中国文化英语教程unite2

Unit2LaozisPhilosophyofNon-action,Name：陈立影20162213010王典20162213026,Content,LaozisLifeandThoughtNaturalnessandNon-actionThePhilosophyofNon-contentionReturningtoaNewbornState,LaozisLifeandThought,Laozi(571-471BC)wealsocalledhimLaoDanisareclusewholivedduringtheSpringandAutumnPerio.Hewassaidtohaveonceheldalowcivilpositionintheroyalcourt,inchargeofthearchivalrecordsoftheZhouDynasty.TheClassicoftheWayandVirtueistheLaoziswork,whichconsistsofjust5000Chinesecharacters.Itslengthisshort,butitsthebasisofDaoismandtheessenceofLaozisthought.,NaturalnessandNon-action,ManyofLaozisenlighteningviewsarebasedonLaozisphilosophyofnaturalnessandnon-action.“Naturalness”meansthateverythinghasitsownlaws,humansshouldnotbreakthelawofnature.Thisisalsothewaytoresolvingtheconflictsbetweenhumansandnature.Non-actionistheguaranteeof“naturalness”.Andmeansthathumanenterprisesshouldbebuildonthebasisofnaturalness,notonanyatenmptstointerrupttherhythmofnature.,AfterLaozi,Zhuangzi(369-286BC)carriedonLaozisphilosophyandtoldastoryabouta“uselesstree”.Thestoryisaboutasupertreeandacarpenter.Whilepeoplethrongedtoworshipit,thecarpenterpassedwithoutalook.Andhisapprenticewascurious.Thecarpentertoldhimthatthetreeproductuselesswoodthatwasthereasonwhyithadbeenabletolivesolong.Thewiasdomofthe“uselesstree”liesexactlyinitsuselessness,oritsnaturalness.,Whatis“Non-action”?,Wuwei:means”non-action”or”totakethingslettheirowncourse”,proposedbyLaoZi,isnotdoingnothing,butcomplytonature,excludestheunnecessaryindulging,andnotreluctantlyusingpeoplespowertointerferethenaturalorsociallawsowndevelopment.老子提出无为，不是什么也不做，而是指要顺应自然，排除不必要的妄为，不要强求人事。,ThePhilosophyofNon-contention,Onthebasisof“naturalness”and“non-action”,Laoziproposedtheviewof“overcomingthestrongbybeingweak”.Thisviewisbasedontheexistenceofwar.AccordingtoLaozi,warspringsfromhumanitysbloateddesires.Andhethoughtthegreatestvirtueislikewater.WaterisinvinciblebecauseitnourishesalllivingthingsonEarthanddesiresandcontendsfornothing.Waterisweak,howereithasalotofenergy.Ifhumanscanlearnfromwater,manyconflictswillbeavoided.,ReturningtoaNewbornState,Laozibelievedthatsageswhohadthehighestvirtueallresemblednewborns.Thehighistcultivationwastoreturntothestateofanewbornbaby.Howere,afterthebirth,theoriginallypuremindsbecometaintedwithchaoticcolorswiththeirgrowth.Humancultureoftenturnintobloateddesires.Thiswillleadtowar.Bloateddesirehasdamagedtheeaternalworldaswellaspoisonedthehumanmind.Desiredisturbspeaceofmind.,TheTaoism,Whatis”theway”?Itistheruleofthenature.Weneedtoobservethenatureandunderstandingthewayofit,sothatwecanuseittobenefitu