干细胞英文ppt.ppt

INTRODUCTIONOFSTEMCELLTECHNOLOGY,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,ImportanceofStemCellResearch,1998-Researchersfirstextractstemcellsfromhumanembryos1999-FirstSuccessfulhumantransplantofinsulin-makingcellsfromcadavers2001-PresidentBushrestrictsfederalfundingforembryonicstem-cellresearch2002-JuvenileDiabetesResearchFoundationInternationalcreates$20millionfund-raisingefforttosupportstem-cellresearch2002-Californiaokstemcellresearch2004-Harvardresearchersgrowstemcellsfromembryosusingprivatefunding2004-Ballotmeasurefor$3Billionbondforstemcells,StemCellHistory,StemCellDefinition,Acellthathastheabilitytocontinuouslydivideanddifferentiate(develop)intovariousotherkind(s)ofcells/tissues,StemCellCharacteristics,Blankcells(unspecialized)Capableofdividingandrenewingthemselvesforlongperiodsoftime(proliferationandrenewal)Havethepotentialtogiverisetospecializedcelltypes(differentiation),KindsofStemCells,Dr.HariomYadav,StemCellDifferentiation,Dr.HariomYadav,PrincetonUniversity,KindsofStemCells,Embryonicstemcellscomefromafivetosix-day-oldembryo.Theyhavetheabilitytoformvirtuallyanytypeofcellfoundinthehumanbody.Embryonicgermcellsarederivedfromthepartofahumanembryoorfoetusthatwillultimatelyproduceeggsorsperm(gametes).Adultstemcellsareundifferentiatedcellsfoundamongspecialisedordifferentiatedcellsinatissueororganafterbirth.Basedoncurrentresearchtheyappeartohaveamorerestrictedabilitytoproducedifferentcelltypesandtoself-renew.,BlastocystDiagram,PrincetonUniversity,SexualReproduction,TheAssociationofReproductiveHealthProfessionals,StagesofEmbryogenesis,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,DerivationandUseofEmbryonicStemCellLines,Heartmuscle,Kidney,“Specialsauce”(largelyunknown),Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,Embryonicstemcells,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,Adultstemcells,Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,Applications,DiseaseDiabetes,Spinalcordinjury,Parkinsonsdisease,heartdiseaseGeneticbasedDiseaseCysticfibrosis,Huntingtons,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,UnknownsinStemCell/CloningResearch,Itisuncertainthathumanembryonicstemcellsinvitrocangiverisetoallthedifferentcelltypesoftheadultbody.Itisunknownifstemcellsculturedinvitro(apartfromtheembryo)willfunctionasthecellsdowhentheyarepartofthedevelopingembryo,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,?,ChallengestoStemCell/CloningResearch,Stemcellsneedtobedifferentiatedtotheappropriatecelltype(s)beforetheycanbeusedclinically.Recently,abnormalitiesinchromosomenumberandstructurewerefoundinthreehumanESClines.,ChallengestoStemCell/CloningResearch,Stemcelldevelopmentorproliferationmustbecontrolledonceplacedintopatients.Possibilityofrejectionofstemcelltransplantsasforeigntissuesisveryhigh.,ChallengestoStemCell/CloningResearch,Contaminationbyviruses,bacteria,fungi,andMycoplasmapossible.Theuseofmouse“feeder”cellstogrowESCcouldresultinproblemsduetoxenotransplantation(complicatingFDArequirementsforclinicaluse).,Stemcellandcloning,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,Immunerejection,Somaticcellnucleartransfer,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav,5/26/2020,Dr.HariomYadav