2018高考英语大一轮复习语法部分12虚拟语气课件

,虚拟语气,虚拟条件句与主语的谓语动词与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反，从句用一般过去式(be用were；与将来可能事实相反时还可用wereto/should+动词原形)，主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/could/mighthave+过去分词。,熟读深思,Mydeskmate,Mary,treatsmeasifshewere1mysister.Sheisnicebutfat.Ifshewerenotsofat,shewouldlook2likeasupermodel.Lastyear,adoctoradvisedthatshe(should)eat3morevegetablesandfruits.Healsomadeasuggestionthatshe(should)workout4regularly.Besides,heinsistedthatshe(should)walk5toschool.Ifshehadfollowedthedoctorsadvice,shewouldnotbesofatnow6.Inotherwords,ifthedoctorhadpersuadedhertodoso,shewouldnothavebecome7overweight.,Thismorning,Marysmotherboughtheranewdress.Itwasreallynice.Butaftershetriediton,shecouldnthelpshouting,“IfonlyIwere8alittlethinner!HowIwishIhadnteaten9somuchjunkfoodbefore!”WereIMary,Iwouldmake10aweightlossplan.IfIbecameoverweightinthefuture,Iwoulddo11sportseveryday.Nowitishightimeshechanged12herlifestyle.Withoutahealthylifestyle,shewouldntbe13abletoloseweight.Iwouldrathershewent14swimmingwithme,butsheinsiststhatwatersportsare15notsuitableforher.Soitisnecessarythatshe(should)walk16toschool.,汉语译文：我的同桌玛丽对我像亲姐妹一样。她人长得漂亮，就是有点胖。要不然，她就是一个超级模特了。去年，医生建议她多吃蔬菜和水果，同时要经常锻炼，并让她坚持步行上学。如果她当时听了医生的建议，现在也不至于这么胖了。也就是说，假如医生说服了她减肥，她就不会太胖。,今天上午，玛丽的妈妈给她买了一条新裙子。那裙子真是漂亮。可是，玛丽试穿后，忍不住叫了起来：“我多希望我瘦一点点啊！要是当初我没有吃那么多的垃圾食品该多好啊！”如果我是玛丽，我会制定一个减肥计划。要是将来我发胖了，我一定会每天做运动。现在，该是玛丽改变她的生活方式的时候了。没有健康的生活方式，她是不可能减肥成功的。我倒是宁愿她和我一起去游泳。可是她坚持认为水上运动不适合她。因此，她有必要步行上学了。,熟读深思,1.在asif/asthough,evenif/eventhough引导的状语从句或表语从句中，与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。2.表示与现在事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语动词用一般过去式，(be一般用were)，主句的谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形。,3.5.在insist,suggest,advise,order,command,propose,demand,require,request等后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中的should可以省略。在suggestion,advice,order,command,demand,requirement,request等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中的should可以省略。,6.错综条件句：有时if从句中的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据他们表示的时间加以调整。本句的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相同。,7.表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用过去完成时，即“had过去分词”，主句用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。89.在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句和Ifonly（但愿）引出的句子中,需用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，从句或ifonly后的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句或ifonly后的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时。10.如果if从句中含有were,had或should,可将if省略，然后将were,had或should提前至主语前。即从句可用半倒装。,11.表示与将来事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用一般过去式，或用“wereto/should+动词原形”，主句用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。12.在Itis(high)timethat后的从句中，谓语动词用“should(不能省略)+动词原形”或一般过去时都可以。13.含蓄条件从句：用连词otherwise,or，but或用介词butfor,without等暗示前面的条件。与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。其中介词butfor,without表示的虚拟语气，可和if引导的假设条件状语从句替换。,14.would(had)rather,wouldsooner用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。15.动词insist表“坚持认为，坚持说,坚持某种说法”；suggest表“暗示，表明”时，后面从句不用虚拟语气。16.在itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,surprising)that引导的主语从句中，主语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。,倒装与高考,1.我们在做语法填空题时，一旦判断所给动词在句中作为谓语后，就考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。2.短文改错中，可能出现动词形式的错误。,1.IfI_(be)you,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.1.与现在事实相反。2.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,you_(be)finenow.2.与现在事实相反。,were,wouldbe,一、单句填空,灵活运用,3.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_(score)agoal.3.