英语专业四级词汇语法辅导虚拟语气非谓语动词

虚拟语气,条件句,条件句为非真实条件句时，所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句和结果主句都要用虚拟语气。,与将来事实相反也可以用过去时：were,did,虚拟语气的几个句型,1、虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中A用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。B用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would,could,might+动词原形。Cwish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath;IwishIhadnotgonetoit.-“IletJoeborrowourradiofortheafternoon.”-“Thatsallright,butIwishhewouldbuyoneofhisown.”Iwishthathewerentsolazy.,虚拟语气的几个句型,虚拟语气的几个句型,2、would(had)rather,wouldassoon,wouldsooner,justassoon和wouldprefer所引导的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。但这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望或表示说话人婉转的责备。例如：Idratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。Iwouldpreferhedidntstaytheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。Iwouldjustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。,虚拟语气的几个句型,注意：wouldratherthan和wouldratherthan后面的从句用虚拟语气。用法是than后的从句要用should+动词原形,从句的that可省略。Iwouldratherdiethan(that)heshouldknowthesecret.Heddoanythingratherthan(that)heshouldlivewithsuchashamelesswoman.,虚拟语气的几个句型,wouldrather+,虚拟语气的几个句型,3、hadhoped/thought引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。Hisfatherhadhopedthathissonwouldgotobusinesswithhim,buthissonbecameanartistlater.,虚拟语气的几个句型,4、虚拟语气用于asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。Sheoftenlaughsspontaneously,andhergoodhumorbreaksoutasbrightlyasifitwereapartofthesunshineabove.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。Shelooksasifshewouldcry.她看起来好像要哭了。,虚拟语气的几个句型,5、用在suppose开头的祈使句中，从句的谓语动词变化与asif和wish后面的动词变化规律相同，用过去式、过去完成式、或过去将来式。意思是“假如”，但suppose是动词，不是连词。如：Supposethebosswalkedin.WhatshouldIdo?SupposeSaddamhadnotbeencaptured.WhatwouldtheU.S.do?,虚拟语气的几个句型,6.whetherit(he)beor意为“不管（不论）是还是”，表示让步，为虚拟语气的一种表示方法，其省略结构为beitor,beheor等，必须用倒装。例如：Behewhathemay,heshouldobeytherules.Everydayhetakesawalkintheparkintheevening,whetheritbefineorraining.Homeishome,beiteversohomely.(再穷也是家)Allmatter,whetheritbegas,liquidorsolid,ismadeupofatoms.Thebusinessofeachday,beitsellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.,虚拟语气的几个句型,7、Its(high,about)timethat句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。Itstimethatsomethingwasdoneaboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.Itishightimethatweputanendtothisdiscussion.,虚拟语气的几个句型,8、ifitwerenotfor与现在事实相反，ifithadnotbeenfor与过去事实相反，两个都相当于butfor：Ifithadnotbeenforhishelp(=butforhishelp),wewouldnothavesucceeded.9、由连接词incase,lest,forfearthat，(inorderthat,sothat)引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might)+动词原形，例如：Sheputablanketoverthebabyforfearthatheshouldcatchcold.她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。Thebadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllestheinjurehimself.,虚拟语气的几个句型,Note:fear/beafraid/worriedlestsb.dosth.表示害怕（担心）某种可能出现的情况，从句中的动词应用现在虚拟式。例如：Shefearslesthearrivetoolate.Wewereafraidlestitbebroken.,虚拟语气的几个句型,10.was(were)+tohavedone（不定式完成式）表示“原来想做而未做”后面通常but（陈述语气）Iwastohavearrivedhomeontime,butmycarwasheldupbyabadtrafficjam.,虚拟语气常用句型,11.Itisthatsb.