(ALS-LouGehrigsdisease).,Note7whetheritbeofacaroracandidateoracanofbeerthetruthgetspulledandstretchedpastanythingresemblingreality:Theuseofbareinfinitive“be”isbecauseofthesubjunctivemoodinthewhetherclause,“should”isomittedhere.Thewholesentenceis“whetheritshouldbeofacaroracanofbeer”.e.g.Whethersheberightorwrong,shewillhavemysupport.Thelatterhalfofthesentencecanbeparaphrasedas“thetruthisdistortedanditisnolongerwhatitis”.,Medicareisdividedintotwoparts.Thefirstpartofthecoverageencompassesinpatienthospital,skillednursingfacility,homehealthandhospicecare.Thesecondpartofcoverageencompassesalmostallthenecessarymedicalservices(doctorsservices,laboratoryandx-rayservices,wheelchairs,etc.).,Chinese当说谎在我们的社会如此流行，那么谈论说谎的重要性就很难。政客们说谎得以当选，医生们在医疗保险报告里说谎，大学对运动员说谎，广告商在推销产品时说谎，普通市民在收入税退税上说谎，确实，甚至牧师也说谎。我们生活在一个以市场为导向的社会里，要做一笔交易无论推销的是一辆汽车，还是一个候选人，或是一罐啤酒真相被曲解，事实被歪曲。,Andyet,strangely,wealsoliveinatell-allculture.Wehaveelevatedthepersonalconfessiontoanartform:supermodelsconfessinsecurityabouttheirbodies,moviestarsconfessshyness,politiciansconfessfrustration,andpreachersconfesssexualwrongdoings.ItstheAlcoholicsAnonymous8approachoutofcontrol:“Hi,mynameisBill,andImarecoveringalcoholic/gambler/overeater/sexaddict/couchpotato.”TheTwelve-Stepprogramprovidesanexcellentwaytoovercomeavarietyofaddictions.Butthereisatimeandplaceforpsychologicalstripping;callmeuptightandcloseddown,butIdontthinkitshouldbeinfrontofjustanyonewhowilllisten,nottomentiononnationaltelevisionorinsupermarketmagazines.,5,Note8AlcoholicsAnonymous:Anorganizationofalcoholicswhosepurposeistostaysoberandhelpothersrecoverfromthediseaseofalcoholism.Abbreviation:AA,A.A.（1935年成立于美国俄亥俄州，总部设在纽约，成立目的在以酒鬼帮酒鬼的方式，鼓励酒瘾患者重建生活，目前在全球逾140个国家都有组织）,LanguagePointsuper+n./a.:“Super”isusedbeforenounstoindicatethatsomethingislarger,better,ormoreadvancedthansimilarthings.Itcanalsobeusedtoformadjectiveswhichindicatethatsomethingisatahigherlevelthansomethingelse.e.g.supercomputer/superhuman/superherosupernormal/supernatural,Chinese然而，奇怪的是，我们也生活在一个什么都可以公开的社会里。我们已把个人表白上升至一种艺术：超级模特儿承认对自己的身材有不安全感；影星们坦白会害羞；政客们表白有挫败感，牧师们供认性行为有失检点。这是“嗜酒者互戒会”的方法被使用得失控了。“嗨，大家好，我叫比尔，我正在从酗酒/赌博/过量饮食/性过度/沙发土豆中康复。”这个十二步计划提供了一个极好的方法来克服各种瘾疾。但是心理坦承应有个时间和地点性；无论你认为我是诚实的还是封闭的，但我认为这不该是谁想听就说给谁听，更不要说上全国电视节目或是上超市杂志了。,Theapproachisoutofcontrol.Peopleconfessininappropriateplaceandtime.,WhatdoestheauthorthinkofusingtheAlcoholicAnonymousapproachindealingwithtellingtruth?,Thissharing,unfortunately,hasawayofspreadingoutwardtowardothers,asifmyopennessgivesmetherighttopullyououtofwhateverclosetyouarein.Itsthearent-you-glad-were-so-psychologically-mature-that-we-can-be-completely-honestmannerofrelatingtoothers:9“Theresa,really,youhavetoomuchofaninferioritycomplexaboutyourfigure;itsnotasbadasyouthink.”Wedidthesamethinginjuniorhighschool,butnowthatweremoremature.Frankly,Iwouldjustassoongobacktothegoodolddayswhenaput-downwasaput-down.,6,Note9Itsthearent-you-glad-were-so-psychologically-mature-that-we-can-be-completely-honestmannerofrelatingtoothers:Thisisacompoundadjectiveformedbyasentencemodifyingtheword“manner”.Therearemanysuchcompoundsmadeofdifferentwordsandphraseslike:nuclear-weapon-free,hot-tempered,peaceloving,dog-eat-dog,quick-frozenetc.Itissuggestedthatbeginnersnotusethiskindoflongsentenceascompoundadjectives.,LanguagePointshare+n.:“Share”isaverycommonverb.Itcanbefollowedbymanynounssuchasthefollowing.e.g.sharecost/anexperience/aroom/prize/task/story/opinionssharememories/knowledge/happiness/quality/feelings/personalthoughts,Chinese不幸的是，这种分享，是一种向外传播给他人的方式，似乎我的公开可以把你从任何一个密室中拉出来。这是一种与他人相处的办法：我们心理上非常成熟，我们完全诚实，你难道不高兴吗？我们会说：“特丽莎，真的，你对自己的身材太自卑了，它不像你想象的那么糟糕。”我们上初中时就这样了，但是现在我们更加成熟。坦白地说，我愿马上回到过去的好时光，那时人们实话实说。,Howcanwespeaktruthfullyaboutlyinginanenvironmenttornbetweendeceitfulnessandcompulsiveconfession?TheancientphilosopherAristotlemaybeofhelp.Hesaidthathonestywasmorethanunloadingeverythingtoeveryone.Rather,itisspeakingtherighttruthtotherightpersonattherighttimeintherightwayfortherightreason.,7,LanguagePointbeof+n.:“Beof+abstractnouns”functionsasanadjectivetoindicateinaformalwayacharacteristicorqualitythatsomeoneorsomethinghas.Usuallywecanhavesomeadjectivestomodifytheseabstractnouns,sothispatterniscommonlyseen:beof+no/great/much/alittle+abstractnoun.e.g.Thesepiecesofworkareofgreatartisticvalue.Thewebsiteswillbeofmuchhelptoyouwhenyouwriteyourtermpaper.,Chinese在一个欺骗和强迫性的坦白环境中，我们怎样才能真实地面对谎言？古代哲学家亚里斯多德也许可以助一臂之力。他说诚实不只是向任何人倾诉一切。相反它是：在适当的时间以合适的方式、合适的理由对合适的人说了合适的事。,Tellingtruthshouldbedonetotherightpersonattherighttimeintherightwayfortherightperson.,Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardstellingtruthintheenvironmenttornbetweendeceitfulnessandcompulsiveconfession?,Noteverytruthisminetotell:atruthsharedinconfidenceoratruththatwouldneedlesslyhurtanotherisnotminetotell.Noteverypersonhasarighttoknowthetruth:somewillfullydistortwhattheyhear;somehaveundiscriminatingtongues.Noteverytimeisappropriateforthetruth:someseasonscallfortactfulsilence.ThedayyourfriendsdaughterdroppedoutofschoolisnotthedaytotellherthatyourdaughtermadetheHonorRoll.Noteverywayofcommunicationhonorsthetruth:sometimesthemannerinwhichsomethinggetsconveyedsubvertsreality,aswhenapreachersaysalltherightwordsaboutGodslovebutinatoneofvoiceandwithaconcludingstringof“oughts”(thereforeweoughttodothisandweoughttodothat)thatmakesyoufeelguiltierthanever.Somemotivesfortellingthetrutharesimplytoodestructivetodeservetobeclothedinrespectability;someexpressionsof“honesty”arereallyattemptstobelittleanotherperson.,8,LanguagePointaswhenapreachersaysalltherightwordsaboutGodslovebutinatoneofvoiceandwithaconcludingstringof“oughts”(thereforeweoughttodothisandweoughttodothat)thatmakesyoufeelguiltierthanever.Itisalongclauseafterthemainsentence,whichcontainsmanyadverbialsandoneattributiveclause,suchas“as”meaning“intheway”,followedbyanadverbialoftime“when”andanadverbialofmanner“inatoneofvoiceandwithaconcludingstringof”;and“thatmakesyoufeelguiltierthanever”isanattributiveclausemodifyingtheprecedent“ought”.,Chinese并不是所有的真相都是我可以说的：一个秘密或是一个会伤害到他人的这类真相我不会说。并不是每个人都有权知道真相：有些人会蓄意歪曲他们所听到的；有些人说话不分是非。并不是所有的时间都适合说真话：有时候需要机智地保持沉默。你朋友的女儿辍学的那天，不应该跟他说你的女儿上了优等生名单。并非每种交流的方式都能表达真相：有时候传递的方式会推翻事实，就如同一位牧师在讲上帝的爱时，他用的词是对的，但是在语气和总结一连串的“应该”时（因此我们应该做到这一点，我们应该做到那一点），他让你感到你比以往任何时候都内疚。有些说真相的动机太具破坏性，因此不值得推崇；一些“诚信”的表达，其实是轻视他人。