高中定语从句课件一

,定语从句,一.定语从句的基本定义,放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,被修饰的词叫先行词。,一.定语从句的基本定义,TheboywhoisreadingisTom.,先行词,关系代词,Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.,先行词,关系副词,二.关系词的分类,关系代词,2.关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when,where,why,二.关系词的分类,三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点,1.关系代词的基本用法,三.1.关系代词的基本用法,who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.,Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。,Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.,who,whom,which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.,which,Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.,that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,that,whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。,Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.,Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.,whose,2.关系代词的用法注意点,(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which。,当先行词中有人又有物时。如：,Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?,2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况,当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.,当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.,当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.,当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.,(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。,(2)用who不用that的情况,先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.,先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.,(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：Thebossinwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。,(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovelwhosetitle(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.,whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。,whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboywhosemother(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)isadoctorismyfriend.,(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.,(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致,Thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhomintheworld.that,(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.,Thedresswhichsheiswearingisnew.that,(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.,巩固练习：1.用定语从句合并句子,巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子,(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.,(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.,HeisthekindpersonwhoIhaveeverworkedwith.whomthat,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,1.Thegirl_isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl_motherisateachercanspeakEnglishverywell.4.Icantfindthebook_isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Icantfindthebook_youlenttome.,who/that,(who/whom/that),whose,which/that,(that/which),巩固练习：2.用适当的关系词填空,巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空,四.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句,1.介词的选用原则：,根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8dollars.,四.“介词+which/whom”引导的从句，1.介词选用原则,(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。,IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere.,2.当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。,Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.IcantfindthepenwithwhichIwaswriting.,2.介词位于关系代词前，关系代词的使用,3.当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用which/that(指物),who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。,(whom/who/that),(which/that),Dadisaperson_Icaneasilytalkto.,Isthistheplay_youweretalkingaboutjustnow?,3.介词位于句末，关系代词的使用,4.在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：,Thisisthewatch(that/which)Iamlookingfor.Thebabies(who/whom/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.,4.含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用,5.先行词是theway，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/inwhich或省略。,Ididntliketheway_shetalkedtome.Theway_heteachesEnglishisinteresting.,（that/inwhich）,（that/inwhich）,5.先行词为theway，关系词的使用,五.关系副词when,where和why的用法,五.关系副词的基本用法,用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.,Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen(=inwhich)WorldWarbrokeout.,1.when,1.when,用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.,Theschoolwhere(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.,2.where,2.where,用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,Thereareseveralreasonswhy(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.,Tomcouldntgivetheteacherthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.,3.why,3.why,4.关系副词的用法注意点,(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that或省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.,(2)当point,situation,case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused?,4.关系副词的用法注意点,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,1)October1,1949wastheday_(_)Chinawasfounded.2)Beijingistheplace_(_)Icame.3)Isthisthereason_(_)hedidntwanttoseeme?,when,onwhich,where,fromwhich,why,forwhich,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,4)Isthistheroom_(_)wewerelivinglastwinter?5)Thedaysaregone_(_)weused“foreignoil”.6)Yesterday,wehadameeting_(_)wediscussedmanyproblems.,where,inwhich,when,duringwhich,atwhich,where,对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,1.Theroom_heoncelivedisstillthere.Theroom_Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.,where/inwhich,(that/which),对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,2.Iwillneverforgettheday_Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday_wespenttogether.,when/onwhich,(that/which),Thereason_Idontknowisknowntohim.,(that/which),why/forwhich,3.Thereason_IdontknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.,六.非限制性定语从句,1.非限制性定语从句的定义,非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。,Mywatch,whichisveryold,stoppedagain.,六.1.非限制性定语从句的定义,2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：,ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.,Thisisagoodbook,whichiseasytounderstand.,2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。,(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。,(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。,(5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：,(6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。,Hehastwodaughters,theelderofwhomismarried.,Heisill,inspiteofwhichhekeepsonstudying.,3.关系代词as,which引导非限制定语从句时的区别,(1)as和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而whi