(should)句型一：Itis形容词that句型二：Itisa抽象名词that句型三：Itis过去分词that,虚拟语气常用句型,A、用于Itis+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有：advisable合理的decided决定的crucial关键的appropriate恰当的determined决定的commanded命令的arranged安排的essential紧要的，基本的complied遵照anxious焦急的imperative迫切的important重要的desirable合意的better较好的，更好insistent坚持的desired想要asked请求keen渴望的incredible难以置信的adamant坚定不移的natural自然的insisted坚持necessary必要的suggested建议urgent紧迫的ordered命令shocked震惊的vital极其重要的possible可能的strange奇怪的preferable（好一点）proposed提议requested要求的required要求的recommended推荐resolved决定的probable（可能的）pity可惜，憾事shame遗憾注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以fortodo来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。Itisessentialthatheshouldbepreparedforthis.Itisessentialforhimtobepreparedforthis.,虚拟语气常用句型,B.常这样用的抽象名词有：pity,shame,nowonderC.Itssuggestedthattheschool(should)organizeanoutingwhenspringcomes.Itisrequiredthatmiddle-schoolsstudents(should)takeatleastone-hourexerciseeveryday.,虚拟语气常用句型,12.建议、命令、和要求等,谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。A、用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有：ask要求advise建议arrange安排beg请求command命令decide决定demand要求desire渴望determine决定insist坚持intend打算maintain坚持主张move建议，动员propose提议object反对order命令prefer建议require需要request要求resolve下决心recommend推荐suggest建议stipulate约定，规定urge强调，促进vote公认，提议decree颁布（法令）pray请求注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者todo来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。Sheadvisedthatweshouldkeepthegatelocked.（书面体）Sheadvisedustokeepthegatelocked.（口语）Sheadvisedkeepingthegatelocked.(较随便),虚拟语气常用句型,NOTE:当suggest意为“暗示”，insist意为“坚持认为（一个事实）”时，其后的宾语从句中不用虚拟语气。例如：1）Herfacesuggested(暗示)thatshewasill.SoIsuggested(建议)thatshe(should)besenttothehospitalimmediately.2)Heinsistedthathewasright.她坚持认为自己是对的。,虚拟语气常用句型,B用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有：advice忠告decision决定demand要求desire要求、愿望insistence坚持motion提议necessity必要性order命令preference偏爱proposal提议pray恳求recommendation推荐request要求requirement要求resolution决心suggestion劝告、忠告例如：Thisistheirresolutionthatextra-curriculumactivitiesbemadepartoftheirschoollife.,虚拟语气常用句型,13、ifonly引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟结构，现在已成为惯用法，表达愿望。形式为：用过去时或“would/could+动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。这类句型表示一种不真实的条件，常译成要是.就好了！1）IfonlyIhadtakenmothersadvice我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了。2）IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages我要是能讲几种外语就好了。3)Ifonlyyouwouldlistentoouradvice.要是你听我们的建议就好了。,虚拟语气常用句型,14、在以inorderthat，sothat，引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词可用虚拟语气。从句中的谓语动词用may（might）动词原形或should动词原形。1）Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemighttakecareofhersickmother她在家里呆了好几天，以便能照顾生病的母亲。2）Theteacherexplainedthesentencesagainandagaininorderthatthestudentscouldunderstandthemclearly老师一再解释这些句子以便学生能够清楚地理解。,虚拟语气常用句型,15.Imagine后的虚拟语气Imagine表示现在或将来非现实情况的意想（用were型结构）；也可表示对过去非实际情况的意想（用had+过去分词结构）Imaginethatwewereonandesolateislandnow.Imaginethatyouwerelaughedbythoseshadowpeople.Imaginethathehadnothadtakenthosemeasures,whatwouldhavehappened?,非谓语动词,不定式,不定式的时态,不定式时态,1)不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的或是在其后发生的。例如：Thousandsofyoungpeoplearelearningtoski数以千计的年轻人在学习滑雪。(同时)Wherecanwegetsomesicklestocutthericewith?