Pub Talk and the King27s English-2014.ppt

PubTalkandtheKingsEnglish,ApieceofexpositionToexplainWhatisKingsEnglish?Whatispubtalk?,Typeofwriting,OldEnglish(500-1100AD)MiddleEnglish(1100-1500)Early-ModernEnglish(1500-1800)Late-ModernEnglish(1800-Present),HistoryofEnglish,TheIndo-EuropeanFamilyTree,汉藏语系Sino-Tibetanlanguagefamily,pubplaceforthesaleofbeerandother(alcoholicandnon-alcoholic)tobeconsumedonthepremises,Detailedstudyofthetext,pubtalk-conversationheldinthepublichouseTheKingsEnglish-standardEnglishAccordingtothetitle,whatdoyouthinkthepassageisgoingtotalkabout?,Detailedstudyofthetext,Conversationisthe.:Conversationhelpstopromoteanagreeablepleasantandinformalrelationshipamongpeople.,Detailedstudyofthetext,Anditisanactivityonlyofhuman-Andconversationisanactivitywhichisfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.,Detailedstudyofthetext,indulgein-enjoy;satisfyNazimadmenindulgedinthetortureoftheirvictimsbeforetheykilledthem.Weindulgeinanexpensivesupperaftertheconcert.,Detailedstudyofthetext,Meander:walk/proceedaimlesslyLeap:jumpacross-river1.flowslowlyturninghereandthere2.jumpover,Detailedstudyofthetext,Sparkleglow-fire1.smallflashes2.brightlight,Detailedstudyofthetext,meander/sparkle-smooth/peacefulleap/glow-exciting/heatedThewriterinthesamesentencecomparesconversationtoriverandfireaswell.mixedmetaphoracombinationoftwoormoreincompatiblemetaphors,whichproducesaridiculouseffect,Detailedstudyofthetext,Mixedmetaphor-moreexamples:,Iskimmedoverthebooktotastethetoneofit.(tonecannotbetasted)Atlasthefeltarayofhope.(raycannotbefelt),makeapoint-proveeffectivelytruthofonesstatementbyargumentorinsomeotherway.立论；证明观点ThisisthefirstpointIwanttomake.Inthiscasehemadeapoint.在这一点上，他发表了自己的观点。-Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptourideaorpointofview.,Detailedstudyofthetext,inaflash-inasecondInaflashherealizedthattheywerepresentsfromhispatients.Everythinghappenedinaflash.aflashinapan,Detailedstudyofthetext,Theyarereadytoletitgo.,-Theyarereadytogiveuptheopportunitytotelloneoftheirbestanecdotes(becausetheconversationhasmovedontoothersubjects),Para.2,Howtomakegoodconversation?,1.Anythingcanstartaconversation.Itdoesnotneedaspecialtopictostartaconversation.Andoncestarted,nooneknowshoworwhereitwillend.2.Whatspoilstheconversationispeoplewhothinktheyhavealotofimportantthingstosay.Hewhowouldhaveanythingimportanttosayspoilstheconversation.3.Conversationisnotformakingapoint.4.Thereisnowinninginconversation.Onedoesnottrytoprovehimselfrightandotherswrong.Wemayarguebutweneednttrytoconvinceothersthattheyarewrongandweareright.,Whatmakesgoodconversation?,ontherocks(infml,clich)-wreckedorruinedMrJonesbusinesswasontherocks.=Hisbusinesswaslosingmoneyandalmostruined.Marriageiscomparedtoashipwreckedontherocks.,Detailedstudyofthetext,Ancientsuperstition.Gettingoutofbedonthewrongsidewillbringyoubadluck.Thewrongsideisusuallytheleftside.Whenonegetoutofbedonthewrongside,itusuallymeansyoureinthebadmood.,Detailedstudyofthetext,delvedig,research;investigateIfyoudelveintosth,youtrytodiscovernewinformationaboutit.delveintobook专研书本delveintothepast调查过去的情况,Detailedstudyofthetext,1.Thewriterisonlyafrequenterofpubs.2.Bargoersarenotintimatefriends.Bar/church,theplaceforpeopletomakefriends.Barplaysanimportantroleinsocialactivitiesinthewesternworld.,Whydoesthewriterlikebarconversationsomuch?,a)colloquialexpressionontherocksgetoutofbedonthewrongsideb)literaryallusionThreemusketeersofDumas,Twokindsoflanguage,desultory-aimless,half-hearted(fml)散漫aconversation漫谈research漫无边际的研究awalk漫步,Detailedstudyofthetext,alchemy-theformofchemistrystudiedintheMiddleAges,tryingtodiscoverwaystochangeordinarymetalsintogold.炼金术aliteraryuse,thepowertodosth.sowellthatitseemsmysteriousandmagical魔力thealchemyofhisperformance,Detailedstudyofthetext,Specificexample.Atransitionalparagraph.Inordertoarousethereaderscuriositythewriterdidntmentionthetopicuntilthenextparagraph.,Para.4,1066-1204DeclineofEnglishNormaninvasion(1066),FrenchconquestandunificationofEngland;WilliaminfullcontrolofEnglandwithintenyearsFrenchmeninallhighofficeskingsofEnglandspokeFrench,tookFrenchwivesandlivedmostlyinFrance,French-speakingcourtlackofprestigeofEnglish;LatinwaswrittenlanguageoftheChurchandseculardocuments;ScandinavianstillspokenintheDanelaw,CelticlanguagesprevailedinWalesandScotlandEnglandduringthisperiodbecameabilingual/trilingualcountry.NormanFrenchwastheprestigelanguage,Englishthelanguageofeverydayfolk(andLatininreligionandschool).,Detailedstudyofthetext,onwingsusedsuggesthappinessbyreferencetothelightmovementorfeelingofflying飞一般地；飘飘然；轻松愉快地Shewenthomeonwings.Misfortunescomeonwingsanddepartonfoot.【谚】祸来如飞行，祸去似步行。,Detailedstudyofthetext,HistoryofEnglish.Thewriterheremakesdigressiontoshowconversationgoingonwithoutfocus.,Par8,outofsnobbery-(inorder)becausetheywanttoshowtheirsuperiortasteinmatteroffood.InEnglishrestaurants,esp,inhigh-classrestaurants,thenamesofthedishesonthemenusarequiteofteninFrench.ThisisdoneoutofsnobberybecauseintheWesterncountriespeopleconsiderFrenchfoodtobethebest.,Detailedstudyofthetext,Paraphrase：-ButeveniftheywrotetheirmenusinEnglish,theywouldhavetousemanywords,suchaspork,beef,veal,poultryetcderivedfromFrenchandwhichwerefirstintroducedintoEnglandbytheNormanrulers.,Detailedstudyofthetext,rift-fml,lit.-1.acrack,narrowopeningmadebybreaking裂缝Thesunappearedthroughariftintheclouds.-2.(fig)division裂痕Adeeprifthasstartedintheirfamilylife.,Detailedstudyofthetext,TheinfluenceoftheNormansonEnglish,1)Thesplit:beefandcow.2)Substitution:crimereplacedfirenandunclereplacedeam.3)Combination:theFrenchgentleandtheGermanicmanformedgentleman.4)Synonyms:theGermanicdoomandtheFrenchjudgment,orwishanddesire.,turnuponesnoseat-atrite(old)expressionshowcontemptfor/ignore/considersthnotgoodenoughMychildwouldntturnuphisnoseatfreshvegetables.,Detailedstudyofthetext,intotheshoesof-(infml)inthepositionofexperiencingwhatanotherhastoexperienceImgladImnotinhisshoejustnow.Stand/beputinonesshoes,Detailedstudyofthetext,Thenewrulingclassagainsthisownlanguage.