介词用法大全

Grammar,介词和介词短语,介词是高考中的一个重要考点，在连续六年的广东高考中都有专门考查介词的，占语法填空的五分之一。主要考点有：,thevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingastowhoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme_aguestintheirhouse.(2007NMET),思路分析：句意是“把我作为客人接待”，表示“当作，作为”用介词as。,as,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman_thetroubleIhadcausedher.(2007NMET),思路分析：句意是“我想酬谢我给她造成了麻烦的那个年迈的妇女。”表示“因而酬谢/报答某人”，是rewardsb.forsth,即用for引出原因,故填for。类似的还有thankyousb.forsth;praisesb.forsth.;punishsb.forsth.,for,Hewasverytired_doingthisforawholeday.(2008NMET广东),思路分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填after；另外，表示“因而累”，betiredfrom也是固定短语，故也可填from。Betiredof对厌倦Iamtiredoflivingabroad.我对生活在国外感到厌倦了。,after/from,ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeoplesdailylife._theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.(2008NMET广东),思路分析：因theseproverbs是名词，且不是作主语、宾语、表语等，前面很可能是填介词；句意是“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示“在背后”，用介词behind。,Behind/In,Janestoppedwhereasmallcrowdofmenhadgathered.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes_sale.(2009),因表示“出售”的onsale是固定搭配。,on,WhenJanegothome,withhersmallbutwell-chosenpresentinherbag,herparentswerealready_tablehavingsupper.Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane_(inform).(2009NMET广东),at,wasinformed,Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled_(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthome_ahappyheart.(2010广东)Weunderstandthislessonbest_wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whetheritisacheappipeonadiamondnecklace,theproperresponseisappreciation.Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething.,warmly,with,when,IdidntwanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidntlikeleavinghim_23_hisowneither.(2011广东）.thenewboylookedattheteacher_23_afewseconds.（2012广东）,on,for,1.什么情况下可能是填介词？我们首先必须知道两点：(1)介词必须要接宾语，其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词，或者what从句；(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。因此，我们在解答语法填空时，若空格后是名词、代词或动名词时，且他们不是在句中作主语，也不是在动词后作宾语时，这个格空就很可能是填介词。,解题技巧,2.应该填哪个介词？在判断可能填介词之后，要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词，特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。,第一类：和时间有关的介词,1.inaton1)_theday2)_theevening3)_daybreak4)_midnight5)_sixoclock6)_dusk7)_acoldday8)_asummerevening9)_Sunday10)_December12th2009早、晚都要用inat黎明、午、夜、点与分on在特定的某一天或某天的上午,下午,晚上等,in,in,at,at,at,at,on,on,on,on,注：1)_weekends2)_Christmas/Easter3)_May4)_aweek5)_thefall6)Hewillcomeback_tendays7)_arriving,westartedtowork.8）Hejumpedwithjoy_hearingthenews.在周末和泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节等前用at说到星期，月份，季节，世纪等较长的时间时，要用in在将来时中，in加一段时间表示多久以后on+doing“一就.”