【英语】2011届高考二轮阅读理解专题-专题八 科普知识类

专题八科普知识类,专题八科普知识类,专题八专题导读,科普类文章是高考阅读理解中的难点题材，其取材密切联系当前经济和科技等方面的变化，以介绍某一科学现象居多。科普类文章具有结构严谨，逻辑性强等特点。其主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点：,专题八专题导读,1文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。2句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。3常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。,专题八真题再现,2010山东Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful，problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouri(MU)researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller，lighterandmoreefficient.,专题八真题再现,“Toprovideenoughpower，weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity(密度)，”saidJaeKwon，assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.“Theradioisotope(放射性同位素)batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery，presentlythesizeandthicknessofapenny，intendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanicalsystems(M/NEMS)Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns，Kwonsaidtheyaresafe.,专题八真题再现,“Peoplehearthewordnuclearandthinkofsomethingverydangerous，”hesaid.“However，nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices，suchaspacemakers，spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.”Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebatteryssize，butalsoinitssemiconductor(半导体)Kwonsbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.,专题八真题再现,“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy，partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶格结构)ofthesolidsemiconductor，”Kwonsaid.“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor，webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”,专题八真题再现,TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson，chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor，Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture，theyhopetoincreasethebatteryspower，shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatthebatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.,专题八真题再现,()1.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJaeKwon?A.HeteacheschemistryatMU.B.Hedevelopedachemicalbattery.C.Heisworkingonanuclearenergysource.D.Hemadeabreakthroughincomputerengineering.,专题八真题再现,()2.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4_.A.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyappliedB.toindicatenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyusedC.todescribeanuclearpoweredsystemD.tointroducevariousenergysources,专题八真题再现,()3.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto_.A.getridoftheradioactivewasteB.testthepowerofnuclearbatteriesC.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteriesD.reducethedamagetolatticestructure,专题八真题再现,()4.AccordingtoJaeKwon，hisnuclearbattery_.A.usesasolidsemiconductorB.willsoonreplacethepresentonesC.couldbeextremelythinD.haspassedthefinaltest()5.Thetextismostprobablya_.A.sciencenewsreportB.bookreviewC.newspaperadD.sciencefictionstory,专题八真题再现,【文章大意】本文属于科普类文章。主要介绍一种体积更小、能量更大、优点更多的新能源电池的开发。1.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段“JaeKwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.排除A项；参照第二段Theradioisotope(放射性同位素)batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”排除B项；文章无D项内容。参照第三段内容可推测C项正确。,专题八真题再现,2.B推理判断题。根据本段关键词“dangerous,safely”可知选B。3.D句意理解题。参照第六段“ThekeypartdamageByusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”4.C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Kwonsaidthatthebatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.”可以判断C项正确。5.A文章类型题。本文属于科普类，故很有可能是sciencenewsreport。,专题八专题预测,(一)Fromthefirstuseoftherockettocarrysatellitesintospace,tothesettingupofspacestations,humanbeingshavebeenputtinggreateffortintospaceresearch.Andsofar,wehaveachievedmanysuccesses.Buttherearestillnumeroustasksinfrontofusandweshouldnotceasetryingtoprogress.,专题八专题预测,Theinternationalspacestationisanimportantstepweshouldtakeinspaceexploration.Itisnotonlyhelpfulbutalsoessential.Itprovidesaproperspaceenvironmentformanyexperimentsthatwehavewantedtodoforalongtime.Itisalsoabaseforobservationsoftheearthandtheuniverse.ItcouldalsobeanimportantbaseforlatertraveltothemoonandMars.Inaword,ifwewanttoexplorespacemore,thefirstthingweshoulddoistosetupaspacestation.,专题八专题预测,Asthespacestationcostsalotofmoney,itishardforonecountryalonetoestablishone.TheUSAseemstobetheonlycountrythathastheabilitytobuildaspacestationalone,andithastriedtodoso,butnotverysuccessful.Soitaggregatedmanyothercountriestoworkonittogether.Thoughitisstillextremelyexpensive,itismuchcheaperthandoingitalone.Itisreallyajobthatneedseveryoneseffortandwillbenefiteveryone.,专题八专题预测,Butevenso,thefundsneededarestillabigproblem.AsfortheUSA,itseemsthatithastoomanythingstospenditsmoneyon.Althoughitistherichestcountryintheworld,ithasmuchdebteveryyear.Ithastomakearrangementsaboutitsfinance,andtrytofindabalanceinalltheseissues.,专题八专题预测,()1.Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardsbuildinganddevelopingtheinternationalspacestation?ASupportive.BDoubtful.CCritical.DDissatisfied.,专题八专题预测,()2.FromParagraph2wecanconcludethat_.AthenecessityofbuildingtheinternationalspacestationisnotrealizednowBmanyexperimentshavebeendoneintheinternationalspacestationCtheinternationalspacestationisnecessaryforpeopletoexplorespacemoreDpeoplehavetraveledtoMarsfromtheinternationalspacestation,专题八专题预测,()3.WhichofthefollowingsisNOTareasonforcountriescooperationinbuildingtheinternationalspacestation?AThatitrequiresalotofmoney.BThatitneedseveryoneseffort.CThatitwillbenefiteveryparticipationcountry.DThatitistoofarawayfromtheearth.,专题八专题预测,()4.Theunderlinedword“aggregated”inparagraph3canbereplacedby“_”AunitedBscoldedCallowedDforbade()5.WhichofthefollowingaspectsaboutbuildingtheinternationalspacestationisNOTmentionedinthepassage?ADifficulties.BAchievements.CSignificance.DSpecificarrangements.,专题八专题预测,【文章大意】本文谈论建立国际空间站的问题。国际空间站对于人类探索太空起着至关重要的作用。由于耗资巨大，即使财大气粗的美国有能力建造但效果欠佳，于是寻求与他国合作。现在人们正在探索解决问题的新途径。1A推理判断题。根据第一段“weshouldnotceasetryingtoprogress”和文中作者说话的语气可知，作者对建设国际空间站持支持态度。,专题八专题预测,2C推理判断题。根据第二段“Inaword,ifwewanttoexplorespacemore,thefirstthingweshoulddoistosetupaspacestation”可知，国际空间站是进行太空探索所必须的。3D细节理解题。根据第三段“Asthespacestationcostsalotofmoney”和“Itisreallyajobthatneedseveryoneseffortandwillbenefiteveryone”可知，A、B、C三项均提到了，而文章没有提到D。,专题八专题预测,4A词义猜测题。由该词所在的语境可知，发展国际空间站耗资巨大，因此美国联合其他一些国家共同来建设该工程，也就是该词的意思相当于united。5D细节理解题。第三段提到了建设国际空间站面临的困难，第一段提到了已经取得的成就，第二段提到了其重要性，但是文中没有涉及具体细节安排，故答案为D。,专题八专题预测,(二)Scientistsareincreasinglywarningthatsittingforlongperiodsevenifyoualsoexerciseregularlycouldbebadforyourhealth.Anditdoesntmatterwherethesittingtakesplaceattheoffice,atschool,inthecarorbeforeacomputerorTVjusttheoverallnumberofhoursitoccurs.Severalstudiessuggestpeoplewhospendmostoftheirdayssittingaremorelikelytobefat,haveaheartattackorevendie.,专题八专题预测,Whilehealthofficialshaveissuedguidelinesrecommendingminimumamountsofphysicalactivity,theyhaventsuggestedpeopletrytolimithowmuchtimetheyspendinaseatedposition.“Afterfourhoursofsitting,thebodystartstosendharmfulsignals，”saidEkblomBakoftheSwedishSchoolofSportandHealthSciences.Sheexplainedthatgenesregulating(调节)theamountofglucose(葡萄糖)andfatinthebodystarttoshutdown.,专题八专题预测,Evenforpeoplewhoexercise,spendinglongperiodsoftimesittingatadeskisstillharmful.TimArmstrong,aphysicalactivityexpertattheWorldHealthOrganization,saidpeoplewhoexerciseeverydaybutstillspendalotoftimesittingmightgetmorebenefitifthatexercisewerespreadacrosstheday,ratherthaninasinglebout(一回).,专题八专题预测,Still,inastudypublishedin2009thattracked(跟踪调查)morethan17,000Canadiansforaboutadozenyears,researchersfoundpeoplewhosatmorehadahigherdeathrisk,whetherornottheyexercised.Expertssaidmoreresearchisneededtofigureoutjusthowmuchsittingisdangerous,andwhatmightbepossibletooffsetthoseeffects.,专题八专题预测,“Peopleshouldkeepexercisingbecausethathasalotofbenefits，”EkblomBaksaid.“Butwhentheyreintheoffice,theyshouldtrytointerruptsittingasoftenaspossible，”shesaid.()1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?ANosittingtoomuchwhileworking.BSideeffectsofsittingtoomuch.CSittingtoomuchcouldbedeadly.DMoreandmorepeoplesittoomuch.,专题八专题预测,()2.Theunderlinedword“offset”mostprobablymeans_.AimproveBavoidCignoreDincrease,专题八专题预测,()3.Accordingtotheresearches,_.AthosewhooftensittoolongmustgrowfatorsufferfromaheartattackBregularexercisecangreatlybalancetheeffectsofsittingtoolongCtheamountofthetimespentinsittingcantbemorethan8hoursadayDitisrightforapersonnottositformorethanfourhoursinasinglebout,专题八专题预测,()4.Thedangersofsittingtoomuchhappenbecauseitcan_.Adestroytheb