自考英语(二)课文语法讲解unit 4 work is a blessing.ppt

unit4workisablessing,Newwords,n.（上帝的）祝福；好事；福分；因祸得福Theprophecyofadoubleblessingwasnottobefulfilled.“双喜进门”的预言没有效验。祸福兼有；有利有弊amixedblessingMyillnesswasamixedblessing.我的病是一个好坏掺半之事。Somewouldarguethiswasnoburdeninfact,andthatsheshouldcountherblessings.有些人可能会说这事实上算不上什么负担，她应该想想自己有多幸运。blessedadj.快乐的；神圣的；v.(bless的过去式和过去分词)；称颂上帝；求神赐福于Bothareblessedwithuncommonabilitytofixthings.两人在修理东西上都有一手绝活。Itismoreblessedtogivethantoreceive.（能够）施舍比收受更为幸福。,Newwords,n.移民，侨民；从异地移入的动物adj.移民的，移来的；侨民的Augie,likehisauthor,isaJew,bornamongtheimmigrantpoor.奥吉和他的塑造者一样，是犹太人，出身于穷苦的移民家庭。词根：migr=remove,表示迁移同根词adj.migratory迁移的,流浪的immigrant移来的,移民的(im进入+migr迁移+ant的adj.移来的,移民的)n.migrant移民,候鸟(migr迁移+ant人或物迁移的鸟候鸟)migration移民,移植,移往,移动(migrate迁移,移居+ion动作或状态migration移民;移往)Farmershavelearnedthattheyhavetomigrateiftheywanttosurvive.农民们已经认识到，想要生存就必须外出打工。Swallowsbegintheirmigrationsouthinautumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。emigrate移居者流亡v.(e出+migr移+en.移居者尤指因政治因素而移居外国者,流亡者)ThefamilydecidedtoshakethedustofftheirfeetandemigratetoAustralia.这一家人愤然离开，移居澳洲。,Newwords,vt.使想起，使记起；提醒CanyouremindmetobuyabottleofMartini?.你能提醒我买一瓶马提尼酒吗？Soshesimplywelcomedhimandremindedhimofthelasttimetheyhadmet.于是她只是对他表示欢迎，并且提醒说他们上次见过面。NeedIremindyouwhotheenemyis?还需要我来提醒你敌人是谁吗？,Newwords,vt.回顾7.lookdownupon(on)看不起,轻视8.lookforwardto盼望，期待9.lookinto朝.看去;调查10.looklike看上去象11.lookon旁观，观望13.lookout当心，小心，留神14.lookout警惕15.lookthrough浏览，翻阅，温习,仔细查看；透过.看16.lookup查寻，查阅;抬头看,Thesubjunctivemood虚拟语气,语气,英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,一、虚拟语气在条件句中,If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were),主语+should,would,might,could动词原形,If+主语+had+过去分词,主语should,would,might,couldhavedone,1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形,主语should,wouldmight,could动词原形,eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.,如果我是你，我就会努力学习,如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了,如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛,IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.,IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.,Ifitshouldweretorain,wewouldcalloffthematch.,Morepractice:,使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：,当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整,Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.,Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.,如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了,如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了,省略句在条件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，变为倒装句式,IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.,二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用,（1）用于宾语从句,、wish后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：,表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表将来would,might,could动词原形,Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwouldcouldgo.,2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。,insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.,Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.,Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.,注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。,Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.,Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.,他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意,那个人坚持说他没有偷钱,在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should动词原形”should可以省略,（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句,Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.,Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.,Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.,A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that.”中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形我们有必要出去散散步。Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.2她这样做是很自然的。Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.3重要的是我们要照顾好病人。Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.,（3）虚拟语气在在主语从句中,B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中从句用(should)+动词原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.,C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat.句型中从句也常用(should)+动词原型Itsapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.,1.Itis(high/about)timethat从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形，should不能省略,三、虚拟语气在其他从句中,Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.,2.Ifonly引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态,IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!,3.wouldrather+从句动词用过去式或过去完成时,Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.,4.asif(asthough)看起来常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(haddone).,Hetreats/treatedtheboyasifhewerehisownson.,Hespeaks/spokeasifhehadknownaboutit,5.evenif(eventhough)即使,Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.,EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.,四情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本来可以-mighthavedone本来可能-should/oughttohavedone本来应该做-shouldnt/oughtnottohavedone本不该做-你本不应该告诉她真相。Youshouldnthavetoldherthetruth.neednthavedone本不必做-比较：didntneedtodo没必要做也没有做-我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了Ididntneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本来会去做-,我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的,Ididnthaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.,Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment_before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there_noNewChina.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.shouldbeD.was,C,A,A,A,5.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.