=on+该动词的名词形式,at,at,in,in,in,in,on,On,2.before/after;ago/later1)_supper2)_19703)_comingtocollege4)Aweek_5)aminute_6)Tendays_before,after表时间点；ago,later表时间段注：1)HehadstudiedFrenchforfouryears_hecamehere.2)Hefellillthreedays_before可接完成时，ago过去时有限,before/after,before/after,before/after,ago/later,ago/later,ago/later,before,ago,3.totill/untilTheyworkedfromfive_tenLetsstartnowandwork_darkHeusuallypaysmeonFridaybutlastweekhedidntpayme_thefol-lowingMondayWellstayhere_itstopsrainingfrom.totill/untilnot.until,to,till/until,till/until,till/until,4.from,since,forSheissinging_morningtonight.Hehasbeenhere_MondayHeleftschoolin1983Ihaventseenhim_thenIhaventseenTom_twoyears.Hetravelledinthedesert_sixmonthsfrom和to不可分；since只用完成时,从句常是一般过去时for常接一段时间,from,since,since,for,for,5.by+时间“在这一时刻或者是在这一时刻之前”，且常常可以和完成时连用火车6点10分发车，所以你最好在6点之前到达火车站。Thetrainstartsat610，soyouhadbetterbeatthestationby600.到7月底我将已把那些书全读完了。BytheendofJulyIllhavereadallthosebooks,6.duringinwithin1)Ilearnedalot_theholiday/mystaythere.2)Shewasborn_1997.3)MrBlackvisitedourschool_2009,not20084)Theyworkedhard.Theyfinishedthework_2daysatlast.During和in两者在一般情况下可以相互替换，但是强调动作的延续性时候常用during，而强调动作发生在段时间中的某一点时候常用in，同时，当表示对比的时候，常用in。within强调的是不超过.，在之内,During,in,in,within,7.over+时间强调“过完”，有时表示“一边一边”他的孙儿孙女们将在这过完周末。Hisgrandchildrenwillstayovertheweekends.他们一边喝咖啡一边聊天。Theychattedoveracupofcoffee.8.throughout强调“从头至尾”，“至始至终”整个会议过程中他一句话都没有说。Hekeptsilentthroughoutthemeeting.,9.towards+时间表示“接近，快到”快到半夜了他们才离开。Theylefttowardsmidnight.注：1)Ourteacherisverypatienttowardsus.2)Thelittleboyrantowardshismother.towards还可表示对待(某人)和(朝)方向相当于to,2.in+时间段在之后（内），多用于将来时after+时间段在之后，多用于过去时1.MrBrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback_twoweeks.A.forB.afterC.in2.Ourmanagercameback_anhour.A.inB.afterC.at3.Theyhavebeenhere_anhour.A.forB.afterC.in,第二类表示方位的介词,inat1)Helives_agreatcitywhilehisparentslive_avillage.2)Thereisashop_thecornerofthestreet.3)Hehidthebook_thecornerofthedesk.4).Hewasswimming_thelake.5).Theywerewalking_thelake.小地方at,大地方in;at表附近，in表里注意：atsea,in,in,in,at,at,at,inintoIpouredthebeer_thecup.Heputhishands_hispockets.Someonemusthavebroken_.into常常表示进入.；而in一般无此用3.intoonTaiwanlies_theeastofChinaTaiwanis_thesoutheastofFujian.ChinafacesthePacific_theeast.in内to外，on表接壤,into,into,in,in,to,on,onaboveover;belowunderThereisalake_thevillage,furtherdownthevalley.Theresabridge_theriver.Theresabag_thedesk.above,below斜上/下方，over,under垂直上/下方，on是一般要接触Theyarechildrenabovesixyearsold.Inthecompany,DickranksaboveTomHeconsideredhimselfabovedoingsuchthings.above还可表年龄、职位和不屑Thecarisunderrepair.under还可以表示正在之中underdiscussion/construction,below,over,on,beneath太阳此刻落到地平线下了。Thesunisnowbeneaththehorizonbeneath可以代替underHeisbeneathhisbrotherintellectually.Heconsideredthatjobbeneathhimbeneath也可表抽象和比喻“低于”“不适合”,6.through,across,over,by1)Hewent_theforestbyhimself.2)Hewalked_mewithoutspeaking.3)Youmustbecarefulwhenyouwalk_theroad.4)Hejumped_thewallacross(从物体表面)跨越,越过through(从物体中间)穿透,穿越over(从物体上面）跃过by在.旁边,through,by,across,over,across(从物体表面)跨越,越过through(从物体中间)穿透,穿越over(从物体上面）跃过,7.toatHeshouted_mewithanger.Heshouted_mesothatIcouldhearhim.at侧重是攻击，to一般是善意cometo/attalkto/atpresent(aknife)to/at,at,to,8.between,among1).Thegirlsits_JaneandMary.2).Theteacherisstanding_thestudents.between是两，among是大于等于三注：1)Shetakessomemedicine_threemeals.三者以上事物,把这些事物分别看待，强调两两之间的时候仍用between2)Iam_thetopstudents.among还可表示包括在其中=beincludedin,between,among,9.beyond在的那一边山那边是一片浓密的森林。