希腊神话课件-.ppt

GreekMythology,AncientGreece,TheGreatFountain,science,technology,democracy,politics,drama,history,WesternCivilization,TheJudeo-ChristianCivilization,AnotherFountain,HistoryofAncientGreeceinanutshell,WherewasancientGreece?mountainouspeninsulajutsintheMediterraneanSeanumerousrockyislandsoffthecoastsettledwiderareaSEEWORLDMAP,HistoryofAncientGreeceinanutshell,WhendidGreekCivilizationbegin?Cretecirca2200BC(克里特岛)MinoanPeriod(米诺斯文明)Legendaryruler:Minos,HistoryofAncientGreeceinanutshell,ThenWhat?Mycenae(迈锡尼时期)(warculture)AcityonmainlandGreeceWarinTroy,AsiaMinor,HistoryofAncientGreeceinanutshell,ADarkAge(黑暗时期)camePovertyPoliticalconfusionFormorethan200years,HistoryofAncientGreeceinanutshell,ArchaicAgeAround750to480BCOld-fashionedStillinnovativeCity-statesOlympicGamesbegancirca776BC,HistoryofAncientGreeceinanutshell,TheClassicalPeriod(古典时期)480BC323BC,HistoryofAncientGreeceinanutshell,Whichwasthestrongestcity-state?SpartaAthensGreco-PersianWars(490BC-479BC)(希波战争)（对外）PeloponnesianWar(431BC404BC)(伯罗奔尼撒战争)（内战）weakenedboth,HistoryofAncientGreeceinanutshell,HowdidGreekpowerend?ConqueredbyMacedonia马其顿(338BC)AkingdomtothenorthGreekcivilizationcontinued,HistoryofAncientGreeceinanutshell,Whatnext?AlexandertheGreatdiedin323BC.TheHellenisticperiod(希腊化时期)began,HistoryofAncientGreeceinanutshell,Romanscamein146BCPartofByzantineEmpire拜占庭帝国(395)ByzantinecapitalConstantinople君士坦丁堡Istanbul伊斯坦布尔ByzantinefelltoOttomanTurks奥斯曼土耳其in1453,Races,The20thcenturyracialclassificationbyAmericananthropologistCarletonS.Coon,dividedhumanityintofiveraces:Caucasoidrace高加索人种（白种人）Negroidrace尼格罗人种（黑种人）Capoidrace非洲开普人种Mongoloidrace蒙古人种Australoidrace,Races,DetailoftheethnographicchartofMeyersKonversationslexikon,4thedition1885-1890,toillustratethenotionofAryanandCaucasianatthetime.CaucasianRace:(bluetint)AryansEuropeanAryansandIndo-Aryans;AryanscorrespondstoIndo-Europeans,Indo-AryanstoIndo-IraniansSemites闪米特Hamites含米特MongolianRaceNorthMongolian(lightyellow)correspondstoAltaicTibetans(darkyellow)NegroidRaceAfricanNegroids(darkbrown)uncertainclassificationDravidiansandSinghalese(green),BeginningofGreekBelief,I.GhostsBeliefinPowersnotperceptibletothesensesSoulsGoblinsorghostsBurialsacrifices(殉葬品)Humanofferings(realway)Sacrificesofbeasts(symbolic)SoulsavengeneglectCorpsecomingbacktolife,BeginningofGreekBelief,II.Nether-WorldPowers:HeroesUndergroundGodsTranslatedwithoutdyingundergroundReceiveofferingsExertinfluenceintheneighborhood(ringsabell?)PropheciesindreamsCuringdiseasesGenerallyreputedancestorsasheroes,BeginningofGreekBelief,III.NatureandElementalPowersNature-daemonLittledistinctionbetweenthem(maleorfemale),BeginningofGreekBelief,IV.WorshipDeitiesSoul-likeordaemonicbeingChancesuccess(prayer,sacrifices,etc.)PicturedasalivingbeingFreefromearthlylimitationsImportantasgodsMantryingtopleasethemThreemainsformsofworshipPurification(water)Prayer(promisesinsetphrases)Sacrifice(later-burningsacrifices)Deitieswillslearned(signs/words)Appearanceoftemples,GodsClassified,GodsNosingleversionofthegenealogyTwoaccountswidelyrecognizedTheogony神谱byHesiod(8thcenturyBC)TheLibrary书库byApollodorus(2ndcenturyBC),赫西俄德,阿波罗多洛斯,GodsClassified,1.CreationoftheGods,Chaos,Gaea地母盖亚,Tartarus冥府神塔耳塔洛斯,Eros性爱之神厄罗斯,混沌之神卡俄斯,Uranus天神乌拉诺斯,=Gaea,TheTitans(includingCronussometimestheyarecalledthedaughtersofNight.Theylivedintheworldbelow,fromwhichtheyascendedtoearthtopursuethewicked.Theywerejustbutmercilessandwithoutregardformitigatingcircumstances.Theypunishedalloffensesagainsthumansocietysuchasperjury,violationoftheritesofhospitality,and,aboveall,themurderofbloodrelatives.Theseterriblegoddesseswerehideoustobehold;theyhadwrithingsnakesforhairandblooddrippedfromtheireyes.Theytormentedwrongdoers,pursuingthemfromplacetoplaceacrosstheearth,drivingthemmad.,GreekReligionfromHomericAge,Harpy(snatcher)鹰身女妖Hesiod(Theogony)callsthemtwolovely-hairedcreatures.Harpiesasuglywingedbird-womenarealatedevelopment,duetoaconfusionwiththeSirens.,SuchasAello(Stormfoot),Okypete(Seift-flier),GreekReligionfromHomericAge,Asclepius医药神，药王Fromcave-dwellingsubterraneanpowersRepresentedintheformofasnakesonofApolloandCoronis,abeautifulmaidenofThessaly,Asclepiusrepresentsthehealingaspectofthemedicalarts;hisdaughtersareHygieia(Health),Iaso(Medicine),Aceso(Healing),Agla/gle(HealthyGlow),andPanacea(UniversalRemedy).TherodofAsclepius,asnake-entwinedstaff,remainsasymbolofmedicinetoday,althoughsometimesthecaduceus,orstaffwithtwosnakes,ismistakenlyusedinstead.HewasassociatedwiththeRoman/EtruscangodVediovis.,RodofAsclepius(pharmacysymbol),GreekReligionfromHomericAge,Hades冥王哈德斯risefromtherankofalocalgodGodofDeath-“theinvisibleone”BrotherofZeusandPoseidon“UndergroundZeus”Persephone,herspouseAlsoguardianofthecorncornucopia丰饶角TheErinyes,Thanatos(Death),andthesleep-godHypnos,whoareconceivedaslikehim,dwellinhisdomain.Erebus(assoonaspeopledie)andTartarus(thedeeperregion)guardedbyCerberus,thethree-headed,dragon-taileddog,1.黑暗之神，混沌之子2.阳间与阴间当中的黑暗界,1.塔尔塔罗斯2.极深层地狱,godofsleep,sonofNyx(Night)许普诺斯（睡神，夜神尼克斯之子）罗马神话中Somnus,GreekReligionfromHomericAge,Thanatos,inGreekmythology,thepersonificationofDeath,thesonofNight,andtwinbrotherofSleep.Thanatosisfrequentlyrepresentedasawingedspirit.InthemythofSisyphus,whenThanatosarrivedtocarryhimoff,SisyphusboundupThanatossothatnoonecoulddie,untilAres,thegodofwarinGreekmythology,freedThanatosandhandedSisyphusovertohim.,FromastatueoftheGreekGodHypnos,GreekReligionfromHomericAge,ZeusandhisCircleyoungestsonoftheTitansCronusandRheaOriginofthenameLordofthesky,raingod,cloudgathererWieldedthunderboltsHisbreastplate:theaegisHisbird:theeagleHistree:oakonMo