限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别

DefiningandNon-definingClauses,Grammar,objective,TousetheDefiningandNon-definingClausescorrectly,语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。,Readthesesentencesanddiscusswhichwordsinthesentencestheclauses(initalics)referto.,TherewereinventionsanddevelopmentsinChinawhichwerenotavailableinEuropeatthattime.MarcowasluckyenoughtomeetanotherprisonerwhoenjoyedlisteningtohisstoriesaboutChina.TheprisonerthenwrotethestoriesinabookcalledTheDescriptionoftheWorld,whichbecameoneofthebest-sellingbooksinEurope.,Whichoftheclausesabovegives1)informationtoidentifytheperson(s)/object(s)?(definingclause)2)extrainformationaboutapersonorathing,whichcanbeleftout?(non-definingclause),限制性定语从句:所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少定语,如果去掉,主句就失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号和主句分开。,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:,DoyourememberthegirlwhotaughtusEnglish？你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？(如果把从句部分去掉,整个句子的含义就变了。),非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切,只是对先行词做些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时须停顿，一般不用that引导。,Mr.Zhang,whocametoseemeyesterday,isanoldfriendofmine.张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位朋友。(去掉从句,主句的意义仍然完整:张先生是我的一位朋友。)2.Wewalkeddownthevillagestreet,wheretheywerehavingmarketday.我们沿着村里的大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。(去掉从句,主句的意义仍然完整:我们沿着村里的大街向前走去。),限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。,ThatPeterwillmarryAlice,whichhasnotbeenannouncedyet,hasspreadaround.皮特要娶爱丽丝这件事，还没宣布，却已穿得沸沸扬扬。句中的which指代“皮特要娶爱丽丝”这件事。,除which外，还可用when,where,who,whom等关系副词或代词引导非限制性定语从句。,Aftergraduation,IdecidedtostayinChongqing,whereIspentmychildhoodandfouryearsofcollegelife.,AlbertEinsteinleftGermanyfortheUnitedStatesduringtheWorldWarII,whenJewswerebadlytreatedinGermany.,在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾语时，引导词可以省略，但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省，同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。,TheAmericanjournalist(whom/who)theannouncermentionedinthenewsbroadcastissaidtohavebeenkilledbythegangsters.,播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。,Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother,whomhelovedandrespectedashisownmother.他急于想去医院看望他的继母，他像对亲生母亲一样爱戴和尊敬她。,Allthemagazinesherewhichhavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.,里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。,Allthemagazineshere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.,所有的杂志都是他写的,里面都有漂亮的图画。,有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。,（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）,（杂志只有一种）,Mr.Smith,whoisourboss,willleaveforJapan.,当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。,Threeofthebiggestman-madeprojectsintheworldaretheGreatWallofChina，thePyramidsofEgyptandtheAswanHighDam，whichisalsoinEgypt世界上最大的三项人造工程是中国的长城，埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高坝，它也在埃及。,在ofwhich/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。,1.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofwhicharequitehelpfultomyhealth.2.Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.3.Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeofwhomcomefromtheUS.,非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：,一、非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。1.Ilikethebook,whichwasboughtyesterday.我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。2.Ilikethebookwhich/thatwasboughtyesterday.我喜欢昨天买的那本书。,二、非限制性定语从句不能用why引导要用forwhich代替why。1.Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidntattendthemeeting.我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。2.IhadtoldthemthereasonwhyIdidntattendthemeeting.我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。(限制性定语从句“thereasonwhy.”是常见搭配。),三、非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。1.AsIexpected,hedidntbelieveme.正如我所预料的，他不相信我。2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。,四、非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。1.Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,withwhichhisfatherwasangry.他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。2.Ifinishedmyworkaheadoftime,afterwhichIsatsometimereadingthenewspaper.我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了会儿报纸。,1)Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyoflefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(2010浙江)A.whomB.whichC.themD.those,高考链接,2)Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,isnamedafterhisgrandfather.(2010全国I)A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that3)Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotraveling,_turnedouttobeawisedecision.(2010四川)A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where,4)Thenewly-builtcafe,thewallsof_arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.(2010江苏)thatB.itC.whatD.which,5.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.(2011辽宁）A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that,6.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.（2011江西）whenB.whichC.whereD.while,7.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.（2011四川）whoB.whichC.whatD.that,8.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_had