Beyondthemountainsisathickforest.注：1)Itsbenefitsgobeyondthis.2)Dontstaytherebeyondthevisitinghours.3)Theroadcontinuesbeyondthevillageupintothehill.beyond还可以表示超出.范围beyondtheordinary/theageof20/onesreach/onesdescription/onesgrasp,against表示靠着，依着他的办公桌靠墙放着。Hisdeskliesagainstthewall.注：1)Weboughtsomewarmclothesagainstthecomingwinter2)Thelittleredhouselookssobeautifulagainstthegreenwoods.3)Shehassaidnothingagainstyou.4)Itisagainsttheschoolrulestospeakinclass.against还可以表示预防，以为背景，不利于，违反等意思,along沿着，顺着沿着长平路一直往前走,穿过两个十字路口后你就会发现沃尔玛超市在你的左手边.WalkalongChangpingRoadandgoacrosstwocrossings.AndthenyouwillfindtheWal-MartMarketisonyourleft.注：1).Comealongwithus.2).Getalongwellwithothers.along还可以表示“和.一起”,12.off(从上)移开、落下、离开see/take/set/fall.off在(离岸边不远的)海面;与相距islandsoffthecoastTheshipsankofftheharbor.注：1)Myhometownismorethan1,000off.2)ThedayforCEEisabout200daysoff.空间或时间上的相距3)Iwillbeofftomorrow.离开或休假4)Theelectricityisoff.断电5)Heofferedtotake10%offtheprice.低于.;折价,第三类和原因有关的介词1.for表示原因经常用在一些固定搭配中：thank/forgive/reward/admirefor2.with后面接词或短语他们欣喜若狂。Theywerewildwithjoy.tremblewithfear/laughter/coldbetiredwith/handsareroughwithwork3.at常放在表示情绪变化的此后beshockedat/puzzledat/amusedat/delightedat/angryatsth,in用材料、语言、声音、现金等with用具体的工具、身体器官等（有形的）by用方式、方法、手段（无形的）;交通通讯工具1.Mymotheroftengotowork_bike.2.Ifyouareabletogettheticketstomorrow,pleasetellme_phone.3.Theteacheriswritingonthepaper_redinkandtheblackboard_apieceofchalk.4.Canyousayit_English?5.Pleasepay_cash.6.MyAmericanfriendislearningtoeat_chopsticks.7.Onesmells_hisnose.,第四类表示方式、手段的介词,by,by,in,with,in,in,with,with,注:by+交通工具的名词=in/on+冠词+交通工具bybike=onabikebybus=onabusbycar=inacar但是onfoot例外,第五类表示除外的介词1.but表示排除,多与nobody,none,noone,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等连用。当but前有do的任何形式，后接动词原形。2.besides表示包含,除.之外还有.3.except表示排除,除.之外。指的是同一类中除去其他个体。4.exceptfor表示除去整体中的部分,指的是同一物中除去例外的一部分“只是,只不过”5.apartfrom=except/besides,1.Thereisnoonehere_me.2.LastnightIdidnothing_watchTV.3.Wegothereeveryday_Sunday.4.Thecompositionisquitegood_thespelling.5._basketball,IlikeplayingPingpang.6.Youhavenochoice_towait.7.LiLongisagoodstudent_hislaziness.,but,but,except,exceptfor,Besides,but,exceptfor,第六类表示所属关系的介词to,of,for1)Haveyougotthekey_thelock?2)Doyouknowtheanswer_thequestion?3)Hebrokeoneleg_thetable.4)Areyouusedtothecustoms_thecountry?5)Thereisnotenoughfood_supper.6)Ihavetwotickets_thefilm.tokey、answer、reply、invitation、Monument、note、exit、entrances、bridge、road、way、solution、visitof表“所有”关系。(即:介词of前的事物是后面事物不可分割的部分)for表“适合”关系.(即:介词for前的事物只适合后面这一特定事物),to,to,of,of,for,for,第七类表示关于的on和about1)Theteachertoldusastory_LeiFeng.2)Weregoingtolistentoalecture_Africanhistorythisafternoon.on与about一般情况下，二者可以互相替换。about常用于简单的或浅显的论述等，是一般用语，多用于讲故事，谈话；思考等on多用于系统论述或专题讲演、论著等，具有学术性,about,on,第八类表示增加或减少1)Comparedwithlastyear,thepricehasrisen_30%.2)Thepopulationhasincreasedfrom1.2milion_1.8million.by表示在原有的基础上增加或减少了to表示总数增加或减少到.,by,to,第九类表示价格,比率,标准,速度的介词at表示价值，价格,比率或速度,表单价.for表示交换,指总价钱by表示度量单位或标准.后接表计量单位的名词一般是单数,前面需加定冠词the.