高中英语语法复习：定语从句中应注意的问题

,1.Themanismyteacher.2.Thisisthebook3.Themanismybrother.4.Iwillrememberthethings5.Theroomismine.6.Thegirlisinmyschool.7.Thisisthesamecoat.8.Dontreadsuchbookshedidntcome.10.Istillremembertheday11.Theschoolisverybeautiful.,whoistalkingtomymother,whichisaboutmedicine,whomIspoketojustnow,whichIsawintheschool,whosewindowfacesthestreet,whosefatherworksabroad,asIbought,asarenotinteresting,Asweexpected,whenImether.,whereheworks,定语从句,定语从句（一）1.定语从句:用来修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句.它一般都跟在所修饰的名词或代词的后面,被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词.2.引导词:关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as（主宾表）关系副词:when,where,why（状）(whose作定语;whom作宾语),人,人,物,人/物,定语从句（二）,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that,不用which。,(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。,Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.,(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。,Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.,(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。,ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.,（5）先行词既有人，又有物，引导词只用that,Theschoolandstudentsthathevisitedmadeadeep,impression(印象)onhim.,(6)Who/Which/What.之后引导词用that,不用who或which,Whoistheladythatistalkingtoourteacher?,Whichisthebookthatyouwanttoread?,All_helearnedfromtheteachersisvaluable.Youcanfindalltheinformation_youneedontheInternet.Hetoldmeeverything_heheardatthemeeting.Sydneyisthefirstplace_IvisitedinAustralia.Thisisthemostamusing(惊讶的)story_Ihaveread.Theonlyinformation_Igotishisaddress.Thisistheverymoment_candecideyourfuture.Illneverforgetthebeautifulvillageandthekindvillagers_Ivisitedthesummerholiday.Whoistheman_isstandingbythewindow?,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,1.非限制性定语从句Hecamelateagain,whichmademeangry.2.关系词前有介词ThisistheroominwhichChairmanoncelived.3.一个句子中含有两个定从，一个关系代词用that,另一个用whichLetmeshowyouthebookthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.,定语从句（三）只用which,不用that,1.先行词one,ones,anyone,指代人ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshard.2.TherebeThereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou3.先行词在被分割的定语从句中ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdaywhocanspeakChinesewell4.一个句子中两个定从，一个用that,另一个whoThemanthatwaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodest.,定语从句（四）修饰人只用who,不用that,定语从句（五）,引导词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的单复数与所修饰的先行词保持一致。Thisisthegirlwho_(practise)thepianoeveryday.Hehasadaughterwho_(be)verypretty.Hehadtwodaughterswho_(be)beautiful.,practises,is,were,1.Oneof结构中：Tomisoneoftheboyswhowerelate.Tomisthe(only/theonly)oftheboyswhowaslate.2.I,who_fondofmusic,decidetomajorinmusicatcollege.,am,定语从句（六）,引导词在从句中做宾语，可以省略。Yourfriend(_studiesinBeijingUniversity)cametoseeyouyesterday.Heistheman(_youhavebeenwaitingfor.)Thenecklace(_Maryborrowedfromherfriend)wasmadeofglass.Thebook(thatIborroweditfromthelibrary)iswellwritten.ThewatchIgaveittoherworkswell.,who/that,who/that/whom/,which/that/,/,/,定语从句（七）,关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以把从句中介词提前，放在先行词与关系代词之间，当介词提前，关系代词代指人仅用whom，代指物仅用whichTheman_youtalkedtoisafamousactor.Themanto_youtalkedisafamousactor.Thebook_Iheardaboutwaswrittentenyearsago.Thebookabout_Iheardwaswrittentenyearsago.,whom/who/that/-,whom,which/that/-,which,1.Doyouknowthestudent_?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk2.Canyoutellmethebook_theotherday?A.youtalkedaboutB.aboutthatyoutalkedC.thatyoutalkedD.whichyoutalked,C,A,定语从句（八）,当先行词为时间、地点名词，且从句中缺少时间、地点状语，用关系副词when,where引导从句。当先行词为reason,且从句中缺少原因状语，用关系副词why引导从句,Istillremembertheday_IfirstcametoJixi.,when,Illneverforgetthetime_weworkedonthefarm.,when,Thisisthehouse_welivedlastyear.,where,Thefactory_hisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.,where,Thiswasthereason_Iwaslate.,why,Tellthedifferencebetweenthem.Thisisthefactory(_makesshoes.)Thisisthefactory(_hisfatherworks.)Thisisthefactory(_wevisitedyesterday.)Theday(_Iwillneverforget)isJanuary30th.Icannotforgettheday(_Ijoinedtheparty).#Pleasetellmethereason(_youarelate.)Hehastoldmethereason(_canexplainhisabsence(缺席)fromthemeeting.)Thereason(_hetoldus)wasnottrue.#,which/that,where,which/that/-,which/that/-,when,why,which/that,which/that/-,定语从句（九）,1.关系副词when和where引导的定语从句中，when和where可以用介词+which来代替，介词要根据与先行词的关系来确定。,Hewillremembertheyears_hestudiedatcollege.,when,/inwhich,Thisisthefarm_myfatherusedtowork.,where,/onwhich,2.