我们到哪儿去弄些镰刀割稻呢?,真题,TheMinisterofFinanceisbelieved_ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.(2004-48)A.thatheisthinkingB.tobethinkingC.thatheistothinkD.tothink,B,不定式时态,不定式的进行式1.不定式的进行式强调其所表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时正在进行。e.g.Hepretendedtobelisteningtotheteachercarefully.,Heissaidtowriteaprefacetothebook.(Hewillwrite)Heissaidtobewritingaprefacetothebook.(Heiswriting),Comparethetwosentences:,不定式时态,2.不定式的完成进行式强调其所表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生之前发生，而且一直进行。e.g.Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.e.g.Helookedtoyoungtohavebeenpublishingbooksforsixyears.他看上去很年轻，不像是已经出版了六年书的人。,不定式的完成式,1.用在intended,expected,meant,hoped,wanted,promised,planned,wished,thought,desired,was,were等后，表示过去没有实现的愿望，计划或期待等。也可用来表示先于谓语动词发生动作或状态，tohave+过去分词表示动作，tohavebeen表示状态。,Examples,Iintendedtohavecometoseeyou.(我本打算来看你的)Hewastohavefetchedyouhere他本该去把你带来的。TheyweretohavebeenmarriedinMaybuthadtopostponetheweddinguntilJune.ShehastohavepassedAdvancedLevelintwosubjectsbeforeshegoestouniversity.(必先通过，才能)Youareluckytohavewonthegirlsheart(Youhavewon)Thegirlwasreportedtohavebeenmissingforamonth(Shehasbeen)Iamsorrytohavelostyourkey把你的钥匙弄丢了，我很抱歉。Shewasreportedtohavedied据报道她已经死了。Hewasimpatienttohavefinishedthejob他渴望已经完成了工作。,不定式的完成式,2.用在seem,appear,think,consider,believe等后，不定式的完成式所表示的动作（状态）发生在主要谓语动词或特定的某时间之前，它一般强调事情的完成或结果。e.g.Judgingfromhismannersattheparty,hedoesntseemtohavereceivedmucheducation.Hewasbelievedtohavebeenareporter.,不定式的完成式,3.在should/wouldlike或should/wouldhaveliked后用不定式完成式表示没有实现的愿望。Ishouldliketohavegonewithher.(但没有去)Ishouldhavelikedtohaveseenherfacewhenshereadtheletter.(我真想见到她读信时的表情。),真题,1.AIDSissaid_thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsinthatregion.(2002-46)beingB.tobeC.tohavebeenD.havingbeen2.ProfessorJohnsonsaid_somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear.(1999-43)havingmadeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.tomake3.Atthreeoclockthismorning,Iseemed_someonescreaminthestreet.(1990-39)hearingB.havingheardC.tohaveheardD.tohear,C,练习,1.TheVikingsarebelieved_America.A.tohavediscoveredB.indiscoveringC.todiscoverD.tohavebeendiscovered2.Thestudentswereto_attheauditoriumbefore1:30p.m.,butthelecturewascancelledatthelastminute.A.assembledB.haveassembledC.assemblingD.beassembled3.Hewasto_thenewambassador,buthefellill.A.havingtelephonedB.havetelephonedC.hastelephonedD.telephoning,ABB,be+动词不定式,1.表示最近，未来的计划或安排（相当于begoingto）Youaretoseehimtodayatsixoclock.2.表示该做或不该做的事（相当于should/must/oughtto/haveto等）。e.g.Youaretoexplainthis.3.表示能不能发生的事（相当于can/may等）e.g.SimilarconditionsaretobefoundinallotherLatinAmericancountries.4.表示不可避免将要发生的事。e.g.Theysaidgoodbye,littleknowingthattheywerenevertomeetagain.5.用于条件从句，表示如果想，设想（相当于ifshould,或ifwant）。e.g.Ifwearetobethereintime,wellhavetohurryup.,真题,I_writingthepaperasscheduled,butmymothersillnessinterfered.Ihopeyouwillexcuseme.(1993-54)A.amtohavefinishedB.wastohavefinishedC.wastofinishD.oughttofinish,B,动词疑问句+带to的不定式,用于此结构的常见动词：adviseconsiderdecidediscussexplainfindoutforgethearinquireknowlearnregardrememberseesettleshowteachtellthinkunderstandwondere.g.Pleaseshowmehowtodothat.(做宾语)e.g.