与过去事实相反。4.IfI_(have)amilliondollars,Iwouldfirstdonatesomeofthemoneytopoorchildreninremotemountainousareas.4.与现在事实相反。,wouldhavescored,had,5.Thedoctororderedthatshe_(stay)inbedforafewdays.,(should)stay,6.Itisveryimportantthatyou_(master)theskillsofcomputer.7.Englishteachersgiveadvicethatwe_(make)gooduseofeverychancetospeakEnglish.,(should)make,8.Itishightimethatwe_(take)somemeasurestoprotectthewildanimals.,9.HowIwisheveryfamily_(have)alargehousewithabeautifulgarden！,had,10.Janespalefacesuggestedthatshe_(be)ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_(have)amedicalexamination.,shouldhave,was,二、语篇填空,TomandPeteraretwins.Theylookasifthey1_(be)thesameperson.Boththetwoboysaresmart,butTomishard-workingwhilePeterislazy.Tomalwayswinsthefirstplaceintheexams,whichsuggeststhathe2_(be)hard-working.Petercoulddobetter,3_hedoesntwanttoworkhard.PeoplebelieveifPeter4_(work)ashardasTom,hewoulddoaswellashisbrotherinhisstudy.,were,is,but,worked,Athome,theirparentsmakeasuggestionthatthey5_(do)thedishesinturnandinsistthatthey6_(finish)theirhomeworkbeforeplayingcomputergames.ButPeterinsiststhatit7_(be)alsoOKtoplaygamesfirstaslongashecanhandinhishomeworkintime.Theirmothergivesinintheend.Oneday,whendoinghishomework,Tomfoundhemadeaseriousmistake.So,heputtheexercise-bookasideandusedanotherone.,shoulddo,shouldfinish,is,WhenPeterfoundthepreviousexercise-book,hestruckoutTomsnameandsignedhisnameonitscoverhappily,andhandeditinashisownhomeworkthenextday.WhentheteachertoldthetruthtothetwinsMother,shekeptsilentfirstbutherexpressionsuggestedthatshe8_(be)angry.Later,sheshoutedatPeter:“HowIwishyou9_(be)asdiligentasyourbrother!NowitstimethatI10_(give)youagoodlesson.,was,were,gave,AndIinsistthatyou11_(notplay)anycomputergamesforawholemonthtoo.RemembertodoasIaskyouto,12_,youwouldbeforbiddentotouchthecomputerforayear!”“Oh,no!Mom.13_computerforsuchalongtime,Iwoulddie.Iwouldratheryou14_(ask)metodothedishesforamonthalone.”Peterwasupset.“Ifyou15_(finish)yourhomeworkontimeyesterday,youwouldntbepunishednow.”saidthemother.,shouldnotplay,or/otherwise,without,asked,hadfinished,汤姆和彼特虽然长得很像且都很聪明,但学习上却一勤一懒,各不相同,甚至有一次还因彼特偷懒,投机取巧,闹出了笑话。1.were因asif引导的表语从句是与现在事实相反的情况,从句谓语用一般过去时,be一般用were。2.is因suggests表示“表明，说明”，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。3.but因“本来可以做得更好”与“不愿努力学”是转折关系。4.worked因if表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用一般过去时。5.shoulddo在表示“建议”的suggestion后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用shoulddo。,6.shouldfinish在insist表示“坚决要求”时,其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。7.is该句的insists表示“坚持认为”，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。8.was因suggested作“表明，说明”解，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。9.were在表示愿望的wish后的宾语从句，其宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在的愿望。10.gave或shouldgive在Itstimethat句型的that从句中，谓语动词用一般过去式或“should+动词原形”。,11.shouldnotplay句中insist表示“坚决要求”，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”。12.or/otherwise由后面句中的谓语wouldbe可知,前面用or或otherwise(否则)来表示虚拟条件。13.Without由后面的woulddie可知，填without表示虚拟条件。14.asked在wouldrather后的从句中，用一般过去时表示现在或将来。15.hadfinished表示与过去事实相反的情况，虚拟条件句的谓语用过去完成时。,三、单句改错,1.HowIwishthereare28hoursadaysothatIhadmoretimeforfun.arewere与现在事实相反或不可能实现的愿望，故用一般过去时。2.Hadheworkedhardyearsago,hewouldbecomeveryrichtoday.在become前加have前句相当于Ifhehadworkedhardyearsago,与过去事实相反的假设,主句谓语要用wouldhavedone。句意：如果他几年前就努力工作，他现在也已经变得富有了。,3.IfIwereaboyagain,Iwillrememberthatagoodskaternevertriestoskateintwodirectionsatonce.willwould虚拟条件句是与现在事实相反的情况，主句谓语用woulddo。4.ButthefactthatChinaarealsoaffectedbytheglobaleconomiccrisis,wewouldhavefewerworkersnow.在But后加for因butfor(如果没有，要不是)是固定短语，常与虚拟语