Chapter_2_英美文化之美国概况

UncleSam,anationalpersonificationoftheUnitedStates.aseriouselderlymanwithwhitehairandagoatee,dressedinclothingthatrecallsthedesignelementsoftheflagoftheUnitedStatesforexample,atophatwithredandwhitestripesandwhitestarsonablueband,andredandwhitetrousers.,UncleSam,Warof1812,SamuelWilson.UncleSamputabig“U.S”-ontheboxesofmeat。Asajoke,aworkersaidthattheselettersstoodforthenameUncleSam.Sometimelater,peoplecalledallthingsthatcamefromthegovernment“UncleSams”.ThenUncleSambecameanicknamefortheUnitedStatesgovernment.,WhatisAmerican?,Amixtureofnationality,WhatisAmerican?,Meltingpot大熔炉,WhatisAmerican?,Stewingpot大炖锅,WhatisAmerican?,Saladbowl大拼盘,WhiteHouse（Washington),WhiteHouse,OfficialhomeandprincipalworkplaceofthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thehouseisbuiltofwhite-paintedsandstone.Itislocatedat1600PennsylvaniaAvenueNWinWashington,D.C.AstheofficeoftheU.S.President,theterm“WhiteHouse”isusedasametonymforaU.S.presidentsadministration.,TheEmpireStateBuilding,TheEmpireStateBuilding,TheEmpireStateBuildingisa102-storycontemporarybuildinginNewYorkCity,declaredbytheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineerstobeoneoftheSevenWondersoftheModernWorld.DesignedbyShreve,LambandHarmon,itwasfinishedin1931.SincetheSeptember11thattacks,itisagainthetallestbuildinginNewYorkCity.,WorldTradeCenter,WTCTwinTowersacomplexofsevenbuildingsinLowerManhattan,NewYork.110-storytwintowersAlloftheoriginalbuildingsinthecomplexweredestroyedintheSeptember11,2001attacks.,LincolnMemorial(Washington),aUnitedStatesPresidentialMemorialbuilttohonor16thPresidentAbrahamLincoln.ThebuildingisintheformofaGreektempleandcontainsalargeseatedsculptureofAbrahamLincolnandinscriptionsoftwowell-knownspeechesbyLincoln.,LincolnMemorial(Washington),36columns:36states(1865)48flowers48states(1922),LincolnMemorial(Washington),InthistempleasintheheartsofthepeopleforwhomhesavedtheUnionthememoryofAbrahamLincolnisenshrinedforever.,LincolnMemorial(Washington),Thememorialhasbeenthesiteofmanyfamousspeeches,includingMartinLutherKingsIHaveaDreamspeech.,WashingtonMonument(Washington),aPresidentialMemorialconstructedforGeorgeWashington.standing555feet(169.29m)inheightandmadeofmarble,granite,andsandstone.OppositetoLincolnMemorial,Capitol（国会大厦）,TheCapitolislocatedonCapitolHillattheeastendoftheMall.IthashousedthemeetingchambersoftheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate。,Wallstreet(华尔街）,anarrowstreetinlowerManhattaninNewYorkCity.ConsideredtobethehistoricalheartoftheFinancialDistrict.ThephraseWallStreetisalsousedasametonymtorefertoAmericanfinancialmarketsandfinancialinstitutionsasawhole.,UnitedNationsHeadquarters,adistinctivecomplexinNewYorkCitythathasservedastheheadquartersoftheUnitedNationssinceitscompletionin1950.,ChinaTown,asectionofanurbanareaassociatedwithalargenumberofChinesewithinacityoutsidethemajority-ChinesecountriesofChina,Taiwan,andSingapore.,DeadValley（死亡谷）,StatueofLiberty,StatueofLiberty,acopperstatuegiventotheUnitedStatesbyFrancein1885,standingatLibertyIslandinthemouthoftheHudsonRiverinNewYorkHarbor.ThesculptorwasFredericAugustaBartholdi.GustaveEiffel,thedesigneroftheEiffelTower,engineeredtheinternalstructure.oneofthemostrecognizableiconsoftheU.S.worldwide,and,inamoregeneralsense,representslibertyandescapefromoppression.,Disneyland,Disneyland,Disneyland,Hollywood,Dollars,Government,TheformoftheUSgovernmentisbasedonthreemainprinciplesfederalism,theseparationofpowersandrespectfortheConstitutionandtheruleoflaw.Thegovernmentofeachleveliscomposedofthreeelements,theexecutive,thelegislativeandthejudicial,andthethreeelementsarealsocheckedandbalancedbyeachother.,Congress,HouseofRepresentativesSenateOfficers:TheSpeakerofPresidentoftheHousetheSenate(VicePresidentoftheUnitedStates),Congress,ThelegislativebranchisCongress,thelaw-makingandthesupremelegislativebodyofthenation.Itismadeupoftwohouses:theSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives.,TheSenate,TheSenateistheupperhouseofCongress.TheConstitutionguaranteeseachstatetwosenators.Asenatormustbeatleast30yearsold,acitizenoftheUnitedStatesforatleast9years,andaninhabitantofthestateherepresentsatthetimeofelection.TheVice-presidentoftheUnitedStatesservesaspresidentoftheSenate.,HouseofRepresentatives,HouseofRepresentativesisthelowerhouseofthelegislature,representingthepeople.Representativesareappointedaccordingtothepopulation,witheachstatehavingatleastone.Nowithas435inall.Representativesmustbeatleast25yearsold,aUScitizenforatleast7yearsandatelectiontimeaninhabitantofthestatefromwhichheischosen.,Presidency,ThePresident,asthechiefexecutive,isthemostimportantfigureofthegovernment.AccordingtotheConstitutionthePresidentshouldbeacitizenbornintheU.S.territoryandisatleast35yearsold.ThePresidenthasenormouspower.,Presidents,BillClinton,Nixon,Impeachment,UndertheUSConstitution,Presidentmayberemovedfromofficeifheisimpeachedandfoundguiltyofhighcrimesorotherproperacts.TheHouseofRepresentatives,uponsufficientevidence,bringsabillofimpeachmentapprovedby2/3ofitsmembership.ThencomesatrialintheSenatetheupperhouseoflegislature.ThePresidentistriedforhiscrimesbytheHouse,withtheChiefJusticeasthejudge,andthesenatorsasthejury.If2/3oftheSenatevotethatthePresidentisguilty,heisremovedfromoffice,AmericaMusic,1.Thefirstmusicischurchmusic.2.Themusicians(immigrants)bringmusic.3.Atthebeginningof20thcentury,akindofmusicwhich,toagreatextent,isarepresentativeofAmericanmusicrapidlyattractedmorepeople,thatisjazzmusic.JazzmusicisperhapsAmericasgreatestcontributiontotheworldofpopmusic.ItdevelopedoutofthemusicoftheearlyAmericannegroeswhoworkedontheplantationsandsangwhiletheywerelaboring.,Blues,4.BluesisalsotypicalAmerican,amusicofstrongrhythm,whichwasoriginallysungbythenegroesinthesouthernstatesofAmerica.Theblues,evolvingwithinalargerculturethatregardsitasinferior,isanespeciallycourageousexpression.Theblues,thechronicleofpersonalcatastropheexpressedlyricallyandimpulsetokeepthepainfuldet