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotyetbeendecided.（做主语）e.g.Theproblemishowtogetthereintime.（做表语）e.g.Ihadnoideawhichtoreadfirst.（做名词同位语）,真题,TheClarkshaventdecidedyetwhichhotel_.(1998-49)A.tostayB.istostayC.tostayatD.isforstaying,C,不定式的特殊句型,1.suchasto,suchasto,soasto表程度e.g.Hisstorywassuchastodeceiveeveryone.e.g.Itwassuchanaccidentastoclaim20lives.e.g.Whocouldbesomeanastodoathinglikethat?2.soas(not)to,onlyto,inorderto,so(such)asto(如此以便)表目的Wehavegotsoplentyoffoodastotreatourguests.e.g.Hekeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.e.g.Icomehereonlytosaygoodbyetoyou.,真题,Hisremarkswere_annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.(2005-53)A.soastoB.suchastoC.suchtoD.asmuchastoHisstrongsenseofhumourwas_makeeveryoneintheroomburstoutlaughing.(1998-50)A.soastoB.suchastoC.sothatD.suchthat,BB,不定式的特殊句型,3.tooto结构:1)太以至于2)当too前面有only,all,but时，意思是“非常”，too等于very。e.g.Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.3)当too前或to前有否定词构成双重否定时，too等于very。e.g.Heistoowisenottoseethat.4)当too后是glad,pleased,happy,delighted,satisfied,ready,willing,kind,apt,good,true,east,near,careful,well,early,delicious,eager,anxious等形容词或副词时，too等于very。e.g.Theyaretooreadytohelpothers.5)too与cannot连用，表示无止境。e.g.Youcannotbetoocareful.越仔细越好。无论怎么仔细也不过分6)当不定式在句中做定语或真正的主语时，表示so(many/much)。e.g.Therearetoomanyproblemstobesolved.,不定式的特殊句型,4)onlyto+动词原形（不料竟会，没想到会）表示不好的结果。e.g.Theyhurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.,真题,Thethreementriedmanytimestosneakacrosstheborderintotheneighboringcountry,_bythepoliceeachtime.(1999-42)A.hadbeencapturedB.beingalwayscapturedC.onlytobecapturedD.unfortunatelycaptured,c,动词不定式的复合结构,1.强调不定式的行为属性，可用“Itis+形容词forsomebody+不定式”句型。静态形容词多用于此句型。Easydifficulthardimportantpossibleimpossiblebetternecessarycomfortablenotenoughessentialthefirstthenextthelastthebesttoomuchtoolittlee.g.ItwasverydifficultformetolearnSpanish.间或也可用“for+theretobe”表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是tobe)e.g.Itsagreatpityfortheretobemuchtroubleinthecompany.e.g.Wouldyouliketheretobeameetingtodiscusstheproblem？,动词不定式的复合结构,2.强调任务的性格和特征，则用“Itis+形容词ofsomebody+不定式”句型。动态形容词多用于此句型。Kindnicestupidrudecleverthoughtfulbraveconsideratesillyselfishcarelessimpolitegoodnaughtyboldhonestsensiblewrongrightbad,真题,Theopeningceremonyisagreatoccasion.Itisessential_forthat.(2003-47)A.forustobepreparedB.thatwearepreparedC.ofustobepreparedD.ourbeingprepared,A,省略to的动词不定式,e.g.Idrathernothaveeggsandbaconforbreakfast.Idsoonerstayathome.Iwouldassoondoitbymyself.Sinceitsafinedaywemightaswellwalk.Hewouldratherlistentoothersthantalkhimself.Iwouldjustassoonstayasgo.,A在情态成语之后,在wouldrather,wouldsooner,would(just)assoon(宁愿),may/might(just)aswell(不妨，可以),cannotbut/cannothelpbut(不能不，不由得不)之后，接不带to不定式。,Note:在否定句中，not放在wouldrather,hadbetter后，但在否定疑问句中，not放在had,would后。Iwouldrathernotdrinkanything.Hadntyoubettermakehaste?HadInotbetterdoittomorrow?,真题,Thatmanhasabadreputation.You_anythingtodowithhim.(1991-10)A.hadbetternothaveB.havebetterhaveC.havebetternothaveD.hadbetternottohave,A,Theydidnothingexceptwork.Theresnochoicebuttowait.Whathewilldoistospoilthewholething.Allyoudonowistocompletetheform.TheonlythingIcandonowistogoonbymyself.Thethingtodonowistoclearupthismess.,B.