短文改错解题指导PPT课件

.,1,短文改错解题指导,.,2,短文改错考查发现和纠正错误的能力。它是测试写作能力的一种客观方式。这种题型不仅要求能够牢固掌握一定的词汇和语法知识，还要求具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。考生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。,解题指导,.,3,解题步骤第一步：通读全文，了解大意。通过浏览全文，从宏观上把握文章的主旨、时态、人称，为下一步的纠错做好准备。第二步：逐句推敲，纠正错误。仔细阅读每个句子，同时找出并纠正错误。第三步：重读全文，修正答案。重新仔细阅读全文，检查已修改的部分是否正确且符合逻辑，并尽可能发现漏掉的错误。,.,4,应试策略做短文改错时，应注意以下情况：1.看到平行结构时，要检查是否有用词不一致或成分缺失而引起的句子不平衡错误；2.看到转折、因果、对比等结构时，要检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误；3.看到多重结构句时，要检查是否有时态、语态、引导词或成分残缺等错误；,.,5,4.看到名词、代词结构时，要检查是否有数、格或指代不一致的错误；5.看到固定短语、词组时，要检查副词、介词、冠词等是否有使用错误或缺失。,.,6,考点归纳,短文改错涉及面广，综合性强，但是有一定的规律性。一、冠词。主要考查冠词表示泛指、特指的用法及固定搭配中冠词的使用。1.andfishwascaught.(陕西2013)解：不定冠词。“一条鱼被抓住了”。fish在本句中是单数可数名词，是泛指，故在前面加不定冠词a。,.,7,2.Asaresult,nobodyknewtruth.(浙江2012)解：定冠词the。此处指特定的真相，应在truth前加the。3.Inafact,heeven.(2013新课标全国I)解：infact是固定短语，应去掉a。,.,8,二、名词。主要考查可数名词和不可数名词辨析、可数名词单复数等。1.Hehasruinedhishealthy.(辽宁2013)解：名词用法。his是形容词性物主代词，其后应接名词，故应将healthy改为health。2.Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeard.(2013新课标全国I)解：名词单复数。“宽厚的肩膀”应用broadshoulders，将shoulder改为复数形式。,.,9,三、动词。主要考查动词的时态、语态等。1.Iwasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.(2013新课标全国I)解：动词时态。主句是一般过去时，when引导的时间状语从句也应用一般过去时，故应将passes改为passed。2.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.(2013新课标全国II)解：动词语态。tea与drink之间是被动关系，用被动语态，将drank改为drunk。,.,10,四、形容词、副词。主要考查形容词和副词的词性、比较级和最高级、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的形容词辨析等。1.Interesting,ithadaconnection.(2013新课标全国II)解：副词可以放在句首，用作状语修饰后面的整个句子，并用逗号与后面的句子分开，这里应将Interesting改为Interestingly，表示“有趣的是”。类似的副词还有surprisingly,naturally,hopefully,normally等。,.,11,2.Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.(2013新课标全国I)解：副词用法。这句话的意思是“我清楚地记得我的（外）祖父”。verymuch表示“很，非常”，不能用来修饰remember，应将much改为well或clearly。,.,12,3.Iwasbeginningtogetimpatiently.(陕西2013)解：get在本句中是系动词，“达到某状态或情况；变得”，后应接形容词，应将impatiently改为impatient。4.IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.(2012新课标全国)解：形容词比较级。and前是比较级，后面也应该是比较级，应将little改为less。,.,13,5.Iamawfullytiring.(浙江2013)解：动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的形容词辨析。由语境可知，本句的意思是“我非常累”，故应将tiring改为tired。,.,14,五、代词。主要考查各类代词的用法及其误加与漏用。1.Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothers.(2013新课标全国卷I)解：which指代的是voice，从句意为“声音将他和其他人区分开来”，从语意上看此处不需要使用反身代词，故应将himself改为him。,.,15,2.Dadlosthisjob,andasMomexplained,“Hewasluckytofindotherone.”(浙江2013)解：other和another的区别。other表示“其他的，别的”，其后常接可数名词复数；another表示“另一个”，其后常接可数名词单数。此处表示“另一份工作”，故应将other改为another。,.,16,3.Wetookoursfishingpolesandheadedforthelake.(陕西2013)解：名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的区别。前者后面不接名词，后者后面接名词。本句中物主代词的后面有名词fishingpoles，故应将ours改为our。,.,17,六、介词。考查介词意义、用法及固定搭配。1.ithadaconnectionbytheBritishporcelain(瓷器)industry.(2013新课标全国II)解：介词的用法。表示“和有关系”用介词with或to。by表示“被；凭借；经由；由于”。故应将by改为with或to。2.Everyday,hespendstoomuchtimewithhiswork.(辽宁2013)解：固定搭配。spendtimewithsb./onsth.是固定搭配，故应将with改为on。,.,18,七、连词。主要从逻辑关系角度考查连词的误用，或从成分缺失的角度考查连词的漏用。1.Iwantedtogiveup,andmygrandfathertoldmetowaitalittlelonger.(陕西2013)解：连词的误用。“我想放弃”和“我的（外）祖父告诉我再等一会儿”之间是转折关系，用and连接不符合逻辑关系，应将and改为but。,.,19,2.Hehadadeepvoice,which.,hewasstrongandpowerful.(2013新课标全国I)解：通过分析句子结构可知，这是一个并列句，且前一个分句中包含一个定语从句。两个分句之间，即hewas前应加连词and。,.,20,八、从句的引导词。