现在分词作状语选修六

,非谓语动词（分词作状语）,了解谓语动词与非谓语动词区别（引）掌握分词作状语（学）高考非谓语真题尝鲜（练）,Task1.学会判断非谓语动词,一、考一考判断下列句子里的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。1.HeisteachingEnglish.2.HisjobisteachingEnglish.二、定义谓语动词就是指在句子中充当谓语的动词非谓语动词指的是在句中不是谓语的动词。谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。,做什么,是什么,过去分词,不定式,-ing形式,非谓语动词,三、非谓语使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.,四、分析句子结构,辨别“谓与非谓”,1._manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.,2._manytimes,hestillcouldntunderstandit.,A.HavingbeentoldB.Hewastold,B,_,A,练习：用studying或者study1）_(study)hard,youwillpassthefinalexam.2)_(study)hard,andyouwillpass,Studying,Study,Task2：掌握分词作状语,ThePresentParticipleasAdverbial（现在分词做状语）,被动,主动,语态,doing,havingdone,done,beingdone,havingbeendone,-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，表示与主语主动关系。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，,一、现在分词的形式及其表达的意义,1、-ing分词的主动式：,一般式:表示和后面句子的动作是同时进行的动作；完成式：表示动作是先于后面句子的动作发生。如：Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。,2、-ing分词的被动式,-ing分词的被动式表示与后面句子的主语是被动关系。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，被动式有一般被动式(beingdone)和完成被动式(havingbeendone)。如：（Havingbeencriticized）bytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。,-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。,二、现在分词作状语的句法功能,1.-ing分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句。Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.他一边看书，一边不时地点头。Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。,2.-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Notknowinghisaddress,Icantsendthisbooktohim.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。Beingsoexcited,Manyofuscouldntgotosleepthatnight.因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着,3.ing分词短语作结果状语。如：Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。Shewassoangrythatshethrewthetoyontheground,breakingitintopieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。,4.-ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。Followingtheoldman,theyoungpeoplestartedwalkingslowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。,5.-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：Usingyourhead(Ifyouuseyourhead),youwillfindaway.Knowingallthis(althoughtheyknewallthis),theymademepayforthedamage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。,独立成分：有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankly,honestly)speaking,一般来说judgingfrom(从判断),supposing(假设),considering(考虑到)allowingfor(考虑到)oconsideration(考虑到)regarding(关于)talkingof（谈到),speakingof（谈到）等。,Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.Supposingyoulose,whatwillyoudo?Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.Talkingoftravel,haveyoueverbeentoBeijing?,1、分词(短语)作状语时,前后两个动作的主语是同一个人。2、分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，分词和主句之间可用逗号。,使用-ing形式需注意的4个问题.,3、用V+ing一般式还是Having+done完成式，要看前后两个动作有没明显的先后顺序，在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。4、分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not,never等否定词构成。,Afterheheardastrongsound,hewentoutoftheroomforalook.,=Hearingastrangesound,hewentoutof.,Asthegirlwasseriouslyill,shewastakentohospitalimmediately.,Beingseriouslyill,thegirlwastakento.,be-being,AsshedidntknowanyFrench,shecouldntgetanyonetohelpher.,NotknowinganyFrench,shecouldntgetanyonetohelpher.,Consolidation,Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.,A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing,2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.,A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake,3.”Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.,A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing,4._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.,NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotNothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived,5Themissingsingerwaslastseen_thevoiceclosetothebridgeAexercisingBtobeexercisingCexerciseDtoexercise6.Thedirectorsdiscussedtheprojectthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyearAcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryout,7._theclassroom,thestudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch.A.TocleanB.HavingcleanedC.CleanedD.Cleaning8.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.“A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading9._fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TojudgeD.Judge,10._fortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.A.Having