,Whenitsthewrongtruth,orthewrongpersonorthewrongtimeorthewrongwayorthewrongreasonfortellingthetruth,awhiteliemayhavemoreintegritythanashallow,insensitive“honesty.”Butwhendoesawhiteliebegintoturnaslightshadeofgray?Whendoesitcrossoverandbecomeimmoral?,9,Chinese当它是个错误的真相，或错误的人或在错误的时间以错误的方式或错误的理由说了实话，那么善意的谎言也许比一个肤浅的、不敏感的“诚实”更诚实。但是，何时一个善意的谎言变得有些令人讨厌？它何时变成真理，何时变得不道德了呢？,Perhapsagoodtestwouldbetoask,“Doesthislieprotecttheotherpersonordoesitprotectme?”Letsadmitthatitsnoteasytotellthedifference.Onthesurface,aliemayappeartoprotectsomeoneelsefromunnecessarypain;oncloserexamination,however,itmayactuallyservetosavemefromuncomfortableexposure.,10,LanguagePointappear+adj./todosth.:Ifyousaythatsomethingappearstobethewayyoudescribeit,youarereportingwhatyoubelieveorwhatyouhavebeentold,thoughyoucannotbesureitistrue.e.g.ItappearsunlikelythattheUNwouldconsidermakingsuchamove.Theaircraftappearstohavecrashednearthefootofthemountain.,Chinese也许一个很好的测试方式是问“这谎言是保护其他人呢还是保护我自己？”。我们得承认，看出其中的差别不太容易。从表面上看，一个谎言可能会保护他人，使他免受不必要的痛苦；然而一经仔细辨别，它也许实际上是对我有利，不让我难堪地暴露于众。,Butjustbecauseitsdifficulttotellthedifferencebetweenanappropriateandamorallyunacceptableliedoesnotmeanweshouldgiveuptheattempttomakethedistinction.Life,afterall,isdifficult.Sowepresson,doingourbest,knowingwerenotGodandcountingonthegraceofGodwhenweblowit10.Thoughcommittedtohonesty,weknowthatsometimescourtesycallsforcreativelystretchingthetruth.,11,Note10whenweblowit:“blow”isusedinformally.Itmeanstomishandle,ruin;makeamessof.e.g.Withonestupidmistakeheblewthewholeproject.Itwasyourlastchanceandyoublewit!,LanguagePointThoughcommittedtohonesty:Theoriginalsentenceshouldbe“Thoughwearecommittedtohonesty”,sincethesubject“we”inthisclauseisinagreementwiththesubjectinthemainsentence,itcanbeomittedtogetherwiththeverb“be”.Andtheverb“be”comesfromthephrase“becommittedto+n.”,whichmeansyouareobligedtodosomething.e.g.Wearecommittedtomakingyourstayapleasantone.Theyarecommittedtoenablingpeoplewithlimitedmeanstohaveaccesstolegalservices.,Chinese但是，仅仅因为很难区分适当的和道德上不可接受的谎言并不意味着我们应该放弃努力。毕竟生活是艰难的。所以我们奋力前进，竭尽全力，我们知道我们不是上帝，当我们不能区分时，指望上帝的恩典。虽然我们承诺要诚实，但是我们知道，有时候恭谦需超越真相。,Still,whiletheoccasionalwhitelieisnecessary,weoughttogetembarrassedattellingit,knowingthatthismakessenseonlyasanoccasionalpractice.Forunlesswetellthetruthtooneanotherwellbenothingbutisolatedislands,lefttotakecareofourselvesinanuntrustworthyworld.Onlybyspeakingthetruthcanwebuildbridgestoothersbridgesthatweourselveswillmostcertainlyneedsomeday.,12,LanguagePointnothingbut,anythingbut:Youuse“nothingbut”infrontofanoun,aninfinitivewithout“to”,oran“-ing”formtomean“only”.e.g.Allthatmoneybroughtnothingbutsadness,miseryandtragedy.Itdidnothingbutmakeusridiculous.Youuse“anythingbut”toemphasizethatsomethingisnotthecase.e.g.TheboywillbeanythingbutquietonSaturdaynight.Hewasanythingbutafool.,Wewillbenothingbutisolatedislands,lefttotakecareofourselvesinauntrustworthyworld.,Whatwillbetheconsequenceifwedonttellthetruthtoeachother?,Chinese不过，虽然偶尔善意的谎言是必要的，但我们应该为说谎而感到难为情，知道只有偶尔说谎才情有可原。如果我们彼此不讲真话，我们将只能是孤岛，在一个不可信赖的世界中自己保护自己。只有讲实话，我们才能与他人建立起桥梁我们自己肯定会在将来的某一天需要的桥梁。,ReadingFocus-TextA,NewWordsandExpressions,（标注*的为四级词汇；标注的为六级词汇,其余为超纲词汇。）,tex