主要考查从句引导词的误用。.betweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8oclockatnight.(2013新课标全国II)解：非限制性定语从句的引导词。逗号后面的部分是非限制性定语从句，修饰dinner。非限制性定语从句修饰物时关系代词用which不用that。,.,21,2.Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.(辽宁2013)解：表语从句的引导词。表语从句中的say缺少宾语，故应将which改为what。3.Butbeforelongtheybegantoseewhichwashappening.(2012新课标全国)解：宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中缺少主语，应将which改为what。,.,22,九、主谓一致。主要考查主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致性。1.Goodnightandremember,you,deardiary,ismyonlysouvenirfrommypastlifeandmyonlyfriend.(浙江2013)解：主语和谓语在人称上的一致性。本句是由and连接的并列复合句，后一分句中包含一个宾语从句。宾语从句的真正主语是you（deardiary是它的同位语，起解释说明的作用），其对应的谓语应该是are，故应将is改为are。,.,23,2.Hardworkhavemadehimveryill.(辽宁2013)解：主语和谓语在数上的一致性。本句的主语Hardwork是不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数，应将have改为has。,.,24,十、非谓语动词。1.Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridge.(2013新课标全国II)解：动词-ing形式短语作主语。provides在句中作谓语，其前面的部分是主语，应将Have改为Having。2.Felthungry,webuiltafirebythelakeandbarbecuedthefish.(陕西2013)解：动词-ing形式短语作原因状语。we和feel是主谓关系，应将Felt改为Feeling。,.,25,3.Ialsoshared.myfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.(陕西2012)解：过去分词短语的用法。过去分词短语放在所修饰词后面，作用接近于一个定语从句。photos和take是被动关系，应将taking改为taken。,.,26,十一、固定搭配或习惯用法。1.Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.(2013新课标全国I)解：usedtodosth.固定搭配，过去的状态、习惯做法或习俗，应将holding改为hold。容易混淆：beusedtodosth.某物被用来干某事；beusedtodoingsth.习惯干某事。2.Tomakemattersbad,nowIhavetosharearoomwithmyyoungersister,Maggie.(浙江2013)解：tomakemattersworse固定短语，“更为糟糕的是”，放句首作状语。,.,27,3.whenthingsdidwrong,Igotangry.(2012新课标全国)解：gowrong是固定搭配，“出错”，故应将did改为went或在did后加go。很多东西看似复杂，但只要找到其中的规律就会发现还是很容易的。短文改错题亦是如此。相信认真读完这篇解题指导后定能够更快更准地解答这一题型。,.,28,DearDiary,HereIaminthemiddleofacity,350milesfarawayfromourfarmhouse.Doyouwanttoknowwhywemovelastweek?DadlosthisjobandasMomexplained,“Hewasluckytofindotherone.”HisnewjobmeantIhadtosaygoodbyetomyclassmate,myschool,orjusteverythingelseIloveintheworld.Tomakemattersbad,nowIhavetosharearoomwithmyyoungersister,Maggie.Tomorrowisfirstdayofschool.Iamawfullytiring,butIknowIwillneverfallsleep.Goodnightandrememberyou,deardiary,ismyonlysouvenirfrommypastlifeandmyonlyfriend.,真题自测,.,29,2013浙江1.far去掉(far已被350miles代替了)2.movemoved(lastweek,过去式)3.otheranother(“另一个”,用another;other“其他的”)4.classmateclassmates5.orand(并列,不是选择)6.badworse(tomakemattersworse是固定短语)7.在first前加上my/the8.tiringtired(人用tired;tiring指物)9.sleepasleep(形容词作表语,fallasleep睡着)10.isare(you,deardiary,ismyonlysouvenir.friend作remember的宾语,主语是you;deardiary是you的同位语;myonlysouvenir是表语.此句的be动词应跟主语you相一致,用are.),.,30,巩固练习,文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（第11处起）不计分。,.,31,AMyuncleabsolutehatedhiswifescatanddecidedtogetridofhimonedaybydrivinghim20blockfromhishomeandleavinghimatthepark.Asshewasgettinghome,thecatwaswalkingupthedriveway.Thenextdayhedecidestodrivethecat40blocksaway.Heputthecatoutandheadedhome.Drivebackuphisdriveway,therewasthecat!Atthelasthedecidedtodrivefarawayuntilhereachedthathethoughtwasasafedistancefromhishomeandleftthecatthere.Hourslatehecalledhiswife,“Jen,isthecatthere?”“No,”hiswifeanswered.Thenhesaid,“Puthimonthephone.Ilostwayandneeddirections!”,.,32,Keys：1.absoluteabsolutely2.blockblocks3.shehe4.decidesdecided5.DriveDriving6.