-ThenewrulingclassbyusingFrenchinsteadofEnglishmadeitdifficultfortheEnglishtoacceptorabsorbthecultureoftherulers.,Detailedstudyofthetext,culturalhumiliation-TheEnglishmusthavefeltgreatlyhumiliatedwhentheywereforcedtolistentoanduseaforeignlanguageandtoacceptaforeignlanguage.Sotheytookuparmsagainstthisculturalhumiliation.TheleaderisHerewardtheWake.,Detailedstudyofthetext,HerewardtheWake觉醒者赫里沃德(11thcentury),semi-legendaryAnglo-Saxonpatriotandrebelleader.AleaderofAnglo-SaxonresistancetoWilliamIsnewNormanregime,heisthoughttohavebeenresponsibleforanuprisingcentredontheIsleofElyin1070.,Detailedstudyofthetext,heirstoit-itisnotclear1.theEnglishwespeakandwriteinAmericatodayalsoshowstheFrenchinfluenceofthattime.WehaveinheritedthisFrenchinfluenceontheEnglishlanguage.2.InAmericatodaywearefacingthesameproblemthatexistedinEngland900yearsago.Theproblemofhavingtwolanguagesexistingsidebyside.(EnglishandSpanish),Detailedstudyofthetext,Newes-archaicspellingStrangeNewsoftheInterceptingCertainLettersthouclipsttheKingsEnglish-middleEnglishclipst=clip-simplifyAclippedstyleoflanguageexpressesthingsquicklyandclearlyusingasfewwordsaspossible.,Detailedstudyofthetext,Old:UsedasanintensiveDontgivemeanyol(old)excuse.别又跟我提那个借口abusing1.takeunfairorundueadvantageof(onespatience)2.makeimproperorincorrectuseoflanguage(theKingsEnglish),Detailedstudyofthetext,Godspatience.-TherewillbeagreattryingofonespatienceandplentifulmisuseoftheKingsEnglish.Implication：Nomatterhowpatientyouare,youwontbeabletobearhim,becausehewilleventryGodspatience.Godismorepatientthananyhumanbeing.,Detailedstudyofthetext,AngevinsandPlantagenetsoforrelatingtoAnjou(AhistoricalregionandformerprovinceofnorthwestFrance)，NormanrulingdynastiesinEngland(1154-1399)安茹王朝(金雀花王朝),Detailedstudyofthetext,comeintoitsown-receivewhatproperlybelongstoone获得应得的ShedidntreallycomeintoherownuntilshedwontheelectionforPartyleader.才奠定了应有的地位WiththesuccessoftheModelTFord,theautomobileindustrycameintoitsown.随着T型福特汽车的成功，汽车工业受到了应有的重视。-TheEnglishlanguagehasreceivedproperrecognitionandwasusedbythekingoncemore.,Detailedstudyofthetext,PeriodsofMiddleEnglish,1)1066-1204DeclineofEnglish2)1204-1348RiseofEnglishKingJohn(JohnLackland)(r.1199-1216),lossofNormandyin12043)1348-1509DominanceofEnglishprintersactivity(WilliamCaxton1474),increasedliteracyHundredYearsWar(1337-1453)JoanofArc1429,Elizabethans-thefamouswritersinElizabethantime(period)Shakespeare/MiltonQueenElizabethI(15331603)QueenofEnglandandIreland.SometimescalledTheVirginQueen,Gloriana,orGoodQueenBess.ElizabethsreignastheElizabethanera,famousfortheflourishingofEnglishdrama,ledbyplaywrightssuchasWilliamShakespeareandChristopherMarlowe,andfortheseafaringprowessofEnglishadventurerssuchasSirFrancisDrake.,Detailedstudyofthetext,Dandelionclock,Detailedstudyofthetext,Blowonit,Englishwasspreadfarandwidebythosefamouswriters.ExtendedsimileblowonadandelionclockseedsmultipliedfloatedtotheendsoftheearthTospreadtheEnglishlanguageiscomparedtotheblowingofadandelionclock.,TheKingsEnglishwasnolonger.”“TheuseofEnglishwasnolongerrestrictedtoacertainraceorclass.NowEnglishisusedbothbytheKingandcommonpeopleinEngland.,Detailedstudyofthetext,facetious-jokingesp.ataninappropriatetimeafacetiousperson轻浮的人afacetiousremark逗趣的话-Thephrase,kingsEnglish,hasalwaysbeenuseddisparaginglyandjokinglybythelowerclasses.Theworkingpeopleveryoftenmakefunoftheproperandformallanguageoftheeducatedpeople.,Detailedstudyofthetext,“Englishasitshouldbespoke”Thedeliberatepoorgrammarusedherereflectsthedesirebysomemembersofthelowerclassestostripthelanguageofanypretence,tokeepitfrombeingusedinsnobbishway.Therebellionagainstaculturaldominanceisstillthere.