数词或复数名词前不加.1.Weareflying_aspeedof400kms/hr.2.Iboughtthesebooks_5dollarseach.3.Iboughtthesebooks_30dollars.4.Heispaid_theweek.,at,at,for,by,第十类as,likeHehasbeenplayingtennisasaprofessionalfortwoyears.Heplaystennislikeaprofessional.Thewineimproveswithage.DoasIdo.as:介词-作为，如同连词-随着;按照with-介词随着”like:介词-像，跟.一样unlike;“比如”动词-喜欢dislike1.随着时间的流逝，她原谅了他。Astimewentby,sheforgavehim.Withtimegoingby,sheforgavehim.2._astudent,youshouldstudyhard.3._manystudents,hestudieshard.,As,Like,1.Theoldmancannotwalk_astick.2.Wegotthere_anytrouble.3.Itwasntverypoliteofyoutoserveyourself_asking.4.Wewere_electricityforthreehoursbutitsonagainnow.,without,without,without,without,1.without+宾语+形容词Allthethingsinhishousewerestolenwithoutthedooropen.他屋里的所有东西都被偷了，而门没有打开。2.without+宾语+副词Idbelostwithoutyouhere.没有你在这儿，我会一筹莫展。3.without+宾语+介词短语Idontlikesweetcoffee;Ilikeitbetterwithoutsugarinit.我不喜欢加糖的咖啡，里边不加糖我更喜欢。4.without+宾语+动名词Heleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.没说再见，他就走了。5.without+宾语+不定式Itwasboringtosittherewithoutanythingtodo.无所事事地坐在那里太无聊了。6.without+宾语+过去分词Withoutanyproblemsolved,theyleft.没有解决任何问题，他们就走了。,第十一类用于复合结构的without,1.With+n./pron.+adj.Hewenttobedwiththedooropen.2.With+n/pron.+adv.Shelefttheclassroomwithallthelightson.3.With+n/pron.+prep.PhraseMothercamehomewithabasketinherhand.4.With+n/pron.+doingJacklayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.5.With+n/pron.+todoWithherhusbandtohelpher,shewillworkitout.6.With+n./pron.+p.p.Themurdererwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.,例1：_fire,allexitsmustbekeptclear.A.InplaceofB.InsteadofC.IncaseofD.Inspiteof例2：Ihaveofferedtopaintthehouse_aweeksaccommodationInexchangeforB.withregardtoC.bymeansofD.inplaceof例3:_youradvice,IwouldhavebeencaughtinthetrafficandIwouldnthavebeenthereontime.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor,A,C,B,介词短语的辨析考查,介词与名词、动词、形容词等的搭配例1：Howdifferentmyhometownis_whatitwastenyearsago!fromB.atC.withD.by例2：scientistsareconvinced_thepositiveeffectoflaughter_physicalandmentalhealth.A.of;atB.by;inC.of;onD.on;at,A,C,“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中的运用例:Theauthor_BeijingUniversity_allofusarefamiliarwillpayavisittoourcompany.from;whomB.in;towhomC.from;withwhomD.in;who,C,解题指导：对于介词与其他词的搭配，除了掌握一些常见的搭配外，要善于从句中找出搭配形式，特别是分割开了的搭配形式；要注意还原短语，选出需用的介词。,分词形式的介词considering（就而论）given（如果有,考虑到）including（包括）concerning（关于）例1:_hisoldage,heishealthyenough.A.ConsideredB.ToconsiderC.ConsideringD.consider例2:_hissupport,Ithinkwewillwintheelection.A.IfB.GivenC.GivingD.Have,C,B,inadditionto=besides除以外，还有incaseof万一发生incommonwith与有共同之处，与相同infaceof面对intimeof在时候indangerof处于的危险中indefenceof为了保护,牢记下列常见的复合介词,inneed/wantof需要inshortof缺infavourof有利于inexchangefor以交换inmemoryof为了纪念inhonourof为了尊敬inpraiseof为了赞美inchargeof负责inthechargeof由负责,inpossessionof拥有inthepossessionof由拥有insearchof为了寻找intouchwith和保持联系inpreparationfor为作准备inplaceof代替，而不是inhopesfor/inthehopeof希望inthecourseof在的过程中inthehabitof在的习惯中,infrontof在的前面inthefrontof在的前部intheformof以的形式inthenameof以名义inrelationto与相关；inreplyto作为对的回答inanswerto作为对的回应inregardto关于/至于inreturnfor作为对的回报,inspiteof尽管insupportof支持intermsof就而言inharmonywith与和谐inlinewith与一致/符合inpaymentfor为了偿还accordingto依据，根据owingto因为becauseof因为onaccountof因为,bymeansof凭借thanksto多亏了asfor/to至于dueto由于apartfrom除以外exceptfor除了(整体的某个不足的部分),regardlessof不管contraryto与相反onbehalfof代表butfor要不是outofdate过期的outofplace不合适的；不相称的outoforder出故障的,与动词搭配：devoteto为作贡献dancetomusic伴着音乐跳舞adaptto适应adjustto调节以适应attachto把粘贴到上oweto把归功于,注意下列带介词的词组,（2）on的搭配难点词组：depend/relyon依赖于behardonsb.