高一英语 unit4 语法 定语从句 讲解加练习

AttributiveClause,（定语从句）,定语从句,定语从句在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系词充当从句的成分。,定语从句,限定性定语从句,非限定性定语从句,引导词,关系代词：,关系副词:,that,which,who,whom,whose,as,when,where,why,限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,1）限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。起限定作用。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。,Eg:TheaccidenthappenedonthedaywhenIlostmyjob.,Eg:IspentawholeholidaywithJohn,whowasveryfriendlyandhelpful.,2)非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。,关系代词和关系副词的作用,指代作用,连接句子的作用,ThattallmanisTomsfatherandheworksinashoefactory.,ThattallmanisTomsfather,_worksinashoefactory.,who,that,宾语,(2)指物时，that与which可以互换，但要注意在特定情况下that与which的选用。,关系代词的用法：1.that和which(1)that,which都可以指物，还可以指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作_时可以省略。,TrueorfalseAllwhichyouneedtodoistopressthebutton.Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.3.ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveread.,that,4.ThisistheverybookwhichIwanttolookfor.5.Thelastplacethatwevisitedwasthechemicalworks.6.Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolswhichtheyhadvisited.,that,that,只用that的情况:,1.先行词为不定代词或有不定代词修饰的如:everything,anything,all,much,nothing,any等.,2.先行词被最高级修饰的.,3.先行词被theonly,thevery,theright修饰的,4.先行词既包括人又包括物时.,(6)主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,一般用that引导定语从句(而不用who,whom,which)。,(5)that还可以在定语从句中作表语，(而which,who,whom,whose不能）that此时可以省略。,Sheisnolongerthegirl_sheusedtobe.,that,Whichisthebook_youneed?,that,用which的情况：,1.用于非限定定语从句中.2.用于介词后,Ihaverentahouse,whichisverybig.Iwanttorentahousewhich/thatisverybig.,Thechaironwhichheissittingismadeofplastics.Thechair(which/that)heissittingonismadeofplastics.,2.who和whom,(1)who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。,(2)whom指人，是宾格，在定语从句中只能作宾语。,(3)who不可以用在介词后,而whom可以。,Doyouknowtheman_Italkedtojustnow.,who/whom/that/-,Doyouknowthemanto_Italkedtojustnow.,whom,Thenumberofpeople_losthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.,who/that,3.whose的用法,(1)whose即可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。,(2)whose指物时可以与ofwhich互换。,whose+n.=,the+n.+ofwhich,ofwhich+the+n.,4.as的用法,as在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。一般用在thesameas，asmany(much)as或suchas结构中。,Suchteachersasheknowareallkindtohim.Iwanttobuythesamepenasyouareusing.Dontbuysuchbooksaswilldoyouharm.,(1)意思不同。as表示“正如那样”,which表示“这一点”“这件事”。,(2)as所引导的从句可放在主句前或主句后；而which所引导的从句只可放在主句后。,(3)as所引导的从句中，动词常用know,see,expect,pointout,say,tell,report等。,5.as和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句，指代主句一句话的内容，这时它们的区别是:,Asweknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Asisknown,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Hisdogdied,whichmadehimunhappy.,II.关系副词when,where,why的用法,(1)when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。,(2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。,(3)why的先行词只有reason，why在从句中作原因状语。,关系副词=,介词+关系代词,1.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIreachedhere.2.Thisistheschoolwhere/atwhichIusedtoteach.,III使用定语从句时应注意的问题,1.在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词必须充当句子成分。,2.关系代词的人称，性，数要和先行词保持一致，在从句中作主语时，注意其后的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。,I,whoamastudent,studyveryhard.,Heisoneofthestudentswhobelieveit.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhobelievesit.,4.theway（方式，方法）作先行词时，关系代词用that/inwhich/不填。,3.在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可以省略；但在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不可以省略。,5.time作先行词，用when或that引导定语从句均可，而且that常常可以省略。,eg.Thelasttime(that)IsawherwasafinemorninginMay.,Exercises:I.FillintheblanksTheman_youmetyesterdayisafriendofmine.2.Didyouseetheletter_wasputonyourtable?3.Herecomestheman_Englishisexcellent.,whom/who/that,which/that,whose,4.Thatistheday_Iwasborn.5.Idontknowthereason_hewaslate.6.Whoisthegirl_isstandingatthedoor?7.Thatisthebook_thecoverisblue.8.Hewasproud,_Idislikeverymuch.,When/onwhich,why/forwhich,that,ofwhich,which,II.ChoosethebestanswersSheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.(NMET91)A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.(92)A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom,B,D,3.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpected.(NMET94)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it4.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.(NMET96)A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when,B,A,5.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_personallyIdoubtverymuch.(NMET1999)A.itB.thatC.whenD.which6.Thisistheway_Iamthinkingoftodoit.A.howB.withwhichC.bywhichD.,D,D,7.Heinvitedtenfriendstohishome;_areforeigners.A.sixofwhomB.thesixofwhomC.sixofthemD.thesixofthem8.Heinvitedtenfriendstohishome,_areforeigners.A.sixofwhomB.thesixofwhomC.sixofthemD.thesixofthem,C,A,9.Myhometownisnotthesame_itusedtobetenyearsago.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which10.Isthisthefactory_youwork?A.whichB.inthatC.whereD.what11.Isthisthefactory_youvisited?A.whichB.inthatC.whereD.what,B,C,A,12.Isthismuseum_youvisitedlastweek?/B.whichC.theoneD.where13.Isthisthemuseum_youvisitedlastweek?/B.whatC.theoneD.where,C,A,14._isknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.It15._isknowntoallthatTaiwanispartofChina.A.As