-Therestillexistintheworkingpeople,asintheearlySaxonpeasants,aspiritofoppositiontotheculturalauthorityoftherulingclass.,Detailedstudyofthetext,Carlyle-ThomasCarlyle(1795-1881),Detailedstudyofthetext,aScottishessayistandhistorianandaverystrongvoiceintheintellectualcirclesofVictorianEngland.,harden-becomehardorforceful-Thereexistsakindofdanger.Thatsforus,wordswillbecomeconcretethings.,andthekingsEnglish,representationofreality.-Theterm“thekingsEnglish”ortheAnglo-FrenchusedbyNormanrulersonlyrepresentthelanguageusedbytherulingclass.Itrepresentsthelanguageusedbyacertainclass.,Detailedstudyofthetext,immune(to)Ifyouareimmunetosth.thathappensorisdone,youarenotaffectedbyit.Hewasimmunetotheflatteryofotherspeople.beagainstattackbefromtaxationdiplomaticimmunity外交豁免权,Detailedstudyofthetext,WystanHughAuden(190773),British-bornpoet,residentinAmericafrom1939.,Detailedstudyofthetext,Works:Look,Stranger!(1936)Spain(1937,ontheCivilWar),securedhispositionasaleadingleft-wingpoet.AwardedthePulitzerPrizeforTheAgeofAnxiety(1947),ultimatum-afinalstatementoftermsmadebyonepartyoranother.最后通牒;最后条件-TheKingsEnglishsetsupanexcellentstandardforustoimitateforwecangainalotofusefulknowledgeorinformationbystudyingit,butpeopleshouldnotforcedtoacceptit.,Detailedstudyofthetext,slipsandslidestoslideonaslipperysurface,toloseonesfooting,hencetomakeamistake,fallintoerrormetaphorTheEnglishoneusesisnolongerabsolutelycorrect.alliteration,Detailedstudyofthetext,theonewhopunctuateshiswords-Hespeaksasifhewasinsertingpunctuationmarksinhisspeechtoemphasizeoraccentuatewhatheissaying.,Detailedstudyofthetext,EdwardMorganForster(18791970),Englishnovelistandliterarycritic.Hisnovels,severalofwhichhavebeenmadeintosuccessfulfilms,Works：ARoomwithaView(1908)看得见风景的房间APassagetoIndia(1924)印度之行THEDOGBENEATHTHESKIN1935皮下之狗ONTHEFRONTIER1938边界上JOURNEYTOAWAR1935战地行arecordoftheirexperiencetoChinaNEWYEARLETTER1941新年来信FORAGEOFANXIETY1947PulitzerPrize忧虑的年代,thesinistercorridorofourageCorridor:theroadwetravel(ametaphor)inourage,peoplearetravelingalongasinisterroaddoingallkindsofevilthings.Fostersmetaphorreferstotheuglyandfrighteningworldofthe20thcenturywhichhasindeedbeenasinistercorridorformankindtowalkdown,filledwithdangeroneveryside.,Detailedstudyofthetext,situpIfsth,makesyousitup,itmakesyoupaysuddenattentiontowhatishappeningWhydontyouthreatentoresign,-thatwouldmakethemsitup.UptonowIhadnotpaidmuchattentiontowhatthespeakerwassaying,butthenhecameoutwithsomethingthatmademesitupandtakenotice.,Detailedstudyofthetext,theonlydifference.