对某人苛刻beonaresearchteam研究队中的一员takeon雇佣；呈现,注意下列带介词的词组,（3）over可以表示“在某事/活动进行的过程中”，如：overacupofcoffee在喝咖啡的时候；overlunch在吃中餐的时候,注意下列带介词的词组,（4）考生要熟悉多个“形容词+介词”的词组以及“bedone+介词(done已经形容词化，表示状态)”；如：beconsciousof意识到beawareof意识到；明白beworthyof值得；配得上beabsentfrom缺席bepresentat出席,注意下列带介词的词组,bebusywithsth.忙于bebusyindoingsth.忙于做beanxiousabout为担心beashamedof因而惭愧besuspiciousof怀疑bedifferentfrom与不同besimilarto与相似,注意下列带介词的词组,befamiliarwithsth.熟悉某物befondof喜爱bestrictwithsb.对某人严格bestrictinsth.在某方面严格bepopularwith受到的欢迎betiredof厌倦belostin迷失在专心于berelatedto与有关,注意下列带介词的词组,以下为一些介词的特殊用法：介词in1.在阳光、灯光、树荫下，雨中，穿衣服inthelight/therain/uniform/disguise/irons2.表示状态和心情inpower/ruins/rags/tears/holes/flowerages/love/debt/anger/goodhealth/hope/sorrow/confusion.介词on1.收音、农场、值日、队伍、委员、董事onontheradio/thewireless/TV/thephone/afarm/duty/theteam2.依靠依赖depend/live/rely/base/feed.on3.在进行之中,onthemarch/fire/strike/sale/show/display/business/atrip/leave特殊：onpurpose/time/schedule/sb(某人支付)介词at1.在山脚下、门口、目前；以的速度、速率；日出、日落；温度；价格等等用atatthefoot/bottom/gateof./thedoor/present/aspeedof/arateof/tendegrees/agoodprice/agreatcost/thecostof.2.开始和结束atthebeginningof/endof/first（inthebeginning/intheend）3.at也可以表示一中状态atwar/work/home,介词by表示偶然bychance,byaccident介词for1.表示找或获得ask/write/look/search/pay.for2.前往leave/head/make/sail/befor介词to表示“令人.”toonessurprise/delight.,above/over/on/below/under/beneathBecareful!Thereisasnake_yourhead.Thesunis_themountainintheeast.Thereisaglass_thetable.MrBrownwas_hiswifeinsocialstanding.2.over/across/past/throughTheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast,_deserts,_mountains,_valleys,tillatlastitreachesthesea.Thecrowdofpeoplewalked_theCityWall.,over,above,on/under,below,across,over,through,past,3.in/on/atHeis_thestationnow.Hisglassesareright_hisnose.Iam_classroomnow.4.in/on/toJapanlies_theeastofChina.Englandlies_thesoutheastofBritain.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinGuangzhou,whichlies_ZhujiangRiver.,at,on,in,to,in,on,by/in/on_sea/air/land/water_plane/ship/traingotoschool_mybike/_myfatherscar_foot/horseback2.over/through/with/by/inHewaswriting_apencil.Wesee_oureyes._hand/_ink/_theradio/_thetelescope,by,on,in,with,with,by,in,over,through,by,on,at/for/withIamangry_herwords.Hewentred_excitement.Sheisoftenafraidtospeakinpublic_shame.2.becauseof/dueto/thankstoMistakes_carelessnessmayhaveseriousconsequences._yourhelp,Ihavegreatprogress.Iamlate_theheavyrain.,at/about,with,for,dueto,Thanksto,becauseof,作定语或表语,作状语，位于句首或句尾,多用于句首,besides,except,exceptfor,but/apartfromWeneedfifteenmorepeople_ourteamtodothejob._adeskortwo,theclassroomwasempty.Sheseldomtalkedofanything_painting._hiswife,hisdaughteralsowentswimming.Wealla