关系副词why引导的定语从句中,why可以用for+which来代替,Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate?,1.Isthisthehospital_heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inwhere2.Hisuncleworksinafactory_bicyclesaremade.AthatB.whichC.whereD.inthat3.TheSecondWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.AduringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich,C,C,A,定语从句（十）whose引导的定语从句,形式为:whose+名词,表示所属关系,即某人的.或某物的.,如.Doyouknowtheboywhosefatherisascientist?.Therearemanytreeswhoseleaveshavefallenbecauseofdisease.Thegirlwhosedressisredismysister.,表示所属关系时,介词用of,关系代词为which/whom,即the+名词+of+which/whom,可转换为whose+名词.Helivesinaroom,thewindowofwhichfaceswest.Helivesinaroom,ofwhichthewindowfaceswest.,whosewindowfaceswest.Thechildwassavedbyaman,thenameofwhomwasnotknown.Thechildwassavedbyaman,ofwhomthenamewasnotknown.,whosenamewasnotknown.,定语从句（十一）as引导的定语从句,as引导定语从句通常用在一些固定的句型中,如:thesame.as.,such.as.,asweexpected,asweallknow,asherealized,asisnecessaryasisoftenthecase,asweallcansee,asismentioned等.1.ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.2.Dontreadsuchbooksasarenotuseful.3.Asweexpected,hedidntcome.,1.Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.Asismentionedabove,smokingisbadforourhealth.3.Youhavemadethesamemistakeasyoumadelasttime.4.Asisknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheeartheverymonth.5.Asisoftenthecase,hewinsthefirstintheexamination.,Thepoliceman_reportedtheaccidentthinksitwasTomsfault.Theman_Isawtoldmetocomebacktoday.Thefriendwith_IwastravelingcouldspeakFrench.Thefilmisaboutaman_wifeisafilmstarThisisthepicture_mademethinkofmychildhood.Thehouse_windowsfacethesouthbelongstotheJohns.Theyaretalkingaboutthethingsandpersons_theysawontheisland.Myhometownisnotsuchaplace_itusedtobetenyearsago.Theboy_Ithoughtwashonestisactuallyaliar.(说谎者）,who/that,who/that/whom/-,whom,whose,which/that,whose,that,as,who/that,定语从句（十二）介词+关系代词(介词的选择),用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which(指物)和whom(指人)1.根据从句中动词短语来确定.Thisisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice.(payfor)ThemanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisTom.(shakehandswithsb),2.根据先行词确定.when,where,why=介词关系代词。.Illneverforgetthedayonwhich（=when）Ijoinedthearmy.Thefactoryinwhich（=where）hisfatherworksisfarawayfrommyhometown.Idontknowthereasonforwhich（why）hewaslateforschool.Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.,3.表示所属关系时,介词用of,即the+名词+of+which/whom,=whose+名词.Helivesinaroom,thewindowofwhichfaceswest.Helivesinaroom,ofwhichthewindowfaceswest.,whosewindowfaceswest.Thechildwassavedbyaman,thenameofwhomwasnotknown.Thechildwassavedbyaman,ofwhomthenamewasnotknown.,whosenamewasnotknown.,4.表示整体中的一部分或中最的，介词一般也用of。both/all/some/分数/名词+of+whom/whichTheGreenshavetwodaughters,bothofwhomarecollegestudents.Chinahasmanyrivers,thelongestofwhichistheYangtzeRiver.$5.据句子的意思确定介词。Thisisthepilot(飞行员)forwhomIboughtacamera.Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved,Peter_IplayedtennisonSundayswasfatterthanI.Hishouse_hepaid$10,000tenyearsagoisnowworth$30,000.Ilostmyglasses_Icouldseenothing.Thereisabigtree_somepeoplearesittingandchatting.Theycollectedmuchmoney_theycouldhelpthedisabled.YesterdaywevisitedtheCenturyPark_therearemanypigeons.Youcangetoffatthenextstop_youcanchangefortheNo.10bus.Thereistheplane_IcametoShanghai.,withwhom,forwhich,withoutwhich,underwhich,withwhich,inwhich,atwhich,onwhich,1.Hebuiltatelescope_hecouldstudythesky.AinwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit2.Ihavetwopens,_writeswell.A.NoneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem3.Thattree,thebranches(树枝)arealmostbare(秃的)，isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich4.Thetrain_hewastrvellingwas10minuteslate.A.whichB.onwhichC.forwhichD.onthat5.Thisisthefilm_Iaminterested.A.inwhichBatwhichC.inthatD.onwhich,C,B,B,B,A,1.Hebuiltatelescope_hecouldstudythesky.AinwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit2.Ihavetwopens,_writeswell.A.NoneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem3.Thattree,thebranches(树枝)arealmostbare(秃的)，isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich4.Thetrain_hewastrvellingwas10minuteslate.A.whichB.onwhichC.forwhichD.onthat5.Thisisthefilm_Iaminterested.A.inwhichBatwhichC.inthatD.onwhich,C,B,B,B,A,1.TheGreenshavetwodaughters,bothofwhomarecollegestudents.2.TheGreenshavetwodaughters,andbotho