-thesaucespreparedbyMme.Deffandscookandsupremechef,Brinvilliers,wereequallyterrible.Theonlydifferencebetweenthetwocookslayperhapsintheirdifferentpurpose/intentioninpreparingthesauces.,Detailedstudyofthetext,Thebotheraboutteachingchimpanzees-thosepeoplewillruintheconversationbytryingtotalksense.Itisasterribleastheytrytoteachachimpanzeetotalksense.Satirical.,Detailedstudyofthetext,Isthetitlewell-chosen?Whyorwhynot?No.ItmisleadsthereadersintothinkingthatthewriterisgoingtodealwiththeintrinsicrelationshipbetweenthepubstalkandthekingsEnglish.Actually,Thewritertalksaboutthecharmofconversationbyillustrations-Hehadwithsomepeopleoneeveninginapubonthetopicof“kingsEnglish”toillustratethatbarconversationhasacharmofitsown.,Understandingthetitlenow,4sectionsSect.Ipar.1-3:Thewriterputsforwardthetheses.Sect.IIpar.4-11:anexampletosupportthethesisSect.IIIpar.12-19moredigressions(whatthewriterthoughtaboutafterthebarconversationthenightbefore)Sect.IV.Para.20-21conclusion,Organizationalpattern,4sectionsSect.Ipar.1-3Thewriterputsforwardthetheses.1.Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities.2.Barconversationhasacharmofitsown.,Organizationalpattern,Sect.IIpar.4-11anexampletosupportthethesisnofixedtopic-theKingsEnglish-Australia-Saxonchurls-thelanguagebarriersTheexamplehaswellexplainedwhereitscharmlies.,Organizationalpattern,Sect.IIIpar.12-19moredigressions(whatthewriterthoughtaboutafterthebarconversationthenightbefore)Para.12-15HegiveshispersonalreflectiononthehistoryandmeaningoftheKingsEnglishPara.16-19Bythementioningofdictionariesandsalonsof18thParis,herevealshisattitudetowardstheKingsEnglish,Organizationalpattern,Sect.IV.Para.20-21conclusionThosepeoplewhoruintheconversationbytryingtotalksensearejustlikechimpanzeeswhoarenotcapableofconversation.,Organizationalpattern,conversationalstylelooselyorganizedinformallanguage-tosuitthetheme,Languagefeatures,Indicationsoftheinformalstyle:1.thetitlemisleading2.thethesis3.thetransitionordigressionpara.5servedastransitionshiftgeneraldiscoursetospecificone4.twodifferentkindsoflanguagea)colloquialexpressionsb)copioushistoricalallusionsliteraryallusions,Languagefeatures,5.mixedmetaphors6.nobigandabstractwords7.sentencefragments,Languagefeatures,Paraphrase:Conversationisanactivitywhichisfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.2.Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptonesownideaorpointofview.3.Infact,thosewhoreallyenjoyandskilledatconversationwillnotarguetowinorforceothertoaccepttheirpointofview.4.Peoplewhomeeteachotherforadrinkinabararenotclosefriendsfortheyarenotdeeplyabsorbedorengrossedoneachotherslives.,Exercise,5.Theconversationwentonwithoutknowingwhowasrightorwrong.6.Theseanimalsarecalledcattlewhentheyarealiveandfeedinginthefield,butwhenwesitdownatthetabletoeat,wecalltheirmeatbeef.7.ThenewrulingclassbyusingFrenchinsteadofEnglishmadeitdifficultfortheEnglishtoacceptorabsorbthecultureoftherulers.8.TheEnglishlanguagereceivedproperrecognitionandbecameanofficiallanguage.,Exercise,9.ThephrasetheKingsEnglishhasalwaysbeenuseddisparaginglyorjokinglybythelowerclasses.10.Therestillexistsintheworkingpeopleaspiritofoppositiontotheculturalcontroloftherulingclass.11.Thereisalwaysagreatdangerthatwemightforgetthatwordsareonlysymbolsandtakethemforthingstheyaresupposedtorepresent.12.Eventhemosteducatedandliteratepeopledonotusestandard,formalEnglishallthetimeintheirconversation.,Exercise,ignorant,illiterateuneducatedunlearned,Synonyms,ignorant-无知Itimpliesalackofknowledge,eithergenerallyoronsomeparticularsubjectHesnotstupid,merelyignorant.illiterate-缺乏文化修养