书法与中国文化(中美书法文化交流)

书法与中国文化,CalligraphyandChineseculture余玉湖YuhuYuPH.DXiamenUniversity,ChinaEmail:yuyuhu2005,一、书法概述Calligraphyoverview,书法概述,书法与中国文化,书法：是以书写汉字为基础，通过布白、结构、用笔及点画运动来表现意蕴、情感的艺术。,Chinesecalligraphyisanartbasedonchinesecharacters,showingtheemotionandspiritoftheauthorbythestructureofthecharacters,thelayoutofthepaperandthewaytousethebrush.,美国前总统布什夫人用中国毛笔书写“永”字Itisfamousaroundtheworldthatthereisatryfromafamousperson:thefistladyofAmerica,二、书法的语言,书法是一种艺术书法是一种理念书法是一种精神Thelanguageofcalligraphy,中国书法之所以能成为一门独特艺术，同其使用的的工具材料密切相关，离开这些工具材料难以表达书法艺术的韵味，这就是书法语言。书法的工具称为“文房四宝”：笔、墨、纸、砚。,书法概述,书法与中国文化,書法用具介紹,文房四宝：ThetoolofChinesecalligraphy:fourtreasuresinaliteratesstudy(笔、墨、纸、砚),brush四德Fouradvantages：“尖sharpHomogeneous齐圆roundstrong健”,笔,brush四德:Theendofthebrush:sharpWhenthepinchusually,very:TidyThemiddleofbrush:roundThehairofthebrush:evenandstrong,硬毫,软毫,兼毫,惟笔软则奇怪生焉。东汉蔡邕,笔：分大楷、中楷及小楷，斗笔。,笔,笔毛：紫毫(野兔毛，硬)狼毫(黃鼠狼，硬)羊毫(羊，軟)兼毫(狼毫內羊毫外，剛好),分松烟墨、油烟墨、漆烟墨。,墨,四德：Thefourcharacters:delicate,light,blackandclear.细、轻、黑、清,细、轻、黑、清,墨,Chineseink墨ChineseinkinHuizhou徽墨Thefourcharacters:delicate,light,blackandclear.,以“徽宣”最为著名。可分为：生宣、熟宣Paper紙artpaperinXuanzhou宣紙Thedifferentabilitytoabsorbtheink:rawpaperandtreatedpaper.,纸,广东的端砚和安徽的歙砚闻名天下Inkslab/inkstone硯inkstoneinDuanzhou端硯.Pigmentforpainting,砚,三、汉字的魅力,Thecharmofchinesecharacter,汉字的内涵,汉字，亦称中文字、中国字、国字，是汉字文化圈广泛使用的一种文字，属于表意文字的词素音节文字。Chinesecharacterisusedinthewholeculturecircle,anditisspecialbecauseitisideography,andMorphemesmorpho-syllabic.,汉字的起源,仓颉造字说.Inlegend,Chinesecharactermadebycangjie.目前，中国史学界较普遍的一种说法是:中国文字源始于殷商。ByacademicscholarstheoriginofChinesecharacterisinyinshangperiod.,图1.1仓颉像图1.2仓颉造字,图1.3仓颉造的字,图1.4仓颉造字台Cangjiecharactertower,汉字的构造：六书Thewaycharactersform,六书是汉字构字的基本原理。“六书”构造原理：象形、指事、会意、形声、转注、假借。,象形Imitatetheshape,象形文字是东方文明的载体HieroglyphicsisOrientalcivilizationcarrier,指事Pointthemeaning,会意Suggestion,书体演变,甲骨文OracleBoneInscription篆書SealInscription:StartedinQindynasty,dividedintogreatersealscriptandlessersealscript.Fontisslightlytaller,everystrokeisroundandsilky,patternbeauty隸書ClericalInscription:StartedinQin,popularedinHanandWeiShapedstructure,balance,stability楷書RegularInscription:DevelopedintheendofHan,popularedinTangandlaterturnedintotheexaminationstyle,rigor,rule行書RunningInscription:StartedinJinandhascombinedthestrengthofregularinscriptionandcursiveinscription,dashing,degage,rakish,trig.