在介词except/but之后,如果except/but之前有动词do的某种形式，其后通常用不带to的不定式，否则带to。如果主语是由all,what等词引导的从句，或者是主语受only,first,one,least或形容词最高级修饰，主语部分有实义动词do的某种形式，则作主语补语的不定式也是既可带to，也可不带to。,Whyarguewithhim?WhynotgiveMarysomeflowers?,C.在“why./whynot.?”之后,Why表示不满，或者是委婉的批评；whynot表示建议，二者都不带to,_himtomorrow?(2001-43)A.WhynottocallonB.WhydontcallonC.WhynotcallingonD.Whynotcallon,D,必须带to的特殊情况,1.knowbetterthan后的不定式必须加toe.g.Heknowsbetterthantolendherthemoney.他很明智，不会把钱借给她。Heknewbetterthantoarguewithsucharascal.,必须带to的特殊情况,2.“比较级+名词+than”后的不定式要加toe.g.Shehadmoresensethantobedeceivedbyhim.她有理智，不会上当。Hehasabetterheartthantobetrayhiscountry.他有良心，不会叛国。,动名词,动名词时态和语态意义,动名词的时态,动名词和不定式一样，没有独立的绝对的时态意义，其时态意义从属于句中谓语动词的时态。一般式：表明动名词动作与谓语动作同时发生或在其后发生,或表示一般情况。使用doing.Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。完成式:表明动名词动作在谓语动作前发生,使用havingdone.Hewaspraisedforhavingmadeagreatcontributiontohiscountry.Hishavingbeenelectedchairmanoftheclubsurprisedusgreatly.,真题,Ineverregretted_offer,foritwasnotwheremyinterestlay.(1993-53)A.nottoacceptB.nothavingacceptedC.havingnotacceptedD.notaccepting,B,动名词的语态,被动式:表明动名词的逻辑主语是该动作的承受者Hediditwithoutbeingasked.Theyinsistedonbeinggiventhetask.Beingtakenadvantageofisnotagoodthing.但要注意,在want,need,deserve,require,repay,bear,take需要，brook忍受，stand等表示“需要、值得、忍受”等动词及形容词worth后,尽管表示的是被动的意思,却用动名词的主动形式.Mypenneedsfilling.Thepointdeservesmentioning.Thisproblemrequiresstudyingwithgreatcare.Hermethodisworthtrying.,在need,want后用主动态动名词表示被动意义，与用被动态的不定式意义并无差别，但以用动名词较为普遍。Thedooriscracking.Itneedsoiling/tobeoiled.Theroomwantscleaning/tobecleaned.require,deserve也能这样用，但不及need,want普通。,动名词的复合结构,如动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动作的主语，则需有自己的逻辑主语。两种形式：1)人称代词所有格+动名词Heinsistedonmygoingwithhimtotheparty.Compare:Tominsistedongoingwiththem.Tominsistedonmygoingwiththem.2)名词所有格+动名词Shedislikesherhusbandscomingbackhomelate.Compare:Hehatesworkinglate.Hehateshiswifesworkinglate.若动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语相同，则不应再有主语。,练习,Thoughherfatherneverapprovedof_todramaschool,shebecameawell-knownactress.(1991-16)A.goingB.hertogoC.hergoingD.hergoSheregrets_idlewhenyoung.a.tohavebeenb.herbeingc.herhavingd.havingbeenKey:CD,动名词和不定式的比较,1）动名词通常是泛指；不定式通常是特指。2）动名词通常指持续、反复的动作；不定式通常指一时、一次的动作。3）动名词通常用于书面语；不定式则倾向口语。,作主语的动名词与不定式在意义上的区别,动名词通常表示抽象动作，而不定式通常表示具体动作，特别是将来的未完成动作。Itsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.（抽象动作）Hismotherhadadvisedhim,however,thatitwasnousetoarguewithSelma.（具体动作）,（指抽象动作,泛指）,（指具体的一次动作）,Spittingeverywhereisnotpolite.,Tospitherewillbepunished,随地吐痰是不礼貌的,在这里吐痰要受惩罚。,动名词和不定式的比较,动名词和不定式都可以作主语和表语。一般来说，在表示抽象的、一般的行为时，多用动名词;在表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。但在Itsnouse(good)，itsuseless后面常用动名词作主语。Herpresentjobisteachingmusic.=Teachingmusicisher(泛指)ToteachmusictoGradeOneisherpresentjob.=Herpresentjobistoteach(特指)Itsdifficultforhimtofinishthejobinaweek.Itsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收,分词,分词的形式,现在分词表示主动的意义；表示一般性的或正在进行的动作；在表面形式上有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分。,过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，只有一种形式。,去分词与现在分词被动式的区别,现在分词的被动形式是beingdone，表示某一动作在讲话时下在发生，或与谓语动作同时发生。Whoisthepatientbeingoperatedon?正在被做手术的病人是谁？Youwillfindthematterbeingtalkedaboutalloverthetown.