(Atthelast)去掉the7.(hereachedthathe)thatwhat8.latelater9.NoYes10.way前加my,.,33,BIcanneverforgetthedaythenIwenttohaveapianotest.Unluckily,anexaminerwhoappearedratherseriousandstrictwassittingintheroom.Knownthatmanystudentshadfailedthetest,IfelttoonervousthatIwonderedwhetherIcouldpassit.Thenitwasmyturnsandmyheartalmostskippedabeat.However,whenenteringtheroom,itsuddenlyoccurstomethatIcouldtakethisasarareandpreciouschancetochallengeme.Verytomysurprise,theteacher,satisfyingwithmyperformance,gavemehighmarks.Whateverwefacewith,weshouldtryourbesttohandleit.Onlydoingthiscanwesucceedintheend.,.,34,Keys：1.thenwhen或去掉then2.KnownKnowing3.tooso4.turnsturn5.occursoccurred6.(tochallengeme)memyself7.VeryMuch8.satisfyingsatisfied9.(wefacewith)去掉with10.Only后加by,.,35,CIsonlinereadinggoodtous?Opinionsdiffer.Defendersinsistonlinereadingcanarousestudentsinterestsinreading.Also,theInternetoffersmuchwidechoicesthanpaperbooks.Critics,thus,holdtheoppositeopinions.Theysaythoughonlinereadinghasbeenmakingmoreinterestingbycartoonsorpictures,thisisnotreallyreading.Whatsmore,manymaterialsthatareofferedontheInternetdoesnogoodtoyoungreaders.Finally,exposedtothecomputerscreenforlongharmsoureyes.IthinkparentsshouldchooseproperbooksforyouandIalsosuggestparentstohelpusformthehabitofcriticalreading.,.,36,Keys：1.erestsinterest3.widewider4.thushowever5.makingmade6.reallyreal7.doesdo8.exposed前加being9.(booksforyou)youus10.suggestparentsto.去掉to或toshould或suggestadvise,.,37,DThismorning,Igotothestorenearmyhometodosomeshopping.IgaveaviolentlycoughwhileIwaswalkingdownthepassage.Thewomanstandingnexttomewassoshockingthatsheconsequentlydroppedajarofoil.Forthatverymoment,agirlwaswalkingby.Sheslippedontheoil,fellontothebrokeglassandhitherheadonthefloor.Afterawhile,therewerebloodpourdownherface.Ifeltreallyguiltyandsentthegirltothenearesthospitalwithoutthedelay.Thedoctorexaminedherwoundcarefully.Tomyrelief,itwasnotserious.Thegirlhadalittlesmileonherfacebeforethedoctordressedwound.,.,38,Keys：1.gowent2.violentlyviolent3.shockingshocked4.ForAt5.brokebroken6.werewas7.pourpouring8.(withoutthedelay)去掉the9.beforeafter10.wound前加the或her,.,39,ECanyouimaginewearaprettysweatermadeofgarbage?Itcouldnothappen!Afewcompaniesacrossthecountryaremakingclothesfromthingsthosearethrownawaybypeople.Forexample,thecompanymakessweatersfromoldplasticbottles.First,thebottlesarecutintosmallpiece.Thepiecesaremelted.Thenthemeltingplasticismadeintolongandthinthreads.Thethreadsareusedtomakingsweaterswhichareverysoftandlight.Believeitnot,thesesweaterssellwellinspiteofthefactthattheyarenotexpensiveatall.Manypeoplethinkthattheserecycledclothescanhelpuscutupongarbage.,.,40,Keys:1.wearwearing2.去掉not3.thosethat/which4.(thecompanymakes)thea5.piecepieces6.meltingmelted7.makingmake8.(Believeitnot)not前加or9.expensivecheap10.updown,.,41,FOnceRabbitdeclaredloudlythathewasthefastest.ThinkingwhatRabbitwastooproud,Frogwasannoyinganddecidedtoteachhimalesson.HechallengedRabbitforaracethroughsomethickgrassdowntothetownpond.Rabbitdisagreed.Onthedayoftherace,Frogplayedwithatrick.Manyofhisfrogfriendshidinthethickgrass,onebigjumpapartfromoneanother.Rabbitranasfasterashecouldthroughthegrass,andnomatterhowfastheran,Frogwasalwaysonejumpaheadofhim.BythetimeRabbitgottoapond,hewasrunningfasttostop.