草書CursiveInscription:StartedinthebeginningofHan,splendidineastJinRichinvariation,lavishinginstrokes.,甲骨文OracleBoneInscription,刻畫或書寫在龜甲獸骨上的文字，大多是卜辭。,Bronzeinscriptions金文(鐘鼎文),刻在銅器上的文字。,大小,篆,篆,大篆书,小篆书,sealcharacter,刻在銅器上的文字。,隶书,隶书,officialscript,褚遂良书圣教序,楷书,regularscript,唐怀素苦笋帖狂草,草书,CursiveInscription,王羲之兰亭序,行书,RunningInscription,规范行书,Standardscript,書法家：王羲之,Chinesecalligrapher-WangXizhi,四、书写规范,TheRulesofHowtoWrite,ThePostureofWriting-Sittingposture,ThePostureofWriting-Standingposture,坐姿：头正、肩宽、腰直、脚平,五指执笔法,Thefivefingersholdingmethod,正确的写字姿势是：身直、头正、臂开、足开。身坐端正。两肩摆平，腰背自然伸直，并略向前倾，胸口离桌沿一拳左右：头正、微向前倾，眼睛与纸面的距离应保持一尺左右；两臂自然向左右张开，小臂平放在桌面上，左手按纸，右手握笔，使笔杆略斜偏向右侧，不是在鼻粱正前方，笔尖却落在鼻梁正前方；两脚自然平放在地上，与肩同宽。如图一所示。,五指法五指法,擫：大拇指（ye）thumb押：食指indexfinger鉤：中指middlefinger格：無名指theringfinger抵：小指littlefinger掌虛指實：手指和掌心之間，形成約和雞蛋大小的空隙。,永字八法（唐代僧智永提出）,侧点为侧，如鸟翩然侧下,勒l横为勒，如勒马之用缰,努竖为努，用力也,趯yu趯为跃，貌与跳跃同,策左上为策如策马之用鞭,掠左下为掠如篦之掠发,啄右上为啄如鸟之啄物,磔zh(即“捺（n）”)右下为磔裂牲谓之磔笔锋开张也,四书法作品幅（款）式,ThedesignandpatternofChinesecalligraphy,大致有：横竖方圆等幅式Horizonal/Vertical/Square/Circle/fan,横幅（横披）,书法幅式,竖幅（条幅）,斗方Square,圆Circular,扇面Sector,书法幅式,五书法的韵律美,TheRhythmofChineseCalligraphy,（笔画的具象/力感/动感）,晋卫夫人笔阵图：,(点)如高峰坠石(一横)如千里阵云(竖)如万岁枯藤,书法美（线）,线条本身的美感TheBeautyoftheLines,线条组合的美感（笔画的意象组合）Thebeautyofthecompositionofthestrokes,。,书法美（线条组合）,毛泽东沁园春雪,章法韵律美,Thebeautyofthelayoutofthecharacters,王羲之兰亭序Wangxizhitheperfaceoftheorchidpavilion,结字韵律美Thebeautyofeachcharacters,用笔韵律美Thebeautyoftheusingofthebrush,情感韵律美Thebeautyoftheemotionenvolved,六书法美如何欣赏,Howtoappreciateacalligraphywork,把握第一感觉。Getthefirstimpression,远镜头：从形式、墨色、布白、律动等方面，捕捉整体气势、神采和韵致。,特写：笔墨的点画技巧；线条的缓急、刚柔、动静、曲直、虚实、使转、浓淡、枯润等。从线条造型看作品体现的复杂的意境和情趣。,书法欣赏法,Getthestrokeandtherhythminthestructuresofeachcharactersandthepage,汉张芝冠军帖,审美感受：铁画银钩，一泻千里,名作简赏,远看气势，近看笔法。Fromfar,nearposition,Catchfeelingfromfardistance,andtastethewayofbrushgoingfromnearplaceThecharacterofthiswork:thedroppingoftheriver,东晋王羲之寒切帖审美感受：飘若浮云矫若惊龙,名作简赏,东晋王羲之二谢帖,审美感受：行云流水、潇洒流便,名作简赏,审美感受：连绵萦绕,气势豪迈,东晋王献之中秋帖,名作简赏,书法作为情感的表现：静观，细品,弘一绝笔：悲欣交集,弘一像,七书法创造的意境,Theartisticconceptionofcalligraphy,书法艺术：源于生活Catchthespiritofthedailylife.造法自然Imitatethenature王羲之与鹅,书法意境,张旭观公孙大娘舞剑Thefeelingofswordd