你会发现城里到处都在谈论这件事。而过去分词表示的意义除了被动以外，还表示这个动作已经完成。如Thepatientoperatedonyesterdayisafamousscientist.昨天被做手术的病人是一个著名科学家。,真题,1.Henoticedthehelicopterhoveringoverthefield.Thentohisastonishment,hesawaropeladder_outandthreemenclimbingdownit.(1995-52)A.throwingB.beingthrownC.havingthrownD.havingbeenthrown2.Mr.Brownhadthereport_assoonashefinished_it.(1990-33)A.tobetyped,towriteB.typed,towriteC.beingtyped,writingD.typed,writing,BD,在lookat，listento,feel，hear，notice，observe，see，watch等动词后可以用不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语，意义差别不大。现在分词强调动作正在发生、还未结束;不定式说明动作的全过程。Didyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?你刚才听到有人敲门吗?YesIdid.Iheardhimknockthreetimes.是的，我听到他敲了三下.Isawyourfatherworkinginyourgardenyesterday.昨天我看见你父亲正在花园里干活。Isawyourfatherworkinyourgardenyesterday.昨天我见你父亲在园里干活。注意：find后面用分词(现在分词和过去分词)作宾补，不用不定式。如：正：Ifoundhimlyingontheground.误：Ifoundhimlieontheground.,分词和不定式作宾语补足语时的区别,分词作状语,1.表时间e.g.Hearingthenews,weimmediatelysetoffforLondon.e.g.Shesatdown,listeningtotheirtalk.注意：on/in+doing也是常用的时间表示法，有些细微差别。On+doing相当于assoonas，强调瞬间动作。In+doing相当于when或while，强调的是连续的缓慢的动作。Onenteringtheroom,hefoundthewomanlyingdeadonthefloor.Indoingtheworkshemetalotofdifficulties.,分词作状语表时间时的位置,A.相当于when引导的从句这类状语通常放在句子的前半部分。Hearingthenews,weimmediatelysetoffforBeijing(Whenweheardthenews，we)Whenleavingtheairport，wewavedagainandagaintohim.B.也可放在主语后或句尾，放在句尾时表示强调。Ilistenedtothemusicforawhile，havingwrittenanimportantletterHe，havingfinishedhishomework，goestobedC.如果分词表示的动作紧接着谓语动作之后发生，分词应放在句尾。Sheopenedthedoor，greetingherguestsHesatdown，listeningtotheirtalkD.如果分词表示的动作先发生，谓语动词动作紧接着发生，分词短语应放在句首，不能放在句尾。Theystoppedtalking，hearingastrangesound(错)Hearingastrangesound，theystoppedtalking(对),分词作状语,2.表原因,相当于as,since,because引导的从句Notknowinganythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkaswell.3.表方式或伴随e.g.Shewassittinginanarmchairreadingabook.e.g.Theyallreturnedtothevillageconvincedthatthedangerwasover.,分词作状语,4.表条件，相当于if,unless等引导的从句e.g.Givenanotherchance,hewilldoitmuchbetter.5.表结果，相当于sothat引导的从句e.g.Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,leavingtheprojectunfinished.6.表让步，相当于though,evenif引导的从句e.g.Grantinghishonesty,westillcantemployhim.,真题,1._atinthisway,thepresenteconomicsituationdoesntseemsogloomy.(2000-51)A.LookingB.LookedC.HavinglookedD.Tolook2._enoughtimeandmoney,theresearcherswouldhavebeenabletodiscovermoreinthisfield.(1998-51)A.GivingB.TogiveC.GivenD.Beinggiven,BC,真题,3._time,hellmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.(1996-42)A.HavingB.GivenC.GivingD.Had4._,hewaschosenandtrainedasaprofessionalswimmer.(1991-20)A.HewasbornandraisedinafishingvillageB.BornandraisedinafishingvillageC.ThathewasbornandraisedinafishingvillageD.Inadditiontohewasbornandraisedinafishingvillage,BB,作状语的分词短语前的连词,分词短语作状语时，有时前面可以加一个连词，表示强调或出于表达的需要。常用的连词有：when,while,after,before,if,though,whetheror,unless,asif等e.g.Aftertakingthemedicine,hefeltbetter.e.g.Thesoldierwalkedveryslowlyasifhavingbeenwounded.如果这些连词后的分词是being或含有being，则being可以省略。e.g.While(being)atschool,shebegantowritethenovel.If(being)wellread,thebookwillgiveyoumuchtothink.e.g.Jack,(being)inabadmood,didnothingyesterday.,和句子主语不保持一致的分词短语形式。,1._thegeneralstateofhishealth,itm