高考复习 虚拟语气专讲

虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood(I),GRAMMER语法,陈述语气Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhadntcomebackhomeyet.祈使语气Letsgo.Donttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.,一.语气的分类,虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon.,条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。,a.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。,真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思。,时态关系句型:条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.,Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined,答案B真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。,注意：在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shall,will.(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.,二.if虚拟条件句的概念,由if引导的虚拟条件句叫作if虚拟条件句IcouldeasilyrecognizeifIhadseenhimbefore.,三.ifSentenceStructureif虚拟条件句的结构,a.表示与现在事实相反的假设b.表示与过去事实相反的假设c.表示与将来事实相反的假设,1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。,虚拟语气,IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.,Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould,IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.,IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.,IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.,Ifitwerefinenow,Iwouldgoshopping.,a.Ifthey_(be)here,they_(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_(burst)outagain,what_(happen)toourpeopleonearth?,were,wouldtake,burst,wouldhappen,PRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.,c.Ifthepoliceman_(benot)inthatroom,it_(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_(be)inyourposition,I_(ask)forteachershelp.,werenot,couldbe,were,wouldask,2.与过去的事实相反,从句的谓语用had过去分词,构成IfI(we,you,he,they)had过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/mighthave动词过去分词。,Ifhe_morecarefully,he_thecaraccidentyesterday.,haddriven,wouldnothavehad,IfI_howtoswim,I_trappedinthisisland.,hadlearnt,wouldnothavebeen,a.IfTom_(be)morecarefulintheexam,he_(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_(get)upearlier,you_(catch)thefirsttrain.,hadbeen,wouldhavepassed,hadgot,wouldhavecaught,PRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.,c.IfI_(meet)youyesterday,we_(go)totheconcerttogether.,hadmet,wouldhavegone,3.与将来事实相反,从句的谓语用IfI(we,you,he,they)动词过去式或weretodo或shoulddo形式,主句谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might动词原形。,Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime.,假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？,Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.,假如他看见我,就会认识我。,Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.,a.Ifthere_(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we_(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What_(happen)ifyou_(getup)toolatetomorrow?,shouldbe,shouldmake,wouldhappen,shouldgetup,PRACTICE3:Fillintheblanks,c.IfRobots_(control)theworldsomeday,here_(be)nofriendship.,weretocontrol,wouldbe,二.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。,1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。,IwishIwereastallasyou.,IwishIwereabird.,Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.,Iwish/wishedIhadnteatensomuchwatermelon.,(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。,Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.,(3)表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形式为“would动词原形”。,注意:主句的主语与从句的主要不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。但愿你立刻来。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.,Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.,过去时形式,would/should/could/might+动词原形,Ifwehadenoughmoney,wewouldbuyacomputernow.,过去时形式,Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldstayathome.,wereto+动词原形,IfIweretoask,wouldyouhelpme?,should+动词原形,Ifitshouldbenecessary,Icouldcomeatsix.,过去完成时,would/should/could/might+havedone,Ifyouhadgotthereearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.,wish后的宾语从句,针对现状表达愿望（与事实相反）,过去时形式,IwishIhadalittlelabofmyown.,对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔,过去完成形式,Iwishyouhadletmeknowearlier.,针对将来表达愿望（虽然可能性极小，但有实现的可能）,would/could/might+动词原形,Shesincerelywishedthatshemightdosomethingtocomforthim.,wish后的宾语从句中常用were代替wasIwishTessawereherenow.动词hope后面不用虚拟语气，而用相应的时态表示与过去,现在或将来有关的希望Ihopeshewasntlate.Ihopeheisready.Ihopehewillcometomorrow.Iwishshehadnotbeenlate.Iwishhewereready.Iwish