高中英语定语从句讲解

语法复习,一.英语句子从结构上看有三种类型：1.简单句（SimpleSentence)2.并列句（CompoundSentence)3.复合句（ComplexSentence),定语从句,(1)简单句的五大基本句型：主语+连系动词+表语主语及物动词宾语主语不及物动词状语主语及物动词间宾直宾主语及物动词宾语宾补,Herfaceturnedredwithanger.,Youcanconsidermysuggestion.,Thiskindofclothsellswell.,Heexplainedthesentencetous.,Hefoundtheworkhalfdone.,（2）并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。其结构是：简单句+等立连词+简单句,（3）复合句：由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立。根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。,HehasstudiedEnglishforonlyoneyear,buthecanreadandwritenow./Keeponandyouwillmakeprogress.,定语：,用于修饰名词或代词,Heisaphysicsteacher.Pleaseshowmeanotherticket.AustraliaisanEnglish-speakingcountry.,是一个成份，由一个句子充当某个成份,从句：,三.定语从句：,由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置：,在名词或代词后,先行词：被定语从句修饰的词,引导词：,引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词,引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,关系代词和关系副词的作用,关系代词和关系副词如何区别？,1.Thereason_hemissedthespeechisthatheforgotthetime.2.Thereason_hegaveussoundedreasonable.3.Illneverforgettheday_wespenttogetherinParis.4.Illremembertheday_westayedtogetheratthattime.5.Thisisthefactory_wevisitedlastyear.6.Thisisthehouse_Lincolnoncelived.,Remember:引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。,why,thatwhich,thatwhich,when,thatwhich,where,7.(1)Hestilllivesintheroom_windowfacestothesouth.(2)Hestilllivesintheroom_isinthenorthofthecity.,whose,which,8.(1)Iwillneverforgetthedays_westudiedtogether.(2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.,when,that,9.(1)Thereason_hedidntcomewasthathewasill.(2)Thereason_heexplainedisnottrue.,why,that,10.(1)Wewillmeetatthesameplace_wemetlastmonth.(2)Wewillmeetatthesameplace_wevisitedlastmonth.,where,that,who,that（先行词为人）有区别吗？,1.用who不用that的情况：,(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。,HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractisemore.,2.用that不用who的情况：,(1)当先行词既是人又是物。(2)当句子出现一个who等。（3）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。,HetalkedalotaboutthethingsandpersonsthathehadrememberedthereWhoisthemanthatspoketoyoujustnow?Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.,which,that(先行词为物）有区别吗？,1.只用that不用which的情况：,(1)先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代词,（2）先行词既是人又是物。,（3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。,（4）先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,any,every,who,all等修饰时。,Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.,Hespokeofthethingsandpersonsthathehadseenabroad.,ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.,Whothathassuchahomedoesntloveit?,（5）关系代词在从句中作表语时,Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.,ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.,只能用which的情况:,2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which,(1)Themachine,whichIhavelookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.(2)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(3)Hesawafilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.(4)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.,1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物),Remember:Which在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。,介词+关系代词,先行词为人,关系代词用whom;先行词为物,关系代词用which.关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。如介词放在句尾，引导词可用that或who,而且可省去。关系代词和关系副词可转换：where,when,why=介词+which,1.Thisisthereason_helefthishometown.(=why)2.Illneverforgettheday_westayedtogether.(=when)3.Thisisthegirl_Ilearnedthenews.4.Theperson_IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.5.Illshowyouastore_youmaybuyallthatyouneed.(=where)6.Idontliketheway_youlaughedather.(=that;),forwhich,onwhich,fromwhom,towhom,inwhich,inwhich,基础巩固,(Correctmistakes),1.Doyoulikethebikeyourfriendgaveittoyou?2.Thisistheveryplacewherewevisitedmanyyearsago.3.Therearetenstudentsareplayingbasketballontheplayground.4.EnglishisasubjectIaminterested.5.CanyoushowmethebookwhichhavebeentranslatedintoEnglishbySmith?6.ThereisnotasinglepersoninthestreetwhomIcanturnforhelp.,（多词）,（错用引导词）,（漏引导词）,（漏介词）,（主谓不一致）,三.非限制性定语从句,定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句要注意以下几点：（举例说明）,1.Hismother,whomheloveddearly,wentabroad.2.Thismachine,whichhehaslookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.3.Aqiao,whoseparentshaddied,hadtomakealivingbyherself.4.Thefamily,wholivedupstairs,arefondofmusic.,说明：非限制性定语不能用that引导；作宾语用的关系代词不能省；要用逗号隔开。,难点解析：,关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：,1.介词+whomwhich,Thewomangeneralstillrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy.,2.介词短语+whichwhom,Thefishermanlivedinasmallhouseinfrontofwhichliesawell.,3.不定代词或数词+whichwhom,Therearemanybookshere,noneofwhichbelongstome.,Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.,4.名词+ofwhich,Shementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.,=shejoinedthearmyonthatday,=andawellliesinfrontofit.,=andnoneofthembelongstome.,=andoneofthemisLuxin,=andIhaveforgottenthetitleofit,做做试试：,1.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_hadnotbeencleanedforatleastoneyear.2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.3.Chinahasalotofislands,thelargest_isTaiwan.4.Theoldladyhadonesonandtwodaughters,_treatedherwell,_madeherverysad.5.Therearefortystudentsinourclass,_20aregirls;therestareboys.,which,to,whom,of,which,none,of,whom,which,of,whom,你知道吗?,As也可以用来引导定语从句.,1.Heisnotsuchamanasonlythinkofhimself.2.IshouldliketousethesamepenasIusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.,当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时,关系代词用as.As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,请讨论：as,which引导非限制性定语从句有什么不同吗？,1.which的先行词可以是名词，as不可。(1)Themeeting,whichwasheldinthepark,wasagreatsuccess.(2)Allthebooks,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.,2.which和as都可代替整个句子的意思，但which引导的从句不放句首。(1)Crusosdogbecameillanddied,whichmadehimverylonely.(2)Asweexpected,Ourfootballteamlostthematchagain.,3.as引导的从句有(正如),(就象),(由而知）等含义.(1)TaiwanisapartofChina,asisknowntousall.(2)Sheisverycareful,asherworkshows.(3)Theladyisverylearned,asissaidinthebook.,高考命题导向：1._isknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(NMET2001)A.untilB.AsC.ThatD.What2.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.NMET2001)A.untilB.whichC.whenD.where3.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.(NMET2000)A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what4.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_personallyIdoubtverymuch.(NMET99)A.itB.thatC.whenD.which,As,C,B,D,5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.(NMET96)A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.Theweatherturnedtobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.(NMET94)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it7.Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.(NMET92)A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom8.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.(NMET90)A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which,B,B,D,D,定语从句和其它句型的转换,1.定语从句和非谓语动词：(1)TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammeswhicharebroadcastonTVortheradioinChina.-TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammes_onTVortheradioinChina.(2)AtonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeoplewhowerewaitingoutsidetheCAACoffices.-Atonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeople_outsidetheCAACoffices.,分析基本规律：从句是主动形式，用现在分词;从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；,broadcast,waiting,2.定语从句和并列句1.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesofthetreeswereblackwithdisease.-Isawsometrees,theleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.2.Theprofessorisanordinary-lookinglittleman,onthenoseof_thereisapairofglasses3.TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)finallyopeneditsdoortoChinaonNovember10,_a15-yearwait.A.toendB.endedC.endingD.ends,分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键,which,whom,C,3.定语从句和状语从句(1)Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanliftit.Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanlift.(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer_hecaneasilyfindit.(=where)Pleaseputtheletter_hecaneasilyfindit.(3)Pleaseputtheletterinwhichhecaneasilyfindit.这句子正确吗？,分析：（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。,that,as,inwhich,where,4.定语从句和名词性从句(